英语教育在印度实施的历史背景分析

十九世纪初期英国在印度开始实施英语教育。关于英国为什么在印度实施英语教育,学者们有着不同的解释。依据所掌握的史料,以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导思想对这一事件发生的历史背景作一客观分析,阐明英国在印度实施英语教育完全是殖民利益使然。     

试论英语地域变体——以印度英语为例

英语是一种国际通用语,它的内涵与外延已从原本作为母语的定义范围延伸并涵盖到作为非母语的范围——英语出现了地域变体。亚洲英语是世界英语的地域变体之一,而印度英语又是亚洲英语的重要地域变体之一。印度英语的形成具有特殊的历史背景,经过不断演变,标准英语与印度本地语言逐渐融合,使得印度英语在语音、语法和词汇等方面都有自身独有的特点。     

英语中印度语借词的历史考察

印度曾经是英国的殖民地。英语是印度的官方语言。两国的长期接触深刻影响了两国文化和语言。不少印度语词汇进入了英语中，进入英语中的印度语词具有鲜明的民族和时代特色，逼真地反映出了英国殖民印度的历史过程和印度人民争取民族独立的斗争。     

Resisting English: Excavating English Ideologies of Young Boys through Chutkule at an Indian Orphanage

The prevailing scholarship on Indians’ beliefs about English has, with few exceptions, largely failed to capture ideological resistance. Given the supremacy of English within the hierarchically ordered and unequal linguistic landscape in India, this study intervenes within this limited area of research. This investigation excavates ideologies of resistance to English through chutkule, a humorous folk genre, narrated by young boys at an anathashram (orphanage) in suburban New Delhi. The theoretical lens of language ideology is employed to unpack latent issues of resistance and erasure within the chutkule, and emergent ideological tensions are interpreted in the context of educational equity. In addition to locating beliefs about language in a previously unresearched genre, this study adds to the limited scholarship on Indians’ ideological resistance to English. Further, because these notions are mined through the boys’ chutkule at the anathashram, this investigation illuminates previously neglected discourses from India’s socioeconomic margins.     

谈世界英语及中国英语标准化

随着印度英语、新加坡英语等英语变体的出现,世界英语逐渐得到人们的认同.加入世贸组织后,中国将通过英语这一交流工具进一步扩大同外界的交往,中国的英语教学需要既与其他英语变体拥有相同标准和可理解性,又能同时保持自己的特色.文章将从音位学、形态学、句法学、语用学层面分析世界英语教学的发展趋势.     

殖民文化语境与印度英语小说的兴起

英国在进入印度后，推广英语，开办学校，英国殖民政府也有意识地扶植英语教育，这些都对印度英语小说的产生起到了一定程度的推动作用。英文报刊和杂志的发行量日益增多，印度本国的知识分子开始阅读并学习西方小说的创作手法和技巧，到19世纪中叶，印度英语小说家开始登上了印度文坛。     

Articulating identities – the role of English language education in Indian universities

ABSTRACT

This paper analyses how community, national and ethnic identities are affirmed, negotiated, marginalized as a part of hegemony-making and resistance in the context of English education in Indian universities. We argue and demonstrate that a complex and ambivalent hegemony that has been operational since the colonial times, continues to shape English education in India. Today, English and English education play a major role in articulating, binding and dividing multiple identities and knowledge systems. In the first part of the paper, we critically review debates and discussions on the significance of English language education in institutes of higher education in India. Specifically, we focus on discourses on the rationale behind continuing and contesting English education. The second part examines how in the postmodern context, English is being taught differently to different groups and highlights how these contexts of teaching have been defining knowledge systems, patterns of dominance and also, articulating resistance.     

传承和冲突的渐进——对印度英语发展及特点的反思

世界在发展，语言及文化也在变化。在发展过程中，各国都面临本国语言和文化与其它语言和文化的融汇与冲突，从世界范围看，印度在此方面最为突出。该文从英语在印度的发展原因、特点及其对印度语言文化的影响方面入手，对现阶段我国英语教学以及对我国语言文化的发展进行反思和阐述。     

传承和冲突的渐进--对印度英语发展及特点的反思

世界在发展,语言及文化也在变化.在发展过程中,各国都面临本国语言和文化与其它语言和文化的融汇与冲突,从世界范围看,印度在此方面最为突出.该文从英语在印度的发展原因、特点及其对印度语言文化的影响方面入手,对现阶段我国英语教学以及对我国语言文化的发展进行反思和阐述.     

Same Language,Different Histories: Developing a “Critical” English Teacher Identity

ABSTRACT

Our paper contends that growing awareness of the historicity of English lies at the heart of the process by which English language teachers develop “critical” identities. We compare novice teachers in three different contexts of English teaching: urban Guatemala, rural Nicaragua, and a Tibetan refugee community in India. Collectively, these ethnographic case studies illustrate the complexity of English teacher identity formation in contemporary global society, as our participants developed new understandings of their positions in history, their relationships with English learners, and the local meanings around English as symbolic capital.     

任务型教学法在大学英语教学中的应用简

任务型教学法又称活动教学法,是20世纪80年代由印度的普拉布首次提出并实施的一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法,文章主要论述了任务教学法的研究背景,设计原则及其在大学英语教学中的运用,试图探索出一种既能培养学习者的英语学习兴趣,又能提高语言能力的教学方法.     

Assessing the Role of Book Reading Practices in Indian Bilingual Children’s English Language and Literacy Development

The goal of this study was to examine the role of Indian bilingual parents’ book reading practices on the development of the children’s oral language, narrative and literacy skills in English, their second language. About 24 bilingual children from two preschools in Bangalore, India were tested in schools in English on receptive vocabulary, complex syntax, narrative expression, phonological awareness, and concepts about print. The findings suggest that exposure to book reading in English is associated with bilingual children’s oral language, narrative and literacy development in their second language.     

An investigation into the English language experiences of Indian international students studying in New Zealand universities

ABSTRACT

Language proficiency is highlighted in the literature on the adjustment and security of international students. India is the second top source country for mobile students globally, but few studies have focused explicitly on students from India. The purpose of this study was to examine the English language experiences of Indian students at New Zealand universities. This mixed-method study utilised a questionnaire (n?=?109) and interviews (n?=?15). Collectively the participants had high levels of confidence and proficiency in English language and adjusted more rapidly than many international students to the new academic environment. Major differences experienced by the participants between India and New Zealand related to unfamiliar forms of academic writing and tasks, and on the role of learning support services. Formal high value assessment was for some the first indication of a problem with writing. While most students adjusted through error-based learning others struggled with argumentation and avoiding plagiarism. These findings have relevance for local and international students. We recommend the use of, and research on, early low-stakes assessment of writing and on effective support services for students transitioning into new academic contexts.     

Ambiguities About English: Ideologies and Critical Practice in Vernacular-Medium College Classrooms in Gujarat,India

Situated amid tertiary-level institutions in the city of Ahmedabad, in Gujarat, India, this article explores how particular ideologies countering English inform pedagogic choices made by language teachers teaching in "vernacular-medium" (VM) college classrooms. The ideologies under discussion are two linked "thought structures." The first, the Gandhian ideology, is distinctly pro-vernacular and anti-English in its stance, embedded as it is in Gandhi's struggle for Indian independence (1925-1940s). The second, while markedly informed by Gandhi, yet a distinct ideology of its own, is the Remove English Lobby (Angrezi Hatao Aandolan) of the 1970s. My long-term, naturalistic endeavour regarding English and vernacular-medium education in Ahmedabad reveals that these linked-yet-separate ideologies impact choices VM teachers make in what and how they teach in simultaneously direct and indirect ways. Teachers seem to draw on different strains of these ideologies to enhance features of the vernaculars to counter English domination.     

Fallacies affecting policy and practice in the teaching of English as a foreign language in state primary schools in Asia

This article discusses the impact of the worldwide trend to introduce English as a foreign language (EFL) into primary schools at ever younger ages. This trend has gained momentum in recent years, affecting millions of children in countries throughout Asia. A policy decision of this kind has far-reaching implications but it is often made without consideration of the availability of human and material resources for its implementation. The result is that children may end up learning little or no English, frustrating the intentions of national governments to develop English proficiency amongst the wider population which is, in turn, supposed to contribute to economic development. Drawing on evidence from India and Thailand, this article questions the economic rationale for introducing English into primary schools and argues that decisions on the starting age at which to teach English should, instead, be considered from an educational perspective, taking into account system constraints.     

The hegemony of English in science education in India: a case study exploring impact of teacher orientation in translating policy in practice

Cultural Studies of Science Education - India has borrowed a colonial legacy of English language education from its British colonizers. Post-Independence, education policies pertaining to the...     

印度实施英语教育的历史影响分析

英国在印度实施英语教育引起了印度社会深刻的变化,马克思的双重使命学说是我们正确认识这一问题的指导思想。对于殖民统治所产生的影响,既不能因为它起到了积极的影响而忽视其背后掩藏的卑鄙目的,也不能因为殖民统治的罪恶性而对其所带来的影响一概加以否定。在文明的发展过程中,只有保持开放的心态,学习其他文明的优点,改正自身的缺点,才能既获得发展,又不迷失自己。     

英语的语言与歌曲

笔者通过对英语语音特点和英语歌曲的分析比较而阐明其观点:英语歌曲集中体现了英语语言尤其是英语语音的特点.在学习英语语言的同时,学习大量经典的英语歌曲,必然促使学习者在歌唱中熟悉和体验英语语言的韵律和节奏,使英语表达更加准确、地道、优美.     

The Inspiration of China English on English Writing to Sophomore English Majors

China English is the inevitable product of English globalization. When issues of Chinese characteristics are introduced in the inter-communication, English features in Chinese-colored English. However, China English is still English instead of the brand new language. It is an English variety. The paper aims at examining the necessity and rationality, and the contrast of China English and Chinglish. In addition, the paper explores the inspiration of China English on English writing teaching to sophomore English majors in terms of teacher, students, English writing course textbook and English writing teaching.     

Indian and English Children's Understanding of the Distinction between Real and Apparent Emotion

24 preschool and 24 school-entry children in Bombay, India, and 24 preschool and 24 school-entry children in Oxford, England, were tested on their ability to distinguish between real and apparent emotion in response to stories involving child-adult and child-child interactions. Younger Indian girls did better than younger English girls, and the data reveal effects due to age, culture, gender, and story type which suggest a more social model of the understanding of emotion than has been proposed by other researchers using this methodology.