混合土壤热泵节能实例分析

以南京某混合土壤热泵系统为例,分析比较不同冷热源运行策略、围护结构及空调末端系统对建筑能耗的影响.该混合土壤热泵系统以冷却塔为辅助散热设备,使得通过地埋管换热器向土壤散出的热量和从土壤中取出的热量相等.利用能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对该厂房建筑进行了全能耗分析,并对冷却塔及地埋管换热器换热量进行计算.然后提出2种运行方法对冷却塔进行启停控制.比较墙面与屋顶不同颜色时建筑能耗特性,结果表明：供冷季节黑色外围护结构的建筑冷负荷是白色外围护结构的1.2倍;建筑保温性能相同时,以风机盘管为空调末端,热泵机组的年能耗比辐射地板系统大44.7GJ.     

Experimental investigation on system with combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector

This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.     

Field evaluation of a ground-coupled heat pump in hot-summer and cold-winter regions

The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We presented the actual performance measurement of a GCHP installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, Hubei province, P. R. China. The system was constructed with a closed vertical typed ground heat exchanger with a total pipe length of 32 000 m. During one year, various operating parameters were monitored, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The seasonal coefficients of performances of the heat pumps and the system based on the measured data were found to be 4.01 and 2.96 in the cooling season, and 3.54 and 2.86 in the heating season, respectively. The GCHP system was more economical than the air-source room air conditioner in the energy efficiency which was increased by 29 in cooling mode and 50 in heating mode. There was an obvious heat imbalance of soil between the injection rate and the extraction rate in the residential GCHP system operation.     

基于新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统的热泵性能研究

为进一步提高太阳能利用效率和太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统的性能,提出了一种新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统,并研究了该供热系统的性能和特性.基于自行设计的10kW空气源热泵,建立了供热系统的数学模型,通过模拟得出了不同环境温度和出水温度下供热系统的运行特性和性能规律.结果表明：基于新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统,热泵的性能得到较大的提高.当环境温度为7℃时,空气源热泵的COP最大可增加26%.这为进一步研究新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统在供暖季节的性能奠定了基础.     

地源热泵-辐射供冷/暖复合空调系统的热舒适度评价和能耗分析(英文)

提出了一种新型的地源热泵-辐射供冷/暖复合空调系统,分析了该系统的原理和特点.该系统被应用于镇江西津渡展览馆中,并利用TRNSYS软件对其热舒适度和能耗进行了模拟分析.结果表明,地源热泵-辐射供冷暖复合空调系统在冬季采暖运行时,地板辐射和顶板辐射方式均具有良好的热舒适度,且无须采用机械通风;在夏季空调运行时,地板辐射和顶板辐射必须配合合理的机械通风,才能具有良好的热舒适度;在同样的热舒适度条件下,顶板辐射供冷/暖的全年能耗比地板辐射低.     

太阳能与地源热泵耦合系统实验台设计

为适应学科发展和培养创新人才的需要,设计了一套热管式太阳能与地源热泵耦合系统。详细介绍了系统的基本组成、特点和原理。该系统功能全面、开放性强,能满足创新探索型实验教学的需要,为大学生创新训练计划、研究生培养和教师课题研究等提供高水平研究平台。     

污水源采集凝固热热泵系统的可行性分析

针对常规污水源热泵系统出力常无法满足建筑最大负荷的问题,提出了在高峰负荷下提取污水凝固潜热作为补充热源的新思路.首先,结合污水特征设计了一种集除冰、取热、除垢于一体的凝固换热器,并给出了城市污水源采集凝固热热泵的合理形式.然后,从理论上分析探讨了新系统的供热潜力.典型的工况计算结果表明,采集凝固热热泵系统的供热能力大于常规城市污水源热泵系统,两者的最大供热率之比在4.5～8.7之间,说明该污水源采集凝固热热泵系统在寒冷地区的应用潜力较大.     

太阳能-地源热泵系统的交替运行特性

为了探讨太阳能-地源热泵系统的交替运行特性,提出并定义了各交替运行模式,建立了交替运行时考虑冻融相变的U形埋管周围土壤传热模型.基于对该模型的数值求解,探讨了各交替运行模式下地下埋管周围土壤温度的变化趋势.结果表明：各交替运行模式均可有效改善埋管周围土壤温度的恢复效果,对于无太阳能补热的昼夜交替与短时间间隔交替运行模式,在以24h为交替运行周期时,其太阳能热源承担的时间比例可控制在50%～58%;同时,利用日间太阳能补热来强制土壤温度的恢复,可有效克服土壤温度的自然恢复缺陷,与其他交替模式综合使用可达最佳运行效果.此外,利用钻孔壁实测数据对所建模型的预测精度进行了验证.研究结论可为太阳能-地源热泵系统的优化运行提供参考.     

Experimental performance of moderate and high temperature heat pump charged with refrigerant mixture BY-3

Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water when the low temperature was 20 ℃. The following results were obtained: the highest temperature at the condenser outlet reached about 85 ℃; when the difference between the water temperatures at the condenser outlet and the evaporator inlet was less than 40 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) was larger than 4; when the difference reached 55 ℃, the COP still kept 3; the discharge temperature of BY-3 was lower than 100 ℃, and the refrigerant vapor pressure kept lower than 1.8 MPa. When the water temperature at the condenser outlet reached over 85 ℃, nearly a 5 ℃ superheating temperature was maintained.     

多台热泵机组的噪声治理

分析了风冷热泵机组的噪声传播特性，结合热泵机组的噪声治理工程实例，介绍了封闭式隔声消声装置的设计方法、设计要点和治理效果。     

U形垂直埋管直接膨胀式地源热泵的性能分析

首先,对直接膨胀式地源热泵的性能进行了理论分析.与常规地源热泵相比,直接膨胀式地源热泵的地埋管换热器热阻更小,在制冷工况下具有更低的冷凝温度,在制热工况下具有更高的蒸发温度,因此它具有更高的性能系数.直接膨胀式地源热泵系统无需二次换热回路和循环水泵,因此具有更高的系统性能系数.然后,根据实测数据对直接膨胀式地源热泵实验系统的性能进行了分析.该实验系统建立在中国湘潭,其U形垂直地埋管换热器置于水井之中,地埋管换热器的长度为42m,外径为12.7mm.测试结果表明,在制热工况下此直接膨胀式地源热泵系统的性能系数最大值为5.95,平均值为4.72.     

水源热泵系统在大连长兴岛高尔夫球场会所的应用

本文介绍了大连长兴岛高尔夫球场会所的水源热泵系统设计,分析了水源热泵系统在夏季、过渡季、冬季的应用,并计算了各个季节水源热泵的cop值,并定性分析了其它空调、采暖的冷热源方式,得出结论,水源热泵系统是节能、环保、安全的冷热源形式,利用了可再生能源,值得推广.     

Optimization analysis of high temperature heat pump coupling to desiccant wheel air conditioning system

The high temperature heat pump and desiccant wheel(HTHPDW) system can make full use of heat released from the condenser of heat pump for DW regeneration without additional heat. In this study, DW operation in the HTHPDW system was investigated experimentally, and the optimization analysis of HTHPDW system was carried out. The performance of DW had influence on the dehumidification(evaluated by dehumidification and regeneration effectiveness) and cooling load(evaluated by thermal and adiabatic effectiveness). The results show that the enthalpy increase occurred in all the experiments. Compared to the isosteric heat, heat accumulation in the desiccant and matrix material and heat leakage from regeneration side to process side have greater influence on the adiabatic effectiveness. Higher regeneration temperature leads to lower adiabatic effectiveness that increases more cooling load of the system. When the regeneration temperature is 63℃, the maximal dehumidification effectiveness is 35.4% and the satisfied adiabatic effectiveness is 88%, which contributes to the optimal balance between dehumidification and cooling.     

Operation Performance of Air Source Heat Pump System for Space Heating in Tianjin

An air source heat pump system (ASHPS) used in an office building is set up and studied experimentally. Its operating performance in winter is evaluated based on test data and a comparative discussion is given on the effect of climate conditions and heating load ratio on the operation behavior. Then heating capacity variation caused by evaporator frosting is analyzed as well. Finally, the defrosting parameters and the technical feasibility are studied for a constant heating demand. The experimental results indicate that both the outlet water temperature drop and the system COP should be taken into account when setting defrosting parameters, and ASHPS is a viable technology for space heating and hot-water production in winter in Tianjin, which can maintain the room temperature above 19 ℃ when the outdoor temperature is -2 ℃.     

Life cycle cost analysis of new FRP based solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system

Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.     

瓦式集热器光路传输优化设计及性能分析

提出一种低倍瓦式聚光集热器,对其瓦式抛物面聚集器的结构设计、工作原理、光路传输进行理论分析。同时,基于数学推导和建模,通过MATLAB软件,理论模拟该集热器的几何特性、聚集性能等,并分析影响因素,对重要的设计参数进行优化研究。瓦式聚光集热器能将建筑屋顶空调节能与太阳能集热系统统一起来,对低成本高效太阳能热利用技术具有重要的意义。     

福州市闽江水源热泵技术应用基础数据库建设

对福州市境内闽江水的水温、水质和水位等重要参数开展测试工作,建立了福州市闽江水源热泵技术应用基础数据库。测试数据显示闽江水温在纵向断面上基本保持一致,相对气温变化稳定,适合作为冷热源。多项水质测试结果显示,主要水质指标均满足水源热泵机组的要求,闽江水存在浊度大和铁离子含量偏高的问题。闽江水位每日变化幅度受潮汐的影响较大,潮差自闽江口向闽江上游逐渐减少,其中马尾段每日最大水位差在2.58~5.34 m之间波动,水位年变化幅度为5.51 m。本研究旨在为福州市闽江水源热泵技术推广应用提供数据支撑。     

热泵/制冷循环模拟实验台的设计

运用世纪星组态软件设计了热泵/制冷循环演示模拟实验台,可以动画演示整个实验过程,可以更直观地看到各种实验现象,并能通过热力计算随时了解系统的性能,显著提高了实验教学的效果。     

换热器传热与流动阻力性能试验台系统搭建(英文)

介绍了换热器传热性能试验台系统的硬件构成、运行原理、软件控制和测量系统.试验台系统由导热油、压缩空气、乙二醇溶液和水4种不同热流体与冷风和冷却水2种冷流体为循环工质的子系统构成,不仅能进行上述热流体对冷风或冷却水的一对一试验,还可以进行并联或串联的2种或3种热流体对冷风的复合型换热器的传热性能测试.控制和测量系统以LabVIEW软件为平台,包括试验数据采集和处理系统以及自动运行与控制系统,借助完善的软件控制与先进测量仪器的相结合,使系统具有结构紧凑,测量精度高,测试范围广,程序界面友好等特点,对于换热器总体传热系数K的不确定度小于5%,为新型换热器的设计和开发提供了可靠的测试平台.     

Parallel operation characteristics analysis of sewage source heat pump units in winter

Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multiple units but different parallel operation models, and the operation characteristics of units were analyzed as well. Results show that the single screw water-source heat pump can maintain high COP only at 60%—100% load ratio, COP decreases sharply with the decrease of load ratio, and the units with parallel operation are controlled by the load ratio of a single unit according to the reduction of total load which can keep the average COP at high level within a wide load range.