Editorial： Be careful! Avoiding duplication： a case study

In bioscience papers, besides the other scientific misconduct issues, replication of the method section is a common problem because duplication is always being detected in the section Materials and Methods. We editors often receive comments and queries from authors who think that it is a matter of course to copy their own published materials as opposed to copying those of others. How should editors handle such papers with similar content in the method section and how to guide authors in writing the method section without being accused of plagiarism？ What is right？ What is wrong？ Here we studied an example to explain this problem.     

A Good Example of Hemingway’s Iceberg Principle:The Killers

Hemingway established a well-known literary theory - iceberg principle.He said he always attempted to create his literary works according to this principle.In his opinion,if a prose writer has a pretty clear idea of what he writes about,then he can omit the things he knows,and the readers will strongly feel that what the writer has omitted seems to have been written as long as what he writes is authentic.Hemingway himself once said,"The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water."Here,one eighth refers to the information given by the author,and the rest refers to the unwrit ten information that can be acquired in readers’imagination on the basis of the one eighth.The Killers is a good example of Hemingway’s iceberg principle.This essay will analyse the characters in it to show how the principle was used in this short story.With no doubt the iceberg principle leaves a large space for the readers to imagine and better understand Hemingway’s works.     

Critique of an Existing Language Syllabus

This article is intended for exploration and critique of some issues of the syllabus for Certificate in English for Business. The issues examined are what ideologies are behind the design, what types of the syllabus are and whether it is likely to develop the communicative competence. In addition, the comparison between the learning outcomes and objectives of the education program is also included. Next, the process-oriented syllabus which is different from the category of the teaching plan is taken into consideration as well. Finally, minor problems on whether the design is likely to meet the learners’needs and motivate the learners, whether it is likely for the teacher to the implement the plan are covered, being discussed briefly.     

Global English:gift or curse?

The status of the English language as the lingua franca of the global information society is beyond dispute, but what is not so clear is whether it is capable of fulfilling that role efficiently. In the following article Ross Smith responds to the supporters of Global English by examining the qualities that an ideal international auxiliary language would possess and then discussing the extent to which those qualities are to be found in modern English.     

Transfer of Native Language——A Minor Role in Second Language Acquisition

This essay deals with the long controversial issue of whether transfer of native language has a major or minor role in the second language acquisition.Based on a brief introduction of all the literature regarding the language transfer in SLA and investigated through a deeper look into the main theories on the role of native language,the essay points out that the role of transfer of NL is evidently far from being as definite or dominant as it is supposed to be.The essay asserts that language universals but not the NL facts were found to play the leading role in the transfer.It holds that Universal Grammars are functioning in determining where language transfer occurs,and thus comes to its conclusion that the role of transfer from NL is inferior to that of UG in SLA,which explains why among second language learners there has been a remarkable common experience that language learners in the early stages will produce in the target language linguistic forms which can be related neither to their mother tongue nor to the target language.     

Chinese Culture Can’t be Expressed Exactly in English

Culture is itself a most comprehensive metaphor shown by people--different crowd has specific and characteristic culturewhich is a mixture of history and experience. English as a world language Language plays an important role transmitting, but not exactly,different cultures. Thus, Chinese culture can not be expressed in English besides people who use English as Englishes exactly. This paperwill illustrate the fact through introuducing elements of culture, especially from the aspect of the broadening of Little C (behaviour culture),and analyzing the reason from three aspects according to the broadening of Little C, that is, English can not express Chinese products exactly, English can not express Chinese ideas exactly, and English can not express Chinese behaviours exactly.     

我的人生观

How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people-first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force.I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally.     

Influence of contexts on vocabulary testing

In vocabulary testing, whether to adopt context is a heat-debated topic. In the article, an experiment is designed to investigate what is the effect of zero context and sentence context on the vocabulary testing？ And how do the different kinds of context in vocabulary affect the subjects＇ performance？ The experimental result demonstrates that sentence plays an important role in helping text-takers to figure out the correct meaning or target words.     

加拿大的传统体育——曲棍球(英文)

Although not the official sport of Canada, when a Canadian is asked what sport they feel characterizes them as being Canadian, most will not hesitate to nominate ice hockey. Interestingly enough, statistics show that hockey is the most popular sport in Canada and Finland.     

The pedagogical value of art and music in the past and the present

Pedagogical theory and research practice tend to confine themselves to study the cognitive aspect of a child＇s personality and to focus on his/her productivity, while forgetting about other dimensions. The ability to experience artistic contents and the creative capacity of our society are decreasing. People are in a continuous search for spiritual balance and therefore the task of the contemporary school is to help people get out of this crisis and pay more attention to the realization of educational tasks and goals as well as individual school subjects. Art has always played the role of purposefully influencing the experiencing, feeling, creating and enjoying of beautiful things. It therefore provides a counterbalance to the rationalized world of today. Especially music plays a special role in all periods and all human societies, however, not because it encourages various experiences or notions in the listener or a pleasant atmosphere, but because it presents a challenge to the development of spiritual perception that does not occupy an important, enough place in the present school system. Based on different historical understandings of the pedagogical value of music, the author tries to determine what pedagogical value was ascribed to music in the past and what pedagogical value it is being ascribed today     

Assessing graduate attributes for employability in the context of lifelong learning： The holistic approach

To promote economic and personal growth, higher education students＇ employability, ensuring their preparedness for the workforce, is emphasized. From the employer＇s perspective, judging whether a graduate is employable depends upon whether the graduate exhibits the attributes which employers value. Yet, with the growing emphasis on lifelong learning, it is important for higher education to re-consider and reframe the development and assessment of attributes of graduates in the context of lifelong learning. In this paper, these attributes will be explored in that context, and the issue of how assessment helps the development of graduate attributes is to be considered. Student engagement is proposed in this paper as the holistic, useful approach for the development of employability and lifelong learning. The holistic approach reflects the fact that what is required in a workforce is not the acquisition of knowledge, skills and dispositions per se, but the capability to make an engagement through which knowledge, skills and dispositions are connected as a whole. The lack of emphasis on students＇ engagement could lead to mistakenly selecting as important for the focus of assessment simply the acquisition of skills, knowledge or dispositions, rather than the holistic connection of these to their application in the workforce.     

Using genetic markers in unpedigreed populations to detect a heritable trait

Before a breeder invests selection pressure on a trait of interest, it needs to be established whether that trait is actually heritable. Some traits may not have been measured widely in pedigreed populations, for example, a disease or deformity may become more prevalent than previously, but is still relatively rare. One approach to detect inheritance would be to screen a commercial population to obtain a sample of "affecteds" (the test group) and to also obtain a random control group. These indi- viduals are then genotyped with a set of genetic markers and the relationships between individuals within each group estimated. If the relatedness is higher in the test group than in the control group, this provides initial evidence for the trait being heritable. A power simulation shows that this approach is feasible with moderate resources.     

Eat by Colour

COLOUR is the key to good nutrition. Yet what colour is an increasing number of people's diet? Beige.As a physician who has studied nutrition and cancer prevention for more than 20 years, I believe that bland diets actually account for the most common diseases, including heart disease, cancer and what I call diabesity-a booming epidemic of obesity and diabetes.     

悠闲英语（五十六）

Actually, what I mean by eating is not the food we eat but the way in which we eat. Yes, you guessed it-we are going to talk about ＂table manners＂ Eating in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience when you know what to expect and what you are expected of as a guest. In western culture, dinner is the most important meal of the day, so we＇ll talk about having dinner in a restaurant in America.     

When the Teacher Is a Non-native Speaker

One item in the questionnaire inquired whether the participants thought the NEST or the non-NEST was a better teacher. While an approximately equal number of votes went for either option （27 percent for NESTs and 29 percent for nonNESTs）, 44 percent inserted “both,” an alternative which had not even been supplied in the questionnaire. The proportion of participants who chose non-NESTs as their favorites is high, especially given their linguistic inferiority. It follows from this that non-NESTs should be in possession of certain unique features that NESTs Jack. But what are they？ What gives non-NESTs their competitive edge？ What assets enable them to make up for their linguistic handicap？     

复活节Bunny来了!

Easter is a holiday celebrated between March 22 and April 25th in the US.This year it will be March 27th.It is mostly thought of as a religious holiday celebrating Christ's arising from his tomb ana going up to Heaven, But of course just like Christmas the secular' merchants have their own financial reasons to celebrate. Now this is not all baa because Easter is celebrating "rebirth" and Springtime.Here in the US many little girls get pretty new pastel colored dresses to wear to church on Easter Sunday.Now what is so funny is that long ago Easter was actually a     

Long-term follow-up of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology

Children conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are nowadays a substantial proportion of the population. It is important to follow up these children and evaluate whether they have elevated health risks compared to naturally conceived (NC) children. In recent years there has been a lot of work in this field. This review will summarize what is known about the health of ART-conceived children, encompassing neonatal outcomes, birth defects, growth and gonadal developments, physical health, neurological and neurodevelopmental outcomes, psychosocial developments, risk for cancer, and epigenetic abnormalities. Most of the children conceived after ART are normal. However, there is increasing evidence that ART-conceived children are at higher risk of poor perinatal outcome, birth defects, and epigenetic disorders, and the mechanism(s) leading to these changes have not been elucidated. Continuous follow-up of children after ART is of great importance as they progress through adolescence into adulthood, and new ART techniques are constantly being introduced.     

优秀译文

During the Beijing Olympic Games, t was witnessed that Chinese athlets put on a successful performance and broke many records.Meanwhile, it was the same as the past Games that there were many great pities we have to keep in mind. Because of the hated competition of athletics, the Games took on the performance of perfection, as well as greatness of Pity. In a sense, the pity is one of the indispensable attractions of athletics.Actually, it is the pity that allows us to fully appreciate what a successful life is,     

A Way to Rootedness: Traveling in Tender Is the Night

Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald’s novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main characters, but a deeper look would reveal that it is unanimously resorted to as a weapon against the spiritual barrenness caused by the cult of business, and more importantly, as a way to the experience of rootedness.