我国现代学徒制实践的困境、成因与进路

发展现代学徒制是提高技术技能人才培养的一项重要举措,是推动职业教育发展的必然选择。我国现代学徒制试点呈现出较为丰富实践样态,也为现代学徒制发展提供了中国方案,但在实践层面仍面临诸多困境。通过扎根理论研究发现,政府制度保障不健全、企业参与不足、职业院校治理能力孱弱、学徒认同度不高以及契约精神的缺失等问题成为阻碍现代学徒制实践的现实困境。由于现代学徒制存在多重制度逻辑制约而产生困境,破解现代学徒制实施困境在于构建多重制度逻辑共生的空间,“锚定共同价值目标,实现共同的利益”“推进制度匹配,完善制度体系”“多元主体协同,提升耦合性”。     

利益相关者视角下现代学徒制的思考

现代学徒制是多元利益主体参与的新型教育模式,政府、行业协会、企业和职业院校是现代学徒制的主要利益相关者。在现代学徒制校企共建的合作实践中,因各利益相关方不同的利益诉求而产生利益冲突,阻碍了现代学徒制的纵深发展。本文剖析不同主体的利益诉求和利益冲突,以马克思主义利益观为分析工具,探寻现代学徒制利益相关者合作困境的成因,进而提出合作共赢创新发展的三点思考,即决策主体的创新、激励机制的创新和价值取向的创新。     

中国特色现代学徒制的三维透视:内涵、困境及突破

现代学徒制是国际上职业教育发展的主导模式和基本趋势,也是产教融合的基本制度载体和有效实现形式。中国特色现代学徒制是一种"借鉴型"的职业教育人才培养模式,最鲜明的特征是校企"双主体"协作育人和学生—学徒"双重身份"交替出现,试行困境主要体现在政策解释、利益表达和考核评价等方面,实践突破需要政府、行业企业、职业院校、学生等利益相关者的集体行动。     

现代学徒制的实施困境与改进策略

现代学徒制试点是我国目前学校职业教育改革的重大尝试,其顺利实施促进了在校学生技能的有效提升、工作知识的有序获取。但是,当前学徒制的实施面临着企业的"冷"态度,学校的"低"水平,以及学生(学徒)的"高"要求等问题。走出现代学徒制的实施困境,需要从国家层面提升企业参与学徒制的积极性,职业院校层面提高办学水平,学徒层面稳固劳资关系。     

我国现代学徒制实施的或然症结与路径选择

<正>汤霓、王亚南、石伟平在《教育科学》2015年第5期中撰文,阐述了我国现代学徒制实施的利益主体及其诉求,分析了阻碍现代学徒制根植我国的四大或然结症,提出了我国现代学徒制实施的路径选择。现代学徒制的利益相关者是指任何能够影响现代学徒制的构建,或者因现代学徒制构建而受到影响的组织与个体。由于后者所指涉的范围过于庞大,因此在该文中作者主要分析前者。当前能够对现代学徒制的构建产生影响的主要利益主体有:企业、学生(家长)、职业院校、政府、企业师傅、行业组     

企业参与现代学徒制的实证研究

发展现代学徒制是推进我国经济转型发展、技术技能人才培养的重要举措。我国在推进现代学徒制建设的过程中,主要面临的困境是企业参与的积极性不高、参与的深度不够。当前,现代学徒制试点工作正在全国范围内展开,部分试点院校在开展现代学徒制的过程中积累了一定的成功经验 九江职业技术学院结合自身的办学特点,在充分考虑和论证的前提下,在现代学徒制办学方面做了许多有益的探索,主要包括：搭建校企联合管理平台、组建双导师队伍、校企共选学徒机制、校企共同开发课程以及构建合理的评价体系。当前,在现代学徒制试点方面还需要注意明晰企业参与现代学徒制办学的培养产权、构建学徒权益保障制度、构建企业权益保障制度等问题。     

政府责任:实现校企合作的必要条件——来自现代学徒制的启示

西方现代学徒制是促进青少年就业、培养高技能人才的重要途径;企业的积极参与、职业院校灵活的管理制度和政府的大力支持是现代学徒制有效实施的重要条件。文章借鉴现代学徒制,针对我国企业参与校企合作的积极性不高．再加上职业院校存在着诸多自身难以克服的问题,提出校企合作的有效实施特别需要政府出面承担重要责任。     

基于利益相关者理论的现代学徒制激励机制建设研究

学校、企业、教师、企业导师、学生和家长构成了现代学徒制的利益相关者。现代学徒制经过一段时间的建设,在激励机制建设方面仍存在较多不足。现代学徒制激励机制建设应遵循共性激励与个性激励相结合、物质激励与精神激励相结合、过程激励与成果激励相结合、个人激励与团队激励相结合的原则,从宏观与微观两个维度,从目标激励、物质激励、荣誉激励和情感激励等方面制定激励措施,充分调动利益相关者参与现代学徒制的积极性,推进现代学徒制实现可持续发展。     

分类管理制度视域下独立学院现实困境分析与破解之道

实行分类管理是我国全面深化民办教育领域综合改革的重大战略,也是我国民办高等教育持续稳定健康发展的现实需要。然而,在具体实践中我国独立学院面临着配套政策不完善、部分独立学院难以分类、过渡期与转设期存在冲突、退出机制不健全的现实困境。针对上述困境,建议相关行政部门从“突破制度藩篱,绘好精谨细腻‘工笔画’;主动担当作为,接好权力下放‘接力棒’;高位谋划推进,理顺‘转设’与‘分类’关系;健全退出机制,保全利益相关者权益”四重路径进行破解。     

奥地利联邦职业教育法(连载一)——联邦学徒职业教育法,2015年7月13日版

目前,我国正积极探索职业教育现代学徒制。2015年8月6日,教育部办公厅发布《关于公布首批现代学徒制试点单位的通知》,遴选165家单位作为首批现代学徒制试点单位和行业试点牵头单位,教育部将加大投入力度,通过财政资助、政府购买等措施,引导企业和职业院校积极开展现代学徒制试点。要求各地要"加强科学研究工作,坚持边试点边研究"。比较是一个重要的视角。学徒制需要怎样的顶层设计,具体如何操作?借鉴他国的经验,反观反思我国探索现代学徒制的环境、条件和制度设计,对现代学徒制在我国的顺利推进有着重要意义。教育部职业技术教育中心研究所副所长刘立新翻译了《奥地利联邦职业教育法——联邦学徒职业教育法》全文,向我们展示了奥地利关于企业实施学徒制职业教育的法律规范。全文共6万余字,本刊将分三期连载,以飨读者。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.