大学生依恋类型和自尊对抑郁的影响及应对策略

旨于探讨大学生依恋类型和自尊对抑郁的影响,并提出应对抑郁的策略。运用抑郁自评量表、亲密关系体验问卷和自尊量表,随机抽查260名在校大学生,从而得出结论：性别对依恋类型、自尊水平及抑郁分数有不同程度的影响,依恋类型对抑郁情绪有一定的作用,自尊水平越高,个体的抑郁情绪越少。可以通过心理健康指导和能力建设两个方面直接或间接地减少大学生抑郁情绪。     

大学生依恋类型与心理健康的关系

通过使用亲密关系体验问卷和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对215名大学生进行了调查,探讨了大学生依恋类型与其心理健康之闻的关系。研究表明大学生依恋类型与其心理健康之间有密切关系。其中专注型男女在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性和其他因素上存在显著差异,冷漠型男女只在抑郁上存在显著差异;只有恐惧型恋爱与没有恋爱在人际关系、敌对、精神病性和其他因素上存在显著差异;安全型与不安全型只有在躯体化水平上差异不显著,在其他各水平上均达到显著。     

Maladaptive Perfectionism,Adult Attachment,and Self‐Esteem in College Students

Extending an earlier study that found high self‐esteem to modify the impact of otherwise maladaptive perfectionism on depression, the current study used adult attachment theory to explore the link between perfectionism, self‐esteem, and depression in college students. Results indicated that self‐esteem buffered the effects of maladaptive perfectionism on depression and that adult attachment security moderated the association between perfectionistic self‐doubt and self‐esteem. Counseling implications of these findings are discussed.     

Parental Attachment,Cognitive Working Models,and Depression Among African American College Students

In an attempt to understand the cognitive mechanisms by which parental attachments predict depression among African American college students, the authors examined a mediational path model containing parental attachment, cognitive working models, and depression. The model demonstrated a close fit to the data, and several significant paths emerged. The authors provide recommendations for counselors practicing in college counseling centers and suggest directions for future research.     

College Student Cyberbullying: Self‐Esteem,Depression, Loneliness,and Attachment

In an online survey (N = 338) at a large midwestern university, frequency counts indicated that 51 (15.1%) undergraduate students were cyberbully victims during college, and 27 (8.0%) were cyberbully offenders during college. In simultaneous regressions, maternal attachment anxiety explained unique variance in cybervictimization and cyberoffending. In multivariate analyses of variance, cyberbully victims (vs. nonvictims) reported higher depression, loneliness, and maternal attachment anxiety, and cyberbully offenders (vs. nonoffenders) reported lower self‐esteem and higher maternal attachment anxiety. College counseling implications are discussed.     

Correlates of Psychological Abuse Perpetration in College Dating Relationships

This study examined the contributions of gender, adult romantic attachment orientations (i.e., avoidance, anxiety), defense mechanisms (i.e., narcissism, other‐splitting), and stressors to college student psychological abuse perpetration (dominance). Men with higher levels of attachment avoidance, narcissistic entitlement, and stressful problems reported more dominance of female partners. Women with higher levels of other‐splitting reported more dominance of male partners. Attachment avoidance contributed to women's dominance of male partners only in the context of elevated narcissistic entitlement or few stressors.     

An Examination of Perceived Therapeutic Bond as a Mediator of Psychological Outcomes

The client's perception of the therapy relationship is an essential component of modern theoretical orientations. To date, there is a lack of quantitative research examining how the therapeutic bond affects therapy outcomes in college counseling. This study used path analysis to examine longitudinal therapy outcomes with 423 college students. Having a stronger therapeutic bond predicted decreased symptoms of depression, social anxiety, and academic distress. Findings support continued attention to developing a working relationship.     

三维非线性动力响应的理论分析和数值计算方法

本文应用显式分块多时步变时同步长的时间积分策略,提出材料小应变、大位移瞬态分析的有限单元法,该法使用随单元旋转的坐标系,给出计算效率很高的结点力计算列式.我们采用能量校核的方法,以保证计算的稳定性.文中给出实现这种计算的程序框图,数值计算实例表明,该程序可广泛的应用于三维非线性动力分析.     

Attachment Styles,Social Skills,and Depression in College Women

Attachment styles, social skills, and depression were studied in 93 college women using the Relationship Questionnaire (K. Bartholomew & L. M. Horowitz, 1991), the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (A.T. Beck, R.A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996), and the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (D. Buhrmester, W. Furman, M.T. Wittenberg, & H.T. Reis, 1988). The self and other attachment models and the social skills of negative assertion, self‐disclosure, and conflict management all correlated with depression. Conflict management partially mediated the relationship between attachment self‐model and depression. Implications for counseling are discussed.     

Schools and emotional and behavioral problems: A comparison of school-going and homeschooled children

Much attention has been focused recently on the deepening crisis in the education system. Researchers have attributed these problems to the school environment. One method for examining this claim is to compare specific emotional and behavior problems among children who attend schools and children who do not. This study examined three aspects of children's emotional world—emotional and behavioral problems, depression, and attachment security—in a group of children attending school and a group of homeschooled children, matched for socioeconomic background and research procedure. The findings indicated a lower level of depression among the homeschooled children; no difference was found between the groups in attachment security. With respect to emotional and behavioral problems, no difference was found in internalizing problems, but more externalizing problems were found among the school-going than the homeschooled children, in 9–10-year-olds and 11–12-year-olds, but not in 6–8-year-olds.     

An Attachment Model of University Connectedness

Students with high levels of connectedness to the university have been found to be more likely to complete their college degree than are students with low levels of university connectedness. This study examined the role of parental and peer attachment as distal predictors of school connectedness. As predicted, it was found that attachment style to parents predicted attachment style to peers. An avoidant attachment style to peers predicted negative perceptions of peer support and support services. An anxious attachment style to peers predicted negative perceptions of faculty support. Perceptions of peer support, support services, and faculty support then predicted feelings of connectedness to the university. Classroom comfort also predicted university connectedness, although it was not found to be related to attachment style to parents or peers. Implications for college students and college/university administrators are discussed.     

瑜伽锻炼对女大学生身心健康的影响

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验数据统计法等,对女大学生进行瑜伽练习之后,身体体质指标及心理症状指标的变化及改善进行研究,探讨瑜伽练习对其身体形态、身体机能、身体素质、柔韧性、平衡性、经期改善等体质指标的影响和对人际关系、强迫、抑郁、焦虑等心理健康因子的改善。     

平衡活动教学法在大学英语口语教学中的应用

J·Harmer的平衡活动教学法在大学英语教学尤其是口语教学中有重要的指导意义。在教学环节中实现教学内容与学习者需要之间的平衡、语言结构与语言功能的平衡以及输入、练习与输出之间的平衡,不仅能使学生掌握所学的英语语言知识,还能实现《大学英语课程教学要求》中对于培养学生综合应用英语能力的规定,对口语教学起到积极的促进作用。     

Gender,Gender Role Identity,and Type of Relationship as Predictors of Relationship Behavior and Beliefs in College Students

The authors explored the relationship of gender, gender role identity, and type of relationship—same‐sex friendship, cross‐sex friendship, or romantic relationship—to relationship behaviors and beliefs among 429 college students. They discuss implications for individual and group counseling, consultation, and primary prevention on college campuses.     

The Development and Correlates of Gender Role Orientations in African‐American Youth

This study charted the development of gendered personality qualities, activity interests, and attitudes across adolescence (approximately ages 9–18) among 319 African‐American youth from 166 families. The relations between daily time spent with father, mother, and male and female peers—the gendered contexts of youth's daily activities—and (changes in) these gender role orientations were also assessed. Boys and girls differed in their gender role orientations in stereotypical ways: interest in masculine and feminine activities, and attitude traditionality generally declined, but instrumentality increased across adolescence and expressivity first increased and later decreased. Some gender differences and variations in change were conditioned by time spent with same‐ and other‐sex gender parents and peers. The most consistent pattern was time with male peers predicting boys' stereotypical characteristics.     

Funny Students Cope Better: Patterns of Humor Enactment and Coping Effectiveness

Increasingly, college students are employed in jobs outside of class—and contend with additional stressors as a result—when they attempt to balance work and academic demands. Enacting humorous communication is one productive way to handle such stress. In a college student, the replication of the process of using humor to cope with job stress (i.e., higher humor orientation, HO) was associated with higher ratings of effectiveness, greater self-perceived coping effectiveness, and subsequently with higher job satisfaction. Path analysis demonstrated that, as the transactional theory would predict, students' trait HO influences their job satisfaction through its effect on heightened coping efficacy. Results indicated that, across two very different sample populations, college students and fully employed adults are extremely similar in the process and benefits of using humor to cope.     

Affect Regulation as a Mediator of Attachment and Deliberate Self‐Harm

The authors used structural equation modeling to test the mediational role of affect regulation on attachment and deliberate self‐harm in 216 undergraduates. Results suggest that affect regulation mediates the relationship between attachment and deliberate self‐harm, providing support for the theoretical importance of attachment and affect regulation in the etiology of self‐harm behaviors. Accordingly, attachment styles should be considered when providing clinical assistance to college students in an effort to improve affect regulation and to treat deliberate self‐harm.     

大学生成人依恋类型与孤独感的相关性分析

目的探讨大学生依恋类型及其与孤独感的关系,为开展大学生心理辅导与救助提供参考．方法采用成人依恋类型自我报告量表及孤独感量表对四川、重庆200名大学生进行测试．结果大学生依恋类型的分布为安全型占69．7％,回避型占19．1％,矛盾型占11．2％;除男女大学生在矛盾依恋上有显著差异外,大学生依恋类型均无年级和城乡差异．大学生依恋类型与孤独感之间呈显著的负相关．结论大学生成人依恋类型以安全型为主,依恋类型与孤独感密切相关．     

大学生完美主义与抑郁的关系:沉思的中介作用

探讨大学生非适应性完美主义、适应性完美主义、沉思与抑郁的关系。采用FMPS中文版、RRS中文版、CES-D量表对800名大学生进行测量。结果表明,非适应性完美主义者倾向于用沉思的反应风格来应对负性情绪,从而产生抑郁;适应性完美主义对抑郁的负性预测作用不是以沉思为中介变量。     

农学本科专业设置方向探析

在农学本科专业之下再设若干专业方向是各高校较为常见的一种做法。文章分析了我国高校在农学本科专业下设置专业方向的四种类型,探讨了农学专业下设置专业方向的利与弊,并对我校农学专业如何设置专业方向提出了建议。