科学探究式学习评价的功能与技术方法

科学探究式学习的评价决定着它的价值取向 ,现从评价的功能、评价的技术方法两个方面论述科学探究式学习的性质评价与量化评价。     

科学探究式学习评价及其新理念

科学探究式学习是当今教育改革中倡导的一种学习方法。对探究式学习的评价有着与传统的以学科为中心的学习不一样的评价理念，现从评价的涵义、新理念两方面论述科学探究式学习的评价。     

科学探究式学习评价及其新理念

科学探究式学习是当今教育改革中倡导的一种学习方法。对探究式学习的评价有着与传统的以学科为中心的学习不一样的评价理念 ,现从评价的涵义、新理念两方面论述科学探究式学习的评价。     

科学教学中的探究式学习

自新课标实施以来．大量的教学事实证明,探究式学习方法是学习科学的一个有效方法。能在课堂上保持学习者的好奇心和求知欲。“做中学”探究式学习的特点强调动手动脑的结合,以“探究”为核心。问题的提出是科学探究的开始．也是学生的探究兴趣所在。因此,教师应积极地鼓励学生大胆地提出问题。对提出的问题进行假设、猜想,开展灵活多样的探究活动,给学生提供一个良好的探究环境,让学生在探究中体会成功的乐趣,不断提高探究的能力和意识。具体做法如下——     

高中化学新课程探究式学习评价的案例研究

以学生基本概念知识的学习、实验设计和操作知识的掌握与问题解答知识的应用为研究专题,运用认知心理学原理,根据新课程改革评价需要,以氧化还原反应、氨的化学性质及化学反应守恒问题为例,对高中学生化学探究式学习评价进行设计,为化学学习评价的优化和完善提供参考。     

计算机技术支持的中学科学探究式学习环境设计

将核心教育理念与计算机技术支持的学习环境进行有效地结合,使学习环境为教学提供更为有效的支持,是环境设计的理念之一.本文将主要面向中学阶段学生科学学习的探究式学习环境分为三类:体现科学探究程序的学习、注重探究技能和方法的掌握及以模拟实验为载体的探究式学习环境;结合典型案例,针对不同类型学习环境的设计要素和核心功能展开分析,从中梳理出国外探究式学习环境在功能开发和教学内容设计方面的主要特点:为教师设计内容提供后台工具,融合可视化工具,强调合作探究的作用,设计不同难度水平的探究内容.本研究能为中学阶段计算机技术支持的探究式学习环境设计和开发提供借鉴.     

搞好科学探究式学习教学的几个问题

科学探究作为新课程的一个重要理念写入了课程标准。它既是课程的重要目标之一，也是课程的重要内容之一，还是一种重要的学习方式。在新课程实验中，科学探究进入课堂正在改变着学生的学习方式，教师们创造了不少好的经验，也出现许多问题和困惑。一些教师反映，由于课堂探究活动的增加，教师负担加重，教学任务难以完成；课堂表面看来轰轰烈烈，     

科学探究学习评价体系的研究

评价是探究学习过程不可缺少的一部分,科学探究学习目标的多元化需要建立起一种能够激励和促进学生知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观协调发展的评价理念:评价的方式注重以质性评价统整量化评价;评价的内容注重探究学习的结果,但更重视探究学习的过程;评价是为了促进学生的发展;评价的主体是多元化的。在实践中,教师运用调查法、纸笔测验法、概念图评价法、档案袋评价法和活动表现评价法将大大促进学生的探究学习。     

小议探究式学习

《生物课程标准》倡导探究式学习,力图改变学生原有的学习方式,引导学生主动参与、乐于探索、勤于动手、逐步培养学生收集和处理科学信息的能力,以及交流和合作的能力,突出创新精神和实践能力的培养。生物课程中的探究活动是学生积极获取生物科学知识,领悟科学研究方法而进行的各种活动。一、探究活动的基本过程1.提出问题提出问题是科学探究的基础,要从日常生活、生产实践和周围环境中发现与生物学相关的问题,问题来自于学生周围的真实世界,这样学生才会感兴趣,乐于参与。探究的问题由教师或学生提出均可,但要逐步培养学生自已发现问题与提…     

构建“探究式”的科学课堂

《科学课程标准》指出：科学学习要以探究为核心。探究既是科学学习的目标，又是科学学习的方式。亲身经历以探究为主的学习活动是学生学习科学的主要途径。科学课堂应给学生提供充分的科学探究机会，使他们在进行探究学习的过程中，体验学习科学的乐趣，增长科学探究能力，获取科学知识，形成尊重事实、善于质疑的科学态度。科学探究活动应成为科学课堂的主体，那如何让科学探究走进科学课呢？我们尝试构建了“探究式”的科学课堂。     

探究式学习的建构主义视角

实现最新的内容和过程(探究)标准,对于科学教育的改革是一个特别的挑战。探究式学习模式整合了建构主义的五条原则,探究过程的三个步骤都有着具体的目标,在设计探究学习活动时,必须充分地考虑到过程目标,采取相应的策略,把内容和过程整合起来,才能为学生提供机会,从真实的活动中增加经验,同时加深对知识内容的理解。     

Evaluation of Jigsaw,a cooperative learning technique

Cooperative learning techniques have been promoted for the development of academic and social competencies. One such technique, Jigsaw, creates cooperation by structuring student interdependence through the learning task, rather than through the grading system. A process and outcome evaluation of Jigsaw was conducted. Eleven teachers of fifth-grade classes received Jigsaw in-service training and conducted Jigsaw in their classes over a school year. Students in 13 other fifth-grade classes served as a comparison group. Students received a pretest and a post-test assessing attitudes toward self, peers, and school, and achievement and attendance records were collected. The process evaluation revealed that the quality and frequency of Jigsaw implementation varied greatly. Jigsaw failed to have a positive effect on the outcome variables, even for the five classes where it was implemented proficiently. The results, which are consistent with an earlier study (J. Moskowitz, J. Malvin, G. Schaeffer, & E. Schaps, 1983, American Education Research Journal, 20, 687–696), are discussed in terms of a theoretical shortcoming of this technique.     

一流大学评估：功能及省思

建设一流大学成为中国高教领域的重要话题。 中国特色的一流大学既要有立足于国情和文化的“共性”特征,也要有体现各校独特价值认知和使命的个性特征。而这一认知亦会融入一流大学评估的实践中。一流大学的评估应当体现建设中国特色一流高校的国家意志,融合政策方案和目标,使一流大学建设与国家和社会需求保持一致;它应保证一流大学的办学基准,发挥其保底功能,推动高教领域竞争格局的形成并发挥其引导作用;同时坚持多元性和开放性以充分关照到高校发展的动态性和差异性。 对一流大学评估,应对其科学和伦理的正当性进行反思,关注其背后可能蕴含的异化风险,以及其可能引发的高等教育领域的生态变化。     

Mastery learning,rewriting assignments and student learning of criminal justice research methods

This research examines the application of mastery learning theory to the teaching of criminal justice research methods. Mastery learning has students learn each module before proceeding to the next one. Criminal justice research methods is amenable to mastery learning because the course content is cumulative; students need to know each step before proceeding to the next one. Mastery learning was implemented by having students rewrite exercises until they obtained perfect scores. It was tested in three classes taught by the same instructor. Student learning was measured by comparing the difference in scores on a pretest examination with scores on a post-test examination. The results indicated that the better students performed on the exercises, the more they improved on the final examination over the initial examination. The more students rewrote assignments, the better they performed on the assignments and subsequently, the more they improved on the final examination. Students who averaged between one and two rewrites maximized improvement on the examination. The results suggest that mastery learning theory is an effective method of teaching research methods. Although it is more time consuming than traditional methods, it is beneficial to students who are trying to learn difficult material for the first time.     

Innovation in postgraduate teaching: mixed methods to enhance learning and learning about learning

Growing pressure to restructure and reform tertiary education is encouraging university academics to use innovative practices that assist students to develop ‘employable’ skills. The hybrid approach described in this paper stimulated students to be self‐directed adult learners who maximized their learning of content and skills by means of problem‐based learning and action research strategies. The lecturer also operated as a reflective practitioner and role model by using an action research approach. This paper demonstrates the value of student empowerment, communication and leadership in autonomous learning groups. It outlines methods by which academic teaching staff can build continuous improvement into a university unit’s curriculum design and processes. These can be powerful additions to lecturers’ teaching strategies and to students’ learning experiences.     

Evaluation of learning environments for object-oriented programming: measuring cognitive load with a novel measurement technique

Various methods and tools have been proposed to overcome the learning obstacles for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). However, it remains difficult especially for novice learners. The problem may be not only adopting an instructional method, but also an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Learners employ IDEs as a means to solve programming problems and an inappropriate IDE may impose additional cognitive load. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study tried to identify the cognitive effects of a more visually supportive and functional IDE. It was explored by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy method, which is a relatively new physiological tool for measuring cognitive load. Novice students participated in the study in two experimental groups and they were required to write a Java application using two different IDEs. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental groups and the findings are discussed in view of the principles of Cognitive Load Theory and Multimedia Learning.     

Situated learning,professional development,and early reading intervention: A mixed methods study

The purpose of the present mixed methods study was to investigate a model of situated professional development and classroom-based early reading intervention implemented by the K–2 teaching teams from one school in a large urban/suburban school district in the southeastern United States. Twenty-nine teachers participated along with 125 students (74 intervention, 51 comparison). Student-level data sources included letter-word identification, word attack, spelling of sounds, and passage comprehension measures. Teacher-level data sources included semistructured interviews with each teacher, planning/recording documents, and pre/post questionnaires to gather information about teachers’ self-efficacy and demographics. The main conclusions were the following: (a) struggling readers eligible for intervention made significant gains, (b) struggling readers eligible for intervention made significantly greater gains than their nonstruggling peers did, (c) teachers’ reflections on the intervention and the situated professional development were generally positive, and (d) teachers’ self-efficacy for instructional strategies positively changed across the year.     

Concept map structure,gender and teaching methods: an investigation of students' science learning

Background: This study deals with the application of concept mapping to the teaching and learning of a science topic with secondary school students in Germany.

Purpose: The main research questions were: (1) Do different teaching approaches affect concept map structure or students' learning success? (2) Is the structure of concept maps influenced by gender? (3) Is the concept map structure a reliable indicator of students' learning success?

Sample: One hundred and forty-nine high-achieving 5th-grade students from four German secondary schools participated in the study. The average age of participants was 10½ years. Gender distribution was balanced. Students produced concept maps working in small, single-sex groups.

Design and methods: There were two teaching approaches used: one based upon teacher-centred instruction and one consisting of student-centred learning. Both were followed by a concept-mapping phase. Student groups experienced either one or the other teaching approach. Concept map structures were analysed using of the method of Kinchin, Hay and Adams. We defined three different possible types of concept map structure: spokes, chains and nets. Furthermore, for assessing a student's short- and longer-term learning success, we constructed a multiple-choice knowledge test applied in a pre-, post-, retention-test design. Parametric tests, such as MANOVA, one-way ANOVA and t-tests were used to identify any differences in gender, teaching approach, number of nets per concept map and their interactions.

Results: Type of teaching approach had an effect on concept map structure but not on students' longer-term learning success. Students of the teacher-centred approach produced more net structures than those students who participated in the hands-on instruction. Subsequent analyses showed in total more net structures for female groups. The interaction of gender and number of nets per concept map showed a significant effect on students' longer-term learning success.

Conclusion: The study suggests that Kinchin's classification scheme for assessing concept map quality may be a good indicator of students' learning success when applied in combination with a knowledge test.