Sliding-mode observers for systems with unknown inputs and measurement disturbances

The method to design sliding-mode observers for systems with unknown inputs and measurement disturbances is presented in the paper. An augmented system is constructed by viewing the measurement disturbances as unknow inputs. For such an augmented system, the so-called observer matching condition is not satisfied. Based on the construction of auxiliary outputs, the observer matching condition may be satisfied. High-order sliding-mode differentiators are developed to obtain the estimates of those unmeasurable variables contained in the auxiliary output vector. Employing the estimate of auxiliary output vector, a sliding-mode observer is designed. The simulation results to a real model show that the proposed method is effective.     

Reduced Expanding Load Method for Simulation-Based Structural System Reliability Analysis

The current situation and difficulties of the structural system reliability analysis are mentioned. Then on the basis of Monte Carlo method and computer simulation, a new analysis method reduced expanding load method (RELM) is presented, which can be used to solve structural reliability problems effectively and conveniently. In this method, the uncertainties of loads, structural material properties and dimensions can be fully considered. If the statistic parameters of stochastic variables are known, by using this method, the probability of failure can be estimated rather accurately. In contrast with traditional approaebes,RELM method gives a much better understanding of structural failure frequency and its reliability index β is more meaningful. To illustrate this new idea, a specific example is given.     

Application of formal safety assessment in planning VTS

To ensure that limited resources are allocated more effectively to reduce marine risks, formal safety assessment (FSA), a proactive method, is introduced in planning a vessel traffic system (VTS). Based on the data of Wuhan port, some new solutions based on risk-indices are put forward. The weighted number of traffic accidents is predicted after the future weighted vessel traffic volume is estimated by analyzing the trend of trade development. To analyze risk acceptability, the as-low-as-reasonably-practicable (ALARP) matrix is transformed into a new model containing two parameters: the future weighted vessel traffic volume and the future weighted number of traffic accidents. The new risk control options (RCOs)can be identified by a revised Domino model with several feedback loops from all system levels to close a limited window of accident opportunity. The results indicate that the four most beneficial RCOs are a wider sub-area 1 channel, a VTS bridges area, a dredging sub-area 2 main route, and a VTS QSX anchorage to the 3rd bridge. The FSA is a method that is effective in evaluating the rationality, necessity and cost-effectiveness of VTS projects.     

Multi-physics coupling field finite element analysis on giant magnetostrictive materials smart component

This study presents a new method to solve the difficult problem of precise machining a non-cylinder pinhole of a piston using embedded giant magnetostrictive material （GMM） in the component. We propose the finite element model of GMM smart component in electric, magnetic, and mechanical fields by step computation to optimize the design of GMM smart component. The proposed model is implemented by using COMSOL multi-physics V3.2a. The effects of the smart component on the deformation and the system resonance frequencies are studied. The results calculated by the model are in excellent agreement （relative errors are below 10%） with the experimental values.     

Outlier Detection in Near Infra-Red Spectra with Self-Organizing Map

A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e. g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.     

Optimizing Earth Allocation for Rock-Fill Dam Construction

An optimal allocation of earth is of great significance to reduce the project cost and duration in the construction of rock-fill dams. The earth allocation is a dynamic system affected by various time-space constraints. Based on previous studies, a new method of optimizing this dynamic system as a static one is presented. In order to build a generalized and flexible model of the problem, some man-made constraints were investigated in building the mathematic model. Linear programming and simplex method are introduced to solve the optimization problem of earth allocation. A case study in a large-scale rock-fill dam construction project is presented to demonstrate the proposed method and its successful application shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.     

LS-SVM model based nonlinear predictive control for MCFC system

This paper describes a nonlinear model predictive controller for regulating a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). In order to improve MCFC’s generating performance, prolong its life and guarantee safety, it must be controlled efficiently. First, the output voltage of an MCFC stack is identified by a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method with radial basis function (RBF) kernel so as to implement nonlinear predictive control. And then, the optimal control sequences are obtained by applying genetic algorithm (GA). The model and controller have been realized in the MATLAB environment. Simulation results indicated that the proposed controller exhibits satisfying control effect.     

On the Relationship between the Original and the Translated Version——The Interpretation of Benjamin's Three Metaphors

This paper explores the relationship between the original and its translation by interpreting Benjamin’s three metaphors from his The Translator’s Task. The exploration starts with the metaphor of“the tangent of a circle”,where it is interpreted that although the translated version should be faithful to its original in terms of meaning,yet it is a deviation due to different internal and external factors. Then,in the metaphor of“afterlife”,the discussion demonstrates that the translated version proceeds from the original,but the original depends on it for its survival and afterlife in different eras. Later,based on the metaphor of“fragments of a vessel”,the author states that the original and its translation are equal and complementary,just like the fragments of a vessel,responsible for the development and renewal of each other through translation. Finally,it is concluded that a better understanding of their relationship can offer us a new perspective in translation studies and practice.     

Artificial Neural Network Model for Optical Fiber Direction Coupler Design

A new approach to the design of the optical fiber direction coupler by using neural network is proposed. To train the artificial neural network, the coupling length is defined as the input sample, and the coupling ratio is defined as the output sample. Compared with the numerical value calculation of the theoretical formula, the error of the neural network model output is 1% less. Then, through the model, to design a broadband or a single wavelength optical fiber direction coupler becomes easy. The method is proved to be reliable, accurate and time-saving. So it is promising in the field of both investigation and application.     

Reconstruction of Novel Viewpoint lmage Using GRNN

A neural-statistical approach to the reconstruction of novel viewpoint image general regression neural networks(GRNN) is presented.Different color value will be obtained by watching the same surface point of an abject from different viewpoints due to specular reflection,and the difference is related to the position of viewpoint.The relationship between the position of vewpoint and the color of image is non-linear,neural network is introduced to make curve fitting,where the inputs of neural network are only a few calibrated images with obvious specular reflection.By training the neural network,network model is obtained.By inputing an arbitrary virtual viewpoint to the model,the image of the virtual viewpoint can be computed.By using the method presented here,novel viewpoint image with photo-realistic property can be obtained,especially images with obvious specular reflection can accurately be generated.The method is an image-based rendering method,geometric model of the scene and position of lighting are not needed.     

立足区域经济 办出高职特色

高职教育要办出特色必须深深植根区域经济，在为区域经济发展服务中，建立紧紧依靠行业、企业办学的机制，形成产学结合的人才培养新模式。     

电大教育发展与公共服务体系建设之我见

远程教育公共服务体系是一种新兴的教育服务模式,其发展与建设关系到电大教育的办学地位、办学功能、学校定位、学校特色与发展走向.正确认识和处理电大发展与公共服务体系建设两者的关系,基本的是主体性与开放性的关系;认识电大系统与公共服务体系两者的联系和区别;地方电大对于自身发展、对公共服务体系实行的是一种分散性决策.论及奥鹏公共服务体系与其他公共服务体系之间的关系和差异化的问题.     

从生态环境视角探析湖南广电的市场运作

将湖南广电的市场运作置于生态学的生态环境视角之下进行考察和分析可以发现：在制度生态因子方面,需要通过制播分离改革恢复广电生态系统中各归其位、各司其职的正常结构;在经济生态因子方面,需要减轻“食物链”中对广告的依赖,在产业链中丰富盈利模式;在文化生态因子方面,需要加大文化输出步伐,维护广电生态系统的动态平衡;在技术生态因...     

基于神经网络预报的动态矩阵预测控制

提出了一种基于径向基神经网络预报的动态矩阵预测控制新算法，在该算法中，先用RBF神经网络辨识对象模型，同时预测对象的未来输出，然后用动态矩阵控制算法进行滚动优化和反馈校正。该方法解决了非线性、时变对象难以建模的问题，仿真结果验证了这一新型算法的可行性。     

电池储能技术在可再生能源电站并网中的应用综述

与常规能源电站不同,可再生能源电站的出力具有间歇性和波动性,其大规模并网将对电网产生一系列的负面影响。文章在现有研究成果的基础上,总结了主流电池技术的特性,以及电池储能系统BESS在可再生能源电站并网中的应用现状,并对其应用前景和进一步的研究工作进行了展望。研究表明：电池储能系统可显著改善可再生能源电力固有的间歇性,实现对可再生能源电力的有效调度,且能平滑可再生能源发电系统的功率波动,降低其对电能质量和电网稳定运行的不利影响。因此,BESS具有广阔的应用前景,应继续加强对降低电池成本以及大型电池储能系统的集成、运行技术等的相关研究。     

基于多体动力学的发动机稳态工况动态转矩计算

理论分析发动机转矩波动产生机理,通过有限元分析得到离散化曲轴模型,建立了滑动轴承动态接触数学模型;协同各子部件间动力学关系,考虑燃气压力、变惯性力等激励载荷,在ADAMS中建立发动机曲轴连杆机构多体动力学模型,仿真计算发动机不同稳态工况下动态转矩,研究曲轴弹性、滑动轴承弹性支承、输出转速等对发动机输出动态转矩的影响。通过试验对比和简谐分析,表明了仿真方法的可行性和准确性,为车辆动力传动系统的扭振分析提供激励条件。     

油田产量构成二层规划模型及其应用

利用神经网络方法建立了采油厂的各开发指标与其影响因素的关联关系,然后把石油公司看成一个具有递阶性的二层系统,应用二层规划理论建立了油田产量构成二层规划模型。实例表明这种油田产量规划方法更具有合理性、实用性和科学性,可以使油田开发规划更适应开发和经济的发展,使其实现稳产、可持续性发展和更大的经济效益。     

社会支持视角:城巿贫困女性再就业培训研究

社会支持在社会转型的背景下出现了许多新变化。传统的以血缘为核心、家庭为纽带呈"差序格局"分布的私人性支持和以"单位制"为载体的国家支持体系相结合的支持系统在社会中的作用逐渐式微。中国出现了贫困女性化现象,而就业是解决贫困问题的最终手段。再就业培训是城市贫困女性接受社会支持的重要方面。应将培训视为积极的社会政策,将贫困女性视为一种人力资本,培训是提升贫困女性社会资本的投资。目前培训中存在着机会不平等、性别不平等、培训达不到预期目的等问题。为此,应建立就业培训信息网络,提高培训质量,形成社会化的培训网络,使城市贫困女性从被动接受社会保障津贴者转变为通过劳动获得收入的社会参与者。     

内圆磨床传动系统的动力特性分析

基于Riccati传递矩阵法建立了内圆磨床传动系统的动力学模型 .由模态柔度和弹性分布率的计算 ,分析了原内圆磨床传动系统的动态特性 ,应用动柔度与模态柔度的关系 ,找出传动系统的危险模态及其该模态上的薄弱环节 ,提出了结构修改方案 ,避免了参数调整的盲目性 ,并预测了其动态性能 ,在内圆磨床传动系统设计中得到了有效的应用     

技术创新能力与R＆D投入关系——基于安徽制造业行业数据的实证研究

在有关企业技术创新能力的应用研究中,现有的文献通常用创新投入能力或创新产出能力作为技术创新能力的衡量指标。实际上,技术创新能力应该是创新费用支出结构、创新费用来源、创新研发主体、创新产品销售和自主品牌拥有等各方面能力的综合。首先,基于安徽省创新调查汇总表（2004—2006）的制造业行业数据,运用因子分析方法构建技术创新能力评价指标体系,并得出每个样本的综合得分作为技术创新能力的衡量指标;其次,通过回归分析得出了技术创新能力和投入之间的因果关系：R＆D投入是形成创新能力的原因,创新能力是R＆D投入的结果。