中职学校德育导师制的实践困境及对策

近年来,德育导师制成为中小学德育工作的新模式,在各级各类学校都有推广,中职学校也不例外。《浙江省教育厅关于在全省中小学生实施“德育导师制”的指导意见》指出,德育导师制是“新形势新任务下的一种德育制度创新,强调以德育回归生活,关注学生生命成长为理念,通过构建学校教学与德育一体化的管理机制,使学校德育工作更加贴近学生学习与生活,学生的知识建构与道德成长同步发展”。德育导师制的实行,给德育工作带来了新的活力。     

我国德育导师制研究综述

“德育导师制”是受“导师制”启发,在我国中小学德育工作中逐步探索、实施的一种德育方法和理念,是学校班主任工作必要而有效的补充.关于德育导师制的相关研究虽已有所进展且逐见成效,但研究内容略显单薄、方法比较单一、视野有待拓宽.研究者需要既向上寻求更深层次的理论根基,又向下广泛开展实践探究,进一步丰富相关研究内容、创新研究方法、拓宽研究视野,方能进一步推广完善德育导师制这一德育工作新机制.     

高中德育工作实施“德育导师制”的探索

品德教育是教育的重要组成部分,旨在引导学生树立正确的价值观和人生观,培养良好的道德品质和行为习惯。拥有良好德行的人更有利于社会主义事业的发展,德育对学生的未来发展有着深远的影响和重要意义,因而高中教育期间,也需要积极优化德育工作模式,培养全面发展的人才。通过分析“德育导师制”的内涵和意义,进而思考在高中德育工作实施“德育导师制”模式的必要性,最后对高中教师如何落实“德育导师制”进行探索与实践。     

“德育导师制”背景下高中德育工作模式的探索与实践

以德立身,泽己及人;以德施教,利在千秋。高中德育工作的有效落实,有助于学生树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观,树立远大的理想信念,养成良好的个人品德,是立德树人的重要路径。而“德育导师制”思维在高中德育工作模式的优化中发挥着巨大影响,对高中德育工作的落实有极高促进意义。因而,文章基于“德育导师制”背景,论述探索高中德育实践策略与工作模式,以期使学校和教师正视“德育导师制”优点,用好“德育导师制”,切实完善高中德育工作。     

试论德育导师制下的高职院校德育实践———以大同煤炭职业技术学院为例

本文在研究高职院校德育导师制产生的背景下,阐述了高职院校德育导师制的内涵,并以大同煤炭职业技术学院实施德育导师制为案例,详细陈述了实施策略、内容和实施成效,为相关院校的德育工作提供了参考。     

润物细无声——德育导师制的实践与心得

中等职业学校生源素质的下降使得中职学校的德育与学生工作面临很大的困难。采取人性化管理方式是现代教育管理的一个大趋势。我校自2012年9月实施德育导师制以来,学生管理和德育工作得到了很大的改善与提升。我校的德育导师制因此成为中等职业院校实施德育导师制的一个有益尝试。本文结合本校的实施实践,从实施德育导师制的必要性、具体运用以及所取得的成效这三个方面来展开论述。     

关于德育导师制的几点思考

本文谈了对德育导师制的认识,深入探讨了实施德育导师制的重要意义,对如何进一步完善和落实德育导师制提出了自己的建议。     

中小学德育导师制面临的困境及对策

作为一种新的德育模式,德育导师制已被当下越来越多的中小学校践行。在实践中,德育导师制面临角色缺乏认同感、成就感、幸福感与归属感等困境。实施德育导师动态化、班科联席制、聘任德育导师多元化、建立德育导师长效机制以及创新德育导师工作载体,是德育导师制发展的重要策略。     

探讨德育资源优化配置与整合利用的新模式——关于德育导师制的思考

“德育导师制”是近年来对当前德育工作所存在的一些问题进行深度思考后,探索和实践的一条改革学校德育工作的新思路,是一种新型的有利于德育资源优化配置与整合利用的德育模式,其实施增强了德育的实效性。     

实施学生宿舍导师制的几点经验

学生宿舍导师制开辟了德育工作的新阵地,是建立“大德育”工作机制的重要举措。该文全面总结了生命科学学院实施学生宿舍导师制的经验,认为各级领导的高度重视、认真选拔和配备宿舍导师、建立和健全相关制度、不断拓展工作内容和渠道、以及各部门的密切配合和相互交流是学生宿舍导师制得以顺利实施的重要保证,提出要立足于不断变化着的德育现实,继续探索学生宿舍导师制工作的新方法、新途径,开创生科院德育工作的新局面。     

Responsibilising parents: the nudge towards shadow tutoring

This article considers moral agendas projected onto parents that mobilise them to supplement school literacy education with private tutoring. The theoretical frame draws on the concepts of responsibilisation as emerging market-embedded morality, ‘nudge’ social policies, edu-business and hidden privatisation in education. This framing is applied to two empirical moments: firstly, debates around the Australian government’s ‘Tutorial Voucher Initiative’ of 2004; and secondly, tutoring advertisements and items in school newsletters collected in early 2016. In the first moment, parents were somewhat reluctant to take up free supplementary tutoring; in the second, private literacy tutoring is increasingly normalised and legitimated as parents are nudged to supplement the work of the school.     

“三结合整合式”教学模式与当前中小学德育课程整合初探

当前中小学德育存在德育地位边缘化、德育课程知识化、德育内容泛政治化、德育方式规训化等问题。以建构主义和人本主义学习理论为理论基础的＂三结合整合式＂教学模式,是指将知识积累与价值观养成相结合、课堂和社会实践相结合、授导与自主学习相结合,并且将传统课堂教学、网络平台上自主探究和任务驱动下的社会实践活动融合为一体的完整教学模式。该模式通过根据实际积极开拓教学实践体系、鼓励学生自主学习、利用网络教学平台等具体措施与当前中小学德育课程进行整合。     

中学生课外补习时间投入对学业成绩的影响——基于PISA2015我国四省市数据的实证研究

基于PISA2015中国四省市数据,采用多层线性模型,研究中学生各科课外补习时间投入对学业成绩的影响效应.研究发现:课外补习时间与学业成绩之间存在先降后升的非线性关系,表明学科补习具有门槛效应,当补习时间超出某个阈值,学业成绩才会出现质的提升;数学补习时间投入差异扩大了不同家庭背景学生间数学成绩的差距,会造成教育结果的不均等;校内课程时间对学生成绩的影响呈先升后降的非线性关系,相较于补习时间,校内课程时间能更有效地提升学生成绩.因此,中学生及家长应基于实际的补习需求,合理投入补习时间;学校应保证学生校内课程学习时间,发挥学校教育的主导作用;政府应重视课外补习对教育公平的冲击,加强对校外培训机构的监管,还要为经济困难家庭学生提供必要的课外补习机会,缩小因课外补习带来的教育结果不均等,努力促进校内外教育公平.     

Shadow education: patterns and scale of private supplementary tutoring in English in secondary education at urban Dhaka in Bangladesh

Private supplementary tutoring with an additional fee is generally called shadow education, and this has become a common phenomenon in urban Dhaka, where patterns and scale of tutoring in English have been remarkable in recent years. This study used a mixed-methods approach that included quantitative and qualitative data collected from a survey and individual interview. Tutoring in English has been a regular feature of the teaching profession in this urban area. The paper examines various patterns of private tutoring in English and focuses on the amount of tutoring, including the tutoring received and not received by students in urban Dhaka. It shows the variations of scale regarding tutoring in English between male and female students. The study also identifies different types of private tutors who deliver supplementary tutoring. Finally, the choices pupils make regarding their evaluation on the effectiveness of shapes of tutoring in English are discussed.     

Expansion and effectiveness of private tutoring

Private paid tutoring is one of the most common approaches of remedial instruction to improve school performance of poorly performing pupils. The expansion of private tutoring was affirmed in a study with 904 pupils in Luxembourg. 23% of the participants reported that they receive tutoring at present, mainly in the subject matter of Mathematics. Theoretical considerations suggest the effectiveness of private tutoring in promoting school performance by an improvement in cognitive and motivational variables and a higher amount of time spent on task. However, appropriate evaluation studies are lacking. In an empirical study the effectiveness of tutoring is evaluated in a prepost-control-group-design. One group (N=122) received private tutoring over a period of nine months and was compared to a non-tutoring control group (N=122). These results indicate that receiving tutoring leads to a larger improvement in school performance and motivational variables. Directions for further research and practical implications are discussed.     

Peer tutoring for college students with learning disabilities: perceptions of tutors and tutees

Peer tutoring is a commonly provided support service for students with learning disabilities (LD) in institutions of higher education. A large-scale survey was conducted to evaluate the PERACH peer tutoring project for students with LD at 25 universities, regional colleges, and teacher training colleges in Israel. The purpose of the study was to understand the tutoring process from the point of view of both tutees and tutors with respect to 5 main areas: tutees' needs, focus of tutoring activities, difficulties surrounding the tutoring endeavor, importance of similar study experiences, and satisfaction with the project. It is our supposition that major discrepancies in perceptions are likely to undermine the effectiveness of the tutoring. Similarities and differences in perceptions were identified, and implications that can be useful in guiding service providers are discussed.     

A cross-national analysis of the student- and school-level factors affecting the demand for private tutoring

Private tutoring has become a worldwide phenomenon, yet there is little empirical evidence for the main factors leading the demand for private tutoring across nations. Using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study of 2003, this study classified the countries into four different groups according to the proportion of student participation in private tutoring and student achievement. Then, the study explored student- and school-level factors influencing the demand for private tutoring. From the HGLM analysis, the results revealed that the demand for private tutoring in Korea and Taiwan, which have higher participation rates in private tutoring and high-school-quality levels, is mostly explained by student-level variables (educational aspirations, instrumental motivation, self-confidence, and father’s education) and school context variables (the community size and school SES). Meanwhile, the demand for private tutoring in the Philippines and Romania, both of which have high incidences of private tutoring and low-school-quality levels, varies widely among schools, and many of the school process variables (e.g., the use of remedial classes, amount of school homework, frequency of tests, and the use of grouping by ability) account for the relationships with private tutoring.     

智能教学系统支持英语学习的案例研究

在阐述智能教学系统及其组成架构的基础上,结合PIMS移动智能教学系统支持英语学习的个案,介绍了PIMS系统框架及其在教学中的应用,认为案例具有重视学生初始学习能力的评估、动态生成适应性学习内容、动态调整学习策略、关注智能教学系统的教学应用及其效果等优点,同时提出PIMS智能教学系统进一步研究的建议。     

韩国补课如何影响数学成绩？——基于TIMSS 2019数据的双层线性模型分析

韩国中小学生普遍补课,背后的关键假设是补课有利于提高学习成绩,但是补课和成绩的关系究竟如何,目前尚无定论。此外,补课的作用可能因条件而异,有必要更加细致地考察补课对不同群体的作用。本研究基于“国际大型数学与科学趋势研究”（TIMSS）2019八年级测评数据,采用双层次线性模型进行分析,发现韩国八年级学生补课时间越长,数学成绩就越好。在此基础上,如果学生所在学校平均补课时间长,学生成绩将额外增加;这种作用可被该校学生的整体家境组成所部分解释。学生补课时长与成绩的关系既不因学校而异,也不因其学业水平的高低而异;但是学生家庭经济与文化资本越薄弱,补课久与成绩提升的关系越大。本研究还发现,校内数学教师的教学水平能够在一定程度上中和补课与成绩的关系,但是这种作用比较有限。韩国已然形成补课主导的教育生态,补课对成绩有顽强的预测力,其背后反映的是学生与家长在学业竞争中胜出的需求无法在公办教育中得到满足;反过来,韩国的补课市场提供了更加多元化、个性化的教育。     

Intensity and content of private tutoring lessons during German secondary schooling: effects on students’ grades and test achievement

Private supplementary tutoring is a widespread phenomenon. However, evidence that private tutoring has positive effects on academic achievement or about the specific conditions of successful private tutoring is rare. Adapting Carroll’s (1963) model for school learning to private tutoring, we expected to find positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, and students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. In a sample of eighth-grade students in German secondary schools (N = 8510, 18.6% currently being tutored), we conducted regression analyses with multiple covariates and did not find a positive main effect of private tutoring attendance in any of the school subjects examined. Moreover, within the subsamples of tutored students, we were not able to identify positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, tutoring content (such as a focus on homework completion, test preparation, or study behavior), or students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. Given these disillusioning findings, we primarily derive suggestions for future research.