Leader-following consensus for multi-agent systems with actuator faults via adaptive event-triggered control

In this paper, the leader-following consensus problem is investigated by event-triggered control for multi-agent systems subject to time-varying actuator faults. Firstly, for a case of the leader without control input, a distributed event-triggered fault-tolerant protocol is proposed with the help of adaptive gains. Secondly, the proposed protocol is developed by an auxiliary nonlinear function to compensate the effect of the leader’s unknown bounded input. It is shown that under the both obtained protocols the tracking errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood around the origin, meanwhile the Zeno behavior is avoided. Moreover, the protocols are fully distributed in sense that any global information associated with the network is no longer utilized. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the obtained protocols.     

Leader-following consensus of semi-Markov jump nonlinear multi-agent systems under hybrid cyber-attacks

In this paper, the leader-following consensus issue is investigated for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems with semi-Markov parameters subject to hybrid cyber-attacks. A semi-Markov chain is adopted to describe the variation of switching topologies caused by the complexity of the environment and makes the studied problem more general. Hybrid cyber-attacks consisting of denial-of-service attacks and deception attacks are described with the help of two groups of Bernoulli sequences which are assumed to be independent of each other. On this basis, a sufficient condition for the stability of the consensus error system is established by using linear matrix inequality techniques. Finally, the validity of the results obtained is verified by two numerical examples.     

Reliable consensus control for semi-Markov jump multi-agent systems: A leader-following strategy

This paper is devoted to the reliable leader-following consensus realization for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. The parameters of every agent are assumed to encounter sudden changes, which are governed by a semi-Markov process. A control protocol which possesses the performance of resisting actuator faults is employed for ensuring the reliable leader-following consensus and an analysis result is established by using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method. Then an easy-to-implement condition is proposed for the issue of leader-following reliable consensus realization. If the condition is satisfied, the desired controller gain can be obtained via the numerical solutions of a set of linear matrix inequalities. At last, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is well explained by an illustrated example.     

Leader-following successive lag consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems via observer-based event-triggered control

This article investigates the leader-following successive lag consensus (SLC) for nonlinear multi-agent systems (NMASs) via the observer-based event-triggered control (OBETC), in which two scenarios including constant consensus delay and time-varying consensus delay are considered. Since the system states might not be directly available in actual scenes, the state estimation method is utilized for followers to track their full information. Based on the relative state, a class of distributed event-triggered control protocols is constructed, where the event-triggered strategy is introduced such that each follower can determine the broadcasting time to its neighbors. Obviously, these designed control protocols considerably lessen the expense over communication networks and the frequency of protocol updates. Furthermore, with the aid of the Lyapunov function method, a series of sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the leader-following SLC of NMASs is obtained. Meanwhile, it is proved that no Zeno behavior is exhibited. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the validity of our theoretical results.     

Distributed event-triggered adaptive finite-time consensus control for second-order multi-agent systems with connectivity preservation

In this paper, we consider the robust finite-time consensus problem for second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with limited sensing range and weak communication ability. As a stepping stone, a novel distributed finite-time sliding mode manifold is developed for MASs. Then, by combining artificial potential function technique with the presented sliding mode manifold, a robust distributed control scheme is proposed to enable the finite-time consensus of MASs while preserving the prescribed communication connectivity. Furthermore, the sampling frequency and implementation burden of the proposed controller can be reduced with resort to the event-triggered methodology. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Predefined-time practical consensus for multi-agent systems via event-triggered control

This paper studies the predefined-time practical consensus problem for multiple single-integrator systems through event-triggered control. A new kind of time-varying functions is firstly proposed. Then, new event-triggered control inputs as well as triggering conditions are designed on the basis of the time-varying function and the local broadcasted states. In particular, the control scheme is fully-distributed because no global information of the system and the communication topology is needed. Furthermore, the consensus analysis is presented based on a sufficient condition for predefined-time practical stability. It illustrates that practical consensus can be ensured with a completely pre-specified time. Besides, the exclusion of Zeno behavior at all the time instants is addressed. Numerical results verify the validity of the obtained control method.     

Global adaptive fuzzy consensus control of nonlinear multi-agent systems via distributed event-triggered communication

This paper investigates globally bounded consensus of leader-following multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics and external disturbance via adaptive event-triggered fuzzy control. Different from existing works where filtering and backstepping techniques are applied to design controllers and event-triggered conditions, a matrix inequality is established to obtain the feedback gain matrix and event-triggered functions. To save communication resources, a new distributed event-triggered controller with fully discontinuous communication among following agents is designed. Meanwhile, a strictly positive minimum of inter-event time is provided to exclude Zeno behavior. Furthermore, to achieve globally bounded leader-following consensus, an adaptive fuzzy approximator and a parameter estimator are designed to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics and parameters, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via a simulation example.     

Leader-following consensus control of multiple nonholomomic mobile robots: An iterative learning adaptive control scheme

In this paper, the distributed iterative learning control for nonholonomic mobile robots with a time-varying reference is investigated, in which the mobile robots are with parametric uncertainties and are not fully actuated. Besides, the control gains of mobile robots are unknown. The leader is with a time-varying reference trajectory, and there is no need to assume that the time-varying reference is linearly parameterized by a set of known functions. A distributed control scheme is designed for each mobile robot based on a set of local compensatory filters designed by its neighborhood information. Stability analysis is established through a set of composite energy function. The uniform convergence of the consensus errors can be guaranteed. An example is given to show that our designed control law is effective.     

Leader-following fixed-time quantized consensus of multi-agent systems via impulsive control

In this paper, we mainly tend to consider distributed leader-following fixed-time quantized consensus problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems via impulsive control. An appropriate quantized criterion and some novel control protocols are proposed in order to solve the problem. The protocols proposed integrates the two control strategies from the point of view of reducing communication costs and constraints, which are quantized control and impulsive control. The fixed-time quantized consensus of multi-agent is analyzed in terms of algebraic graph theory, Lyapunov theory and comparison system theory, average impulsive interval. The results show that if some sufficient conditions are met, the fixed-time consensus of multi-agent systems can be guaranteed under impulsive control with quantized relative state measurements. In addition, compared with finite-time consensus, the settling-time of fixed-time quantized consensus does not depend on the initial conditions of each agent but on the parameters of the protocol. Finally, numerical simulations are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness and performance to support our theoretical analysis.     

Leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with jointly connected topology using distributed adaptive protocols

The leader-following consensus problems for multi-agent systems with a linear and Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics are considered. Distributed adaptive protocols and Lipschitz distributed adaptive protocols are respectively designed for the linear and Lipschitz nonlinear cases, under which leader-following consensus is reached for jointly connected topology. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Distributed impulsive control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems based on event-triggered scheme

In this paper, the distributed impulsive control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems based on event-triggered approach is investigated. According to whether the information transfer of the dynamic compensator is continuous or not, two different kinds of impulsive controllers are designed, respectively. Based on these two kinds of controllers, the corresponding distributed event-triggered conditions are provided, which make the impulsive instants of all agents do not need occur simultaneously. Moreover, the lower bound of impulsive intervals can also be guaranteed for all the event-triggered conditions, which means that the control schemes given in this paper can avoid the Zeno-behavior successfully. Eventually, a simulation example is proposed to support the effectiveness of the results obtained in this paper.     

Distributed adaptive event-triggered protocol for tracking control of leader-following multi-agent systems

A novel adaptive event-triggered control protocol is developed to investigate the tracking control problem of multi-agent systems with general linear dynamics. By introducing the event-triggered control strategy, each agent can decide when to transfer its state to its neighbors at its own triggering instants, which can greatly reduce communication burden of agents. It is shown that the “Zeno phenomenon” does not occur by verifying that there exists a positive lower bound on the inter-event time intervals of agents under the proposed adaptive event-triggered control algorithm. Finally, an example is provided to testify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.     

Fixed-time bipartite consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems using event-triggered control design

This paper focuses on designing a leader-following event-triggered control scheme for a category of multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics and signed graph topology. First, an event-triggered controller is proposed for each agent to achieve fixed-time bipartite consensus. Then, it is shown that the Zeno-behavior is rejected in the proposed algorithm. To avoid intensive chattering due to the discontinuous controller, the control protocol is improved by estimating the sign function. Moreover, a triggering function is proposed which avoids continuous communication in the event-based strategy. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the accuracy of the theoretical results.     

Distributed dynamic event-triggered consensus control for multi-agent systems under fixed and switching topologies

This paper is devoted to the dynamic event-triggered consensus problem of general linear multi-agent systems under fixed and switching directed topologies. Two distributed dynamic event-triggered strategies, where internal dynamic variables are involved, are introduced for each agent to achieve consensus asymptotically. Compared with the existing static triggering strategies, the purposed dynamic triggering strategies result in larger inter-execution times and less communication energy among agents. In addition, neither controller updates nor triggering threshold detections require continuous communication in the purposed control strategies. It is also proven that the Zeno behavior is strictly ruled out under fixed and switching directed topologies. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is demonstrated by numerical simulations.     

Leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with limited data rate

This paper investigates the leader-following consensus problem of time-invariant linear multi-agent systems with limited data rate. Based on the idea of assigning a priority level for each agent of the concerned multi-agent system, a novel distributed control law has been proposed. The proposed control law has two distinctive advantages. That is, it is fully distributed in the sense that it does not rely on the eigenvalues of the Laplace matrix associated with the topology. Moreover, the required data rate is independent of the number of agents and remains small even if the number of the agents in multi-agent systems is large. An example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Dynamic event-triggered leader-following consensus control of a class of linear multi-agent systems

We address the leader-following tracking consensus issue for a class of linear multi-agent systems (MASs) via dynamic event-triggered (DET) approaches in this paper. The DET communication mechanism is introduced by an additional internal dynamic variable, and is developed to schedule agents’ data transmission. State observers are also employed to tackle the scenario wherein inner information of follower agents are not available for measurement. And then, state-based and observer-based distributed control proposals are proposed on the basis of dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM), respectively. To avoid continuous measurement information monitor, we present a technical approach for generation of the combinational information from their own neighboring agents only at event instants. The stabilities of the resulting closed-loop systems, both state-feedback one and output-feedback one, are rigorously analyzed in theory, and it is proven that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and Zeno behavior is also excluded. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical claims.     

Distributed bipartite consensus for multi-agent systems with dynamic event-triggered mechanism

This paper address the distributed bipartite consensus problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) under undirected and directed topologies with dynamic event-triggered (DET) mechanism. The relationship among agents not only collaborative interaction but also competitive interaction are taken into account. A novel DET control protocol is raised with internal dynamic variables to guarantee that each agent can reach the bipartite consensus. Compared with the existing static triggering laws, the introduced DET strategy can significantly enlarge the interval time between two triggering instants. In addition, continuous information transmission in either controller updating or between agent and its neighbors is not demanded, which implies that the communication frequency can be extremely decreased. It is also proven that Zeno behavior does not occur. Finally, two numerical examples verify the validity of the presented theoretical results.     

Leaderless consensus control of nonlinear multi-agent systems under directed topologies subject to input saturation using adaptive event-triggered mechanism

This paper deals with the leaderless consensus controller design for nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) subject to the input saturation nonlinearity by using an event-triggered (ET) mechanism. An adaptive ET scheme has been established with variable threshold parameter for attaining an efficient control bandwidth. Linear parameter varying (LPV) formulation and region of stability investigation for dealing with the inherent nonlinearity and input saturation, respectively, are focused in the study. A consensus controller design condition has been formulated to ensure the regional stability, to determine the consensus protocol gains, to choose the parameters of ET mechanism, and to select an appropriate adaptation law for ET control. Elimination of Zeno behavior, based on nonlinearity bounds, for the adaptive ET mechanism has been ensured through a rigorous analysis. In contrast to excising methods, a directed communication topology, adaptive ET mechanism, and removal of Zeno behavior as well as elimination of the windup effect of saturation have been considered in our work. A simulation study has been provided for six robotic agents and comparison results with the existing method are revealed.     

Interval observer based event-triggered consensus control of networked multi-agent systems under DoS attacks

This paper presents an interval observer (IO) based event-triggered control strategy for networked multi-agent systems (MASs) under denial of service (DoS) attacks. The most significant contribution is the proposal of a new event-triggered controller based on distributed IO. Toward this, first, a new distributed IO based on output information is first constructed to estimate the state interval of each agent in the networked MASs. Then a novel distributed IO based event-triggered control (ETC) protocol is constructed using only the information observed by IO. Moreover, it turns out that based on the designed IO based ETC protocol, all agents can reach secure consensus exponentially and Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, simulation example is used to verify the feasibility of the constructed IO based ETC protocol.