隋唐五代的制墨业

制墨业是中国古代重要的手工业,隋唐五代时期制墨业相当发达。唐代制墨业不论产地分布,还是生产质量、工匠数量,北方地区都占绝对优势,当时北方的绛州、易州、潞州等地都是著名的制墨中心。唐末五代时,制作重心开始由北方向南方转移,歙州逐渐成为著名的制墨中心。     

宋代制举衰微的历史流变

制举是科举的一种取士科目，由皇帝特别下诏举行考试。它溯源于汉代的贤良方正，盛于唐代。宋代制举命运多舛，屡兴屡废，是制度由盛而衰的重要转折点，自此以后，制举一直处于衰败、凋零之中。导致制举于宋代开始衰微的原因主要有如下几点：宋代科举常科和三次兴学的强力冲击；制举报名资格日益提高；制举考试要求严格；统治追求操作简单、管理方便的规律的支配作用。     

秦汉魏晋南北朝时期制墨业考述

松烟墨出现很早,但在秦、西汉时期,其形制尚不规范。东汉时期,随着墨模的应用,松烟墨的形制才趋于规范。魏晋南北朝时期,松烟墨的制作更加精巧,产地不断扩展,质量逐渐提高,使用范围渐趋广泛。在松烟墨制作逐渐精良的同时,其生产中心也不断变化。秦汉时期,制墨业中心主要在关中地区。魏晋南北朝时期,北方制墨中心由关中地区向今山西、河北等地转移,南方庐山地区也逐渐成为重要的制墨中心。     

从定额租制看宋代江南地区的集约经营

江南地区是宋代生产力最发达、经营最集约的地区，同时也是定额租制最流行的地区，本文通过对定额租制和分成租制的比较，认为定额租制具有集约的特征，适应宋代江南生产力的发展。     

论宋代九盏制宫廷燕乐表演

宋代宫廷燕乐表演是宫廷宴会的重要组成部分,而九盏制燕乐表演体制是宋代宫廷宴会的常用体制。《东京梦华录》和《梦粱录》对九盏制宫廷燕乐表演均有记载,我们对宋代宫廷燕乐九盏制表演体制的级次递进、表演形式和内容等方面有了比较明晰的了解。     

我国古代制墨

我国古代制墨可分为三个时期。秦汉时使用松烟墨,宋代开始出现桐油烟墨,并有一大批为我国制墨作出巨大贡献的墨家。从制墨技术上看,取烟、和墨、煮胶、杵墨、用药,一步步发展到明代达到技术顶峰,工艺水平同时也登峰造极。明清的墨不仅是实用品,更是人们收藏的艺术珍品,出现了鉴赏家和收藏家喜爱的墨品佳作。从这里我们不难看到我国制墨工业的发展道路。     

论宋代冗官之成因

冗官在历朝中以宋代为最。宋代曾多次实行过裁减冗官即“省官”措施，但均未得到解决。宋代的科举制和恩荫制与冗官问题具有直接联系，但从深层上透视，冗官是宋代独特的专制主义中央集权制度和立国政策的衍生物     

宋代权力监督中的"双规"制度

当下党和政府非常重视加强对党员干部及行政工作人员的权力监督,其中＂双规＂制度就是一项重要的措施。在我国的宋代也出现了中央政府为了进行权力监督而采取的类似＂双规＂的制度,这就是宋代的＂制勘＂制度。可以说现代权力监督中的＂双规＂制度,吸收了宋代＂制勘＂制度中的很多合理成份,完美地做到了以史为鉴、古为今用。     

中国历史参考图片(三十)

说明图一蓝浦、郑廷桂著“景德镇陶录”(1815年刻成),卷一有“陶成图”十四幅,描写制陶工业从“取土”到“烧炉”的全部过程。(采自“景德镇陶录”)图二这是中国最早的雕版天主像和拉丁化文字(1606年),保存在程氏“墨苑”里。程氏是经营制墨业的大     

宋代乡村行政管理体制初论

宋代县以下的乡村基层行政组织,其表现形式在北宋初为乡里制,王安石变法后实行保甲制。乡里保甲制在宋代呈现为职役制。南渡以后基本上沿袭北宋之制,一般实行乡、都、保、甲制。宋代乡里保甲制是继承历代乡里制度并加以发展的结果,并具有其独特的统治职能、运转方式和政治作用。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.