美国一所特许学校的办学理念

在美国芝加哥的南联邦街上有一所特许学校，学校共有155名6年级至12年级的学生，其中86％的学生来自低收入家庭。     

美国特许学校绩效制原则及其运作

绩效责任是20世纪90年代美国中小学教育改革的主要措施之一，它被看作是特许学校运动的一大特色，实行绩效制是提高学校责任感的一个有效机制。特许学校绩效制强调“教育透明度”，依靠公共市场的力量。     

美国的特许学校

自从1991年明尼苏达州实施特许学校立法,1992年首次出现特许学校(Charter School)以来,特许学校在美国获得了快速的发展。据统计,到2003年1月,在美国的37个州(包括哥伦比亚特区),共有特许学校2700所,就读学生68.4万人。特许学校的产生、发展既反映出美国各界对现行公立教育管理体制和教育体制     

美国特许学校的成功

美国教育改革中心(CER)在2003年9月17号发布了报告《研究特许学校的发现》(What the：Research Reveals About Charter Schools)的第三版。这个报告是1995年来多个研究的合集，内容主要是特许学校对学生、教师和社区的影响。教育改革中心的主席阿伦(Jeanne Allen)说，“研究发现：特许学校富有成效”。大学、研究者、州教育部、     

美国特许学校探微——特点、办学分析及办学评价

众所周知，作为当今世界教育超级大国的美国。自上世纪50年代开始，国内的学校改革运动风起云涌，高潮迭起。在一浪高过一浪的学校改革运动中，以八九十年代兴起的“择校”改革最为引人注目。因为“择校”改革对美国以公立教育为基础的教育体系，尤其是基础教育体系提出极大的挑战。特许学校是“择校”改革的一种重要的选择形式。特许学校就其性质而言是一类特殊的公立学校，它既接受学区的领导和财政支持，又是一个独立的法人实体，具备独立的办学自主权和财政权，旨在把美国的公立教育体制和管理方式从过去“政治行政模式”转化为“经济市场模式”，减少和克服过去公立学校体制中的“垄断”和“官僚”的弊病，为儿童及家长提供更大的教育选择权。     

美国特许学校办学影响评估--来自美国政策研究统计公司的总报告北大核心CSSCI

特许学校在近2 0年的发展中引起了美国教育界的广泛关注。本文介绍了美国关于特许学校办学影响的一份最新报告。主要发现如下:⑴被调查的特许学校在改进学生的学习成绩、行为方式和学校进步方面并没有比传统公立中学好多少或者差多少;⑵特许学校对于学生学习成绩的影响在被调查的不同学校之间具有显著性差异;⑶特许学校对于家庭收入水平不同、学习成绩不同的学生影响也不同;⑷特许学校的一些可操作特征对学生的学习成绩有着积极的或消极的影响。     

美国特许学校办学影响评估——来自美国政策研究统计公司的总报告

特许学校在近20年的发展中引起了美国教育界的广泛关注.本文介绍了美国关于特许学校办学影响的一份最新报告.主要发现如下:(1)被调查的特许学校在改进学生的学习成绩、行为方式和学校进步方面并没有比传统公立中学好多少或者差多少;(2)特许学校对于学生学习成绩的影响在被调查的不同学校之间具有显著性差异;(3)特许学校对于家庭收入水平不同、学习成绩不同的学生影响也不同;(4)特许学校的一些可操作特征对学生的学习成绩有着积极的或消极的影响.     

美国特许学校内外部绩效责任之分析

特许学校是美国的一种新型办学形式,与公立学校相比负有更大的绩效责任。本文详细地分析了特许学校的内外部绩效责任。     

试论美国特许学校的新型绩效责任制度

特许学校是美国近十年发展起来的一种新型公立学校形式。本文在介绍绩效责任理论含义和特许学校运动发展的基础上,从“立法”和“特许”的角度论述了特许学校新型的绩效责任制度,并结合图表分析了它与传统公立学校绩效责任的差异,最后简单说明了特许学校是如何发展内外部绩效责任的。     

美国特许学校绩效表现分析

一、特许学校的绩效责任20世纪90年代兴起的特许学校中的“特许”二字,主要是指“促进公立教育体制的变革”。1991年,明尼苏达州制订了美国历史上第一个特许学校法令。次年,该州的两位教师创办了美国第一所特许学校——圣保罗城市中学。迄今为止,美国已有40个州及哥伦比亚特区通过特许学校立法。     

Scaling Up Success for English Language Learners in Charter Schools: Exploring the Role of Charter School Authorizers

Abstract

The population of English language learners (ELLs) and the number of charter school students have both increased rapidly over the past two decades, but no existing research has examined the role that charter school authorizers play to ensure that ELLs have equitable access to charter schools and that those schools implement research-based programs for ELLs. To fill this gap, our exploratory qualitative study employed a multiple-case case study approach to examine how 10 diverse authorizers considered ELLs in their authorizing practices. Guided by Honig’s (2006) three Ps framework (people, places, and practices), we examined how authorizing practices were shaped by external factors, the agency of the actors within the authorizing office, and by the local context in which the authorizer was situated. Overall we found that ELL-related authorizing practices varied widely across the sample, as some authorizers integrated ELLs into their practices, while others paid little explicit attention to ELLs. In terms of place, contextual factors at the state, district, and authorizer levels contributed to the variation. Within the people component of the framework, the commitment of authorizing staff members to improve access and quality for ELLs in charter schools was an important factor, as was the authorizer’s access to ELL-related expertise. We conclude by outlining implications for research, practice, and policy.     

特许学校与美国择校制度

择校制度是美国教育改革的一个中心议题。美国目前已形成特许学校、磁石学校、学费券、家庭学校等多种教育形式共同发展的多元化格局。本文以特许学校为例,从历史的角度阐述了美国择校制度的演进,择校制度的推行以及择校制度的效果,对我国基础教育改革具有借鉴意义。     

Gifted and Talented Programs in Charter Schools

ABSTRACT

The fact that the reform movement in public education has directed greater attention to the needs of underperforming students than to those of gifted and talented (G/T) students is both well documented and not surprising in the current political climate. Some advocates for G/T education greeted the growth of charter schools as promising a more receptive environment for G/T students and programs. Indeed, enthusiasm was so great that early critics of charter schools worried that they would result in “creaming” G/T students from the general population leaving public schools in worse shape than before (Wells et al., 1999). However, not only has evidence of this “creaming” not been found but, rather, only approximately 30% of charter schools report that they have a G/T program at all (Gruber et al., 2002). The charter schools in this study (n = 49) were found to provide varied instructional programs and employ recommended practices such as acceleration and project-based learning to meet the needs of their G/T students. They don't focus on identification of G/T students. While some schools are based on a philosophy that all students are gifted, others only recognize the gifts and talents as they emerge. We found that these schools provide flexible grouping and independent learning plans to assure that all students can progress as far as possible as quickly as possible.     

美国特许学校的家长合同

家长合同是目前美国部分特许学校普遍采用的吸引学生家长参与学校教育工作的一个新的方式。家长合同包括订立合同的目的、家长的权限和家长的义务以及违反合同后所应接受的惩罚等项内容。了解合同的内容以及合同的实施状况对研究和改善我们当前的家长参与学校教育工作具有重要的现实意义。     

美国新兴特许学校的现状研究

美国在20世纪70年代提出了“特许学校”的思想,在90年代初明尼苏达州率先颁布第一部特许学校法,它标志着美国的特许学校运动走上了法制化的轨道。目前,全美已有37个州和两个地区都在进行特许学校的实际与探索。     

Charter Schools and Urban Education Improvement: A Comparison of Newark’s District and Charter Schools

This article compares student achievement of fourth graders in charter schools and district public schools in Newark, New Jersey. We find that Newark and New Jersey’s charter schools mirror the educational inequalities of the state as a whole, as well as its Abbott Districts. The data indicate that charter schools are similar to district urban public schools, with pockets of excellence and mediocrity. We measure school performance based on two criteria: actual test score performance, and the difference between actual and predicted performance. We find that some charter schools are able to achieve performance above predicted, given their school and student characteristics, while other schools do worse than predicted. Thus charter schools are not simply a magic bullet, but rather they warrant further investigation to see which practices work and which don’t, especially in a challenging urban setting such as Newark.Jason M. Barr is an Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA. Louisa Visconti is a Research Associate, Department of Urban Education, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Address correspondence to Alan R. Sadovnik who is a Professor of Education, Sociology and Public Affairs and Associate Director, Institute on Education Law and Policy, Department of Urban Education, Rutgers University-Newark, 165 Bradley Hall, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; e-mail: sadovnik@andromeda.rutgers.edu     

The Educational and Behavioral Impacts of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Charter School

The Kauffman School is a public charter school serving students from low-income neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri. This paper used a matched comparison group design to estimate the impacts of the Kauffman School on student achievement, attendance, and suspensions. We found that the Kauffman School had large positive impacts on student achievement in mathematics, reading, and science. This paper also used qualitative data to explore possible mechanisms for the school's effects. We found evidence that the Kauffman School's hallmarks are being implemented faithfully, and that stakeholders believe the school's methods are having a positive influence on students' attitudes and performance     

宪章学校是美国教育的未来吗？

本文对美国的宪章学校及其产生的背景做了简要介绍．并对宪章学校的发展现状和利弊做了深入分析。     

Evaluating Non-Cognitive Skills among Students Switching Into and Out of Charter Schools in North Carolina

Despite several charter schools specifically targeting improving students’ noncognitive skills, the majority of charter school literature focuses on cognitive learning outcomes. Using behavioral measures as proxies for noncognitive outcomes, I find that North Carolina charter schools have no effect on tardiness or unexcused absences but are slightly improving total absences, suspensions, and disciplinary infractions. These positive results were driven primarily by charter schools that had been operating for at least five years. My results suggest that charter schools should be evaluated on a wider selection of outcomes than just standardized test scores.