Retrofitting of RC Slabs Against Explosive Loads

With the increase of terrorist bomb attacks on buildings, there is a need to develop advanced retrofitting techniques to strengthen structures against blast loads. Currently, several guidelines including an Australian version for retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) structures are available for the design of retrofitting systems against seismic and monotonic loads using steel or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plates that can be either adhesively bonded to the surface or near surface mounted to the concrete cover. However, none of these guidelines provide advice suitable for retrofitting structures subjected to blast loads. In this paper, numerical models are used to simulate the performance of retrofitted RC slabs subjected to blast loads. Airblast pressure distributions on the surface of the slabs estimated in a previous study are used as input in the analysis. A material damage model developed previously for concrete and an elastoplastic model for steel bars are employed in this research for modelling reinforced concrete behaviour due to explosive loads. The material models and blast loading are coded into a finite element computer program LS-DYNA3D to do the analysis. With the numerical model, parametric studies are conducted to investigate RC slabs retrofitted by either externally bonded or near-surface mounted plates or GFRP sheets subjected to blast loads. Discussion is made on the effectiveness of the retrofitting system for RC slabs against blast loads.     

Modeling of Normal Perforation of Reinforced Concrete Slabs by a Rigid Projectile

An analytical model on the normal perforation of reinforced concrete slabs is constructed. The effect of reinforcing bars is further hybridized in a general three-stage model consisting of initial cratering, tunnelling and shear plugging. Besides three dimensionless numbers, i. e., the impact function I, the geometry function of projectile N and the dimensionless thickness of concrete target X, which are employed to predict the ballistic performance of perforation of concrete slabs, the reinforcement ratio Ps of concrete and the tensile strength fs of reinforcing bars are considered as the other main factors influencing the perforation process. Simpler solutions of ballistic performances of normal perforation of reinforced concrete slabs are formulated. Theoretical predictions agree well with individual published experimental data.     

CFRP加固混凝土构件轴压性能试验分析

采用CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料)环绕包裹混凝土棱柱体进行轴压强度试验。该试验研究包裹方式、层数以及原混凝土强度对构件轴压强度的影响,并在此基础上,通过统计分析的方法得到了轴压强度随各影响因素变化的定量计算公式。试验结果表明,CFRP环绕包裹混凝土对轴压强度有一定的提高作用;在保证施工材料和工艺质量的前提下,可以考虑采用仅在最外层搭接的包裹方法,既可有效提高混凝土构件的轴压强度,也能在一定程度上减少CFRP用量。专题试验表明,该定量计算公式有一定的可靠性,可用于定量计算CFRP包裹对混凝土轴压强度的提高作用。     

Modeling of Normal Perforation of Reinforced Concrete Slabs by a Rigid Projectile

An analytical model on the normal perforation of reinforced concrete slabs is constructed. The effect of reinforcing bars is further hybridized in a general three-stage model consisting of initial cratering, tunnelling and shear plugging. Besides three dimensionless numbers, i. e. , the impact function /, the geometry function of projectile N and the dimensionless thickness of concrete target X, which are employed to predict the ballistic performance of perforation of concrete slabs, the reinforcement ratioρs of concrete and the tensile strength fs of reinforcing bars are considered as the other main factors influencing the perforation process. Simpler solutions of ballistic performances of normal perforation of reinforced concrete slabs are formulated. Theoretical predictions agree well with individual published experimental data.     

Spallation mechanism of RC slabs under contact detonation

The spallation of the concrete slabs or walls resulting from contact detonation constitutes risk to the personnel and equipment inside the structures because of the high speed concrete fragments even though the overall structures or structural members are not destroyed completely.Correctly predicting the damage caused by any potential contact detonation can lead to better for-tification design to withstand the blast loadings.It is therefore of great significance to study the mechanism involved in the spallation of concrete slabs and walls.Existing studies on this topic of-ten employ simplified material models and 1D wave analysis,which cannot reproduce the realistic response in the spallation process.Numerical simulations are therefore carried out under different contact blast loadings in the free air using LS-DYNA.Sophisticated concrete and reinforcing bar material models are adopted,taking into account the strain rate effect on both tension and com-pression.The erosion technique is used to model the fracture and failure of materials under tensile stress.Full processes of the deformation and dynamic damage of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs and plain concrete slabs are thus observed realistically.It is noted that with the increase of quantity of explosive,the dimensions of damage crater increase and the slabs experience four different damage patterns,namely explosive crater,spalling,perforation,and punching.Comparison be-tween the simulation results of plain concrete slabs and those of RC slabs show that reinforcing bars can enhance the integrity and shearing resistance of the slabs to a certain extent,and mean-while attenuate the ejection velocity and decrease the size of the concrete fragments.Therefore,optimizing reinforcement arrangement can improve the anti-spallation capability of the slabs and walls to a certain extent.     

焊接钢筋网在混凝土板中的粘结和搭接长度

本文通过分析钢筋混凝土构件的拔出实验数据，结合现行规范锚固长度的计算公式。推导出焊接钢筋网搭接长度计算公式，并用单向板试验予以验证。     

合肥市U型钢筋混凝土地道桥的静载分析

U型钢筋混凝土地道桥的受力计算比较复杂,涉及到挡土墙土压力计算的水土分算和水土合算,本文通过大型有限元软件ANSYS,建立U型钢筋混凝土地道桥的有限元模型和力学模型,对其进行三维有限元荷载应力分析。     

有限元法在钢混结构非线性分析中的应用

有限元法在钢筋混凝土结构非线性分析中,充分体现了它"全过程仿真"的特点,和传统的线弹性分析及常规计算模型相比,它的适应性更强,力学概念更加明确,分析过程更加精确。由于钢筋混凝土结构的特点及其非线性理论的发展和完善,使有限元方法在解决混凝土的破坏准则、本构模型、钢筋与混凝土之间的关系模型、裂缝问题以及过程分析的计算机程序实现等问题中得到广泛应用,具有广阔的发展前景。     

现浇钢筋混凝土楼板裂缝控制的试验研究

文章对现浇钢筋混凝土楼板开裂的情况进行了现场调查,初步分析了现浇钢筋混凝土楼板开裂的性状和原因。利用现场使用的不同配合比的C30混凝土试件,分别在标准收缩养护和非标准收缩养护条件下的收缩值进行对比试验研究,探讨早期浇水养护对现浇混凝土收缩变形的补偿作用。     

Theoretical Calculation and Analysis of Slip and Deformation for Concrete Sandwich Panels

Slip and deformation of concrete sandwich panels under uniformly distributed loads is concerned. The effect of slip on the deformation of concrete sandwich panels are studied,and the analytical expressions of slip and deformation for concrete sandwich panels is obtained. These formulae can describe the slip distribution and account for its effect on deformation. In order to restrict the bound of formula, the formula of crack moment is obtained. The results of theoretical calculation are compared with those of tests and finite element methods. The comparison shows that the results of theoretical calculation are in accord with those of tests and finite element methods. So the theoretical calculation can be used to calculate slip and deformation of concrete sandwich panels in practical projects.     

用无网格法求解非线性混凝土受压柱

基于移动最小二乘近似,用无网格法求解考虑材料非线性的混凝土受压柱,在分析中由于混凝土材料的非线性,利用Newton-Raphson迭代法进行求解,编制了相应的分析程序,对混凝土受压柱进行了数值分析。本文分析结果与解析解和有限元解进行比较,吻合较好。     

Mechanical Behavior of Rectangular Steel-Reinforced ECC/Concrete Composite Column under Eccentric Compression

In order to improve the seismic performance, deformation ability and ultimate load-carrying capacity of columns with rectangular cross section, engineered cementitious composite(ECC) is introduced to partially substitute concrete in the edge zone of reinforced concrete columns and form reinforced ECC/concrete composite columns.Firstly, based on the assumption of plane remaining plane and the simplified constitutive models, the calculation method of the load-carrying capacity of reinforced ECC/concrete columns is proposed. The stress and strain distributions and crack propagation of the composite columns in different states of eccentric compressive loading are analyzed. Then, nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted to study the mechanical performance of reinforced ECC/concrete composite columns with rectangular cross section. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical results, indicating that the proposed method for calculating the load-carrying capacity of concrete/ECC composite columns is valid. Finally, based on the proposed method, the effects of ECC thickness, compressive strength of concrete and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the mechanical performance of reinforced ECC/ concrete composite columns are analyzed. Calculation results indicate that increasing the thickness of ECC layer or longitudinal reinforcement ratio can effectively increase the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the composite column with both small and large eccentricity, but increasing the strength of concrete can only increase the ultimate loadcarrying capacity of the composite column with small eccentricity.     

混凝土梁抗扭性能分析及承载力修正公式

采用ABAQUS有限元软件对各种强度等级下各龄期钢筋混凝土梁的受扭性能进行分析。各龄期混凝土的本构关系采用塑性损伤模型,受拉指标采用断裂能。有限元分析结果表明:各龄期混凝土的抗扭承载力随龄期的增长而增长,开裂前早龄期混凝土梁的抗扭承载力主要由混凝土承担,钢筋的贡献很小;前3d是混凝土扭矩增长最快的主要时间段,开裂扭矩和极限扭矩达到28 d的60%左右。最后,根据有限元参数分析结果,在现行规范的基础上提出了早龄期混凝土梁开裂扭矩和极限扭矩的修正公式。     

Effect of modeling range on structural analysis for powerhouse of hydroelectric power plant by FEM

In this paper, three different modeling ranges were selected in the structural analysis for a hydropower house. The analysis was carried out using ABAQUS 6.6. The modeling range has a remarkable effect on finite element method (FEM) calculation result at the middle position of typical cross-sections where the concrete is relatively thin, and at the region close to turbine floor. If the ventilation barrel, floor slabs and columns above turbine floor are excluded from FEM model, the maximum rise difference of pedestal structure increases by about 24% compared with that of the whole model. It is indicated that different modeling ranges indeed affect FEM calculation result, and the structure above turbine floor in the FEM model should be included.     

Static and dynamic behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with chemically reactive enamel-coated steel bars and fibers

In this study, the effect of steel fibers coated with chemically reactive enamel (CRE) on the system response of concrete structures with reinforcing bars has been investigated for the first time. In particular, the ultimate strength, ductility, and failure mechanism of 24 reinforced concrete slabs were experimentally characterized under static and blast loads. CRE coating applied on steel bars reduced the crater area of slabs under blast loads by up to 20%; it slightly increased the strength of slabs and significantly reduced the strength degradation of slabs when increasingly deflected under static loads, making the slabs more ductile. CRE coating applied on steel fibers increased the strength of slabs by up to 16% under static loads. The influence of CRE coating applied on both steel fibers and bars may be taken into account by introducing a coating factor in the range of 0.57<β<1.0 in the American Concrete Institute (ACI) development length equation.     

Numerical analysis of dynamic behavior of RC slabs under blast loading

In Order to reduce economic and life losses due to terrorism or accidental explosion threats,reinforced concrete(RC)slabs of buildings need to be designed or retrofitted to resist blast loading.In this paper the dynamic behavior Of RC slabs under blast loading and its influencing factors are studied.The numerical model of an RC slab subjected to blast loading is established using the explicit dynamic analysis software.Both the strain rate effect and the damage accumulation are taken into account in the material model.The dynamic responses of the RC slab subiected to blast loading are analyzed,and the influence of concrete strength,thickness and reinforcement ratio on the behavior of the RC slab under blast loading iS numerically investigated.Based on the numerical results.some principles for blast-resistant design and retrofitting are proposed to improve the behavior of the RC slab subjected to blast loading.     

Unified expression for failure of reinforced concrete members in bridge

INTRODUCTION Reinforced concrete elements with box section are commonly used in horizontal subsystems and in vertical support of bridge structures. The horizontal structural members normally have box section and top flange. The vertical supports of the bridge usually have a box section also. To simplify the deduction of such structural member under combined forces, the box sections without top flange are discussed here. Fig.1 shows the typical section types of reinforced concrete members.…     

UHPC在混凝土梁的加固应用研究进展

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)已经在混凝土结构的加固中得到广泛的应用。对在役混凝土梁常见的病害及工程中常用加固方法的优缺点,以及UHPC应用于混凝土梁加固的技术可行性、优缺点、应用前景进行分析,并对既有的UHPC加固梁的施工工艺、受力性能及计算方法等进行综述。研究结果表明:与传统的加固方法相比,采用UHPC对钢筋混凝土梁进行加固,无论在技术可行性、结构耐久性和工程造价方面,均存在明显的优势;与未加固的混凝土梁相比,UHPC 加固梁的承载能力和刚度等力学性能均大幅提高,且对旧桥自重的影响有限;其加固施工工艺是影响增大截面加固效果的重要因素,需结合工程案例开展系统研究;由于加固结构大多已服役数年,在计算加固构件的承载力时,初始损伤对结构承载力的折减是今后需要重点研究的问题。     

型钢混凝土T形柱基于ABAQUS抗扭力学性能分析

因为异形柱经常承受偏心受压加受扭的复杂受力,所以理论计算比较复杂。本研究使用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对T形截面型钢混凝土柱的抗扭性能进行了数值模拟分析,并考虑混凝土塑性发展探讨不同轴压比与钢骨率对型钢混凝土T形截面柱延性与抗扭承载力的影响。利用已有的实验数据,建立构件的受压有限元模型,通过对比荷载-位移曲线验证有限元材料本构的有效性。建立三组模型分析不同轴压比与钢骨率对构件抗扭力学性能的影响,为今后型钢混凝土异形柱的应用提供参考。     

钢筋增强ECC梁受弯性能的试验及数值研究(英文)

为了研究钢筋增强ECC梁受弯性能,进行了钢筋增强ECC梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁受弯的对比研究.结果表明,相比普通钢筋混凝土梁,钢筋增强ECC梁的受弯承载力和延性分别提高了24.8%和187.76%,并且在梁中用ECC代替混凝土可有效延缓裂缝的发展.此外,采用简化的ECC本构模型对钢筋增强ECC及混凝土梁的受弯性能进行了非线性有限元分析,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,在服役期间钢筋增强ECC梁的裂缝可以控制在0.4 mm以下.ECC材料的使用可明显提高梁的抗弯承载力、变形能力、延性等受弯性能.