论创新教育中求能欲和创新欲的培养

本文论述了求能欲和创新欲的客现存在,是求知欲概念的深化和发展的产物。培养求能欲和创新欲是开展创新教育的基础工作。     

茬口对不同专用小麦品种产量及个体和群体生长动态的影响

在山西临汾建立了大豆、油葵、玉米和休闲4个茬口。对不同茬口下的8个不同专用小麦品种的产量及个体和群体发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明：产量性状适宜大豆茬口的品种1个，玉米茬口2个，油葵茬口3个，休闲茬口2个。8个品种在各茬口的平均产量以玉米茬最高5985．0kg／hm^2，大豆茬最低5602．5kg／hm^2。个体生长冬前表现较好的为油葵茬，拔节期表现较好的为玉米茬。不同茬口对同一品种的群体消长动态影响不同，不同品种间的群体消长动态存在差异。     

论建立求能欲概念和创新欲概念的必要性

对才能、智慧和新事物的需要和渴求是客观存在的。求能欲（益智兴趣）和创新欲（创造兴趣）在心理系统中已有准确的定位。求知欲、求能欲、创新欲之间是层次递进的相交关系。创新是时代的课题,创新能力可以培养也有必要培养。创造教育方兴未艾,培养创新欲的工作应贯穿教育的全过程。“求知欲”这个词不能直观、准确地反映求能欲和创新欲的客观现实,仅利用求知欲概念不便于指导和促进“激发求能欲和创新欲的工作”。故建立求能欲概念和创新欲概念很有必要。     

对你来说，时间是什么？

对农民来说,时间就是粮食。对工人来说,时间就是财富。对医生来说,时间就是生命。对战略家来说,时间就是胜利。对教育家来说,时间就是知识。对科学家来说,时间就是速度。对企业家来说,时间就是金钱。对我们大家来说,时间就是一切。因此,把握今天!现在就开始!每天都是一次新生。把握住它,好好生活。因为今天未逝时,明天已开始。     

Accountability and Student Learning

Holding teachers accountable for other people's (students) behavior is inappropriate policy that results in ineffective teaching, diminished enthusiasm for learning, and lower levels of achievement. There are both legal and psychological reasons for this. Making teachers responsible for students' behavior absolves students of responsibility for their own actions and develops an externalized locus of control in students that leads to teacher control and student dependence. Because every person is accountable for his or her own behavior but not for what other people do, teachers must be held accountable for what they do as teachers but not for what their students do as learners. Students are responsible for their own learning.     

司马迁为谁写《史记》

司马迁写《史记》不是适应西汉统治者"一统天下"的需要而为其做哲学和历史的解释。中国古代帝王"一统天下"后,没有必要也没有用著通史的形式做哲学和历史的解释;汉武帝也没有就"一统天下"提出解释的要求;司马迁父子写《史记》并不为"一统天下"做解释,其动因一是为天地良心所迫,为后世留传史料,二是为展示个人才华,立身扬名,为先祖争光。     

苏轼饮酒探因

苏轼酒量不大,但他常常饮酒,与酒结下了不解之缘。苏轼饮酒,是为解闷而饮,为适性而饮,为创作而饮,为治病而饮,为应酬而饮。     

论自然人都有民事责任能力

传统观点认为只有部分自然人有民事责任能力,和民事权利能力相冲突。自然人有无民事责任能力是考虑自然人有无行为能力的前提,有无行为能力是考虑自然人在过错责任原则下是否需要承担责任的前提。无责任能力的自然人基于衡平事由承担结果责任说明无责任能力的自然人是有民事责任能力的。传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”其实是自然人以自己的财产承担自己责任的条件,在自然人有民事责任能力的前提下才讨论传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”,是比民事责任能力低一个层次的问题。     

DISCRIMINATION AMONG INDIVIDUALS V. DISCRIMINATION AMONG GROUPS

Achievement tests are used for discrimination both among individuals and among classes. Item selection procedures which are recommended for constructing tests for individual differentiation may not be adequate for tests for discrimination among classes. It is suggested that the item intraclass correlation should be used as an index for item selection in tests designed for the measurement of class performance. An example is presented which shows that using the intraclass correlation for item selection yields different results than using item-test correlation coefficients.     

关中影戏的演出形态

关中影戏中的碗碗腔、老腔、弦板腔等已被列入“第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录”,根据田野调查结果,关中影戏的演出种类有庙会戏、还愿戏、驱邪戏、平安戏、山神戏、祈雨戏、丧戏、寿戏、满月戏,等;演出程序有奠酒、本戏、捎戏,等。     

增强思想政治教育艺术性的六维视角

思想政治教育是真善美对立统一的过程。思想政治教育需要增强思想政治教育的艺术性,从而不断推进思想政治教育的创新,更加充分地发挥其功能。为此,需要着眼全局,抓住关键要素,营造和谐的氛围,增强思想政治教育的融合性;架起心灵的桥梁,增强思想政治教育的互动性;引发理性的思考,增强思想政治教育的说服性;召唤情感的力量,增强思想政治教育的渗透性;发挥人格的魅力,增强思想政治教育的引导性;加强文化建设,增强思想政治教育的实效性。     

Education–occupation mismatch: Is there an income penalty?

This paper adds to the sparse literature on the consequences of education–occupation mismatches. It examines the income penalty for field of education–occupation mismatches for men and women with higher education degrees in Sweden and reveals that the penalty for such mismatches is large for both men and women. For mismatched men the income penalty is about twice as large as that found for US men, whereas for women the penalty is of about the same size as for US women. Controlling for cognitive ability further establishes that the income penalty is not caused by a sorting by ability, at least for Swedish men. The income penalty for men decreases with work experience, which is an indication that education-specific skills and work experience are substitutes to some extent.     

苏霍姆林斯基的创造教育思想

苏霍姆林斯基认为，学校进行创造教育的主要任务是培养多方面的天赋和才能，培养学生的创造品质。创造教育的基本内容有：创造意识教育、创造毅力教育、创造力培养、教会学生学习和世界观教育。上思维课、进行创造性劳动的、提供丰富多彩的精神生活以及发现和培养创造性教师，这是实施创造教育的主要途径和方法。     

动态可伸缩向量图的设计与实现

在对XML及SVG技术进行了研究和总结的基础上,设计了一个基于后台数据库进行动态SVG管理的应用.该应用通过程序在后台数据库数据和SVG的文本数据(XML数据)之间建立联系,实现了SVG图像基于后台数据库数据变化的动态管理.设计和实现结果表明:基于数据库实现Web上SVG图像的动态管理是可行的.     

COUNSELLING AND TOLERANCE

The author of this essay is the Minister for Education and Human Resources of Malta. It serves as a welcoming speech for the participants in the conference. The significance of 1995 as the International Year for Tolerance is outlined. The need for tolerance in all societies is explained as is the need for education for tolerance in schools.     

Community Childcare Providers’ Role in the Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders

The first few years of life represent a crucial period for optimal brain development for young children. Therefore, it is important to identify children at-risk for developmental delays, including autism spectrum disorders, at the earliest age possible. An argument for utilizing community childcare providers for universal developmental screening is presented along with suggestions for assessment tool selection and a model for developmental monitoring in community childcare settings.     

An investigation of the Iowa tests of basic skills for sex bias: A developmental look

Results of the Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Mathematics Concepts subtests for third-, sixth-, and eighth-grade students who took Form 5 of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills in the 1976 school year were analyzed for sex bias. Statistical significance was found for each subtest for all of the grade levels. Follow-up analyses considered skill classification, sex-stereotypicalness, and item location of the items contributing to the statistical significance. No trends for these factors were found within each grade level for the four subtests considered. For all subtests, fewer items are identified at the third-grade level than for sixth or eighth grade, and these items, in general, favored boys. For the older students, when items are found to function differently for boys and girls, nearly half favor each sex. On the whole, little evidence for sex bias was found for the four subtests and three grade levels examined.     

论会计诚信促进机制

会计诚信是我国市场经济健康运行的基本保障，是会计行业发展的奠基石，是会计从业人员的安身立命之本。建立和完善会计诚信教育机制、会计诚信法律机制、会计诚信激励制约机制、会计诚信的评价机制和会计诚信的内控机制等在内的会计诚信促进机制，是当前我国会计诚信建设的有效手段。     

汉武帝《轮台诏》并非罪己诏

为了保证征伐匈奴的军队顺利通过车师一带,武帝派遣开陵侯成娩攻击车师,取得重大胜利。随后,搜粟都尉桑弘羊等人向汉武帝提出在轮台、渠犁实行大规模屯田,来巩固汉朝在西域的战果。汉武帝下了一道《轮台诏》,否决了此项建议。这道诏书被称为“罪己诏”或者“轮台罪己诏”,意谓汉武帝在这道诏书中承认自己过去所犯的种种错误,勇于自责,痛改前非。我们认为,把《轮台诏》称为罪己诏是不准确的。从《轮台诏》的内容看,这是武帝针对西域有关具体问题尤其是轮台屯垦一事做出回答的诏书。在诏书中,武帝没有表现出对过去穷兵黩武的悔悟,也没有反思自己一生过失,与罪己诏的差别很大。从《轮台诏》后的政策实践看,汉朝没有由此俨武休兵,仍然执行对外积极用兵的政策,只是规模略小。同时根据形势需要也重视农业生产。从《轮台诏》变成罪己诏的历史过程看,由于班固等历史学家自觉发挥史鉴作用,《轮台诏》被赋予悔过的色彩;由于杨万里等文人在诗文中运用典故,《轮台诏》最终变成了罪己诏。     

Emotional Education for University Students

In this article I define, describe, and give a rationale of psychoeducational groups for university and college students. I also provide examples of psychoeducational groups for university survival and retention and career exploration and for theme groups for lonely students and for those with disabilities. Finally, I discuss four key elements important for conducting such groups.