Comparing spatial memory in two species of tit: Recalling a single positive location

The performance of a food-storing species, the marsh tit(Parus palustris), was compared with that of a nonstorer, the blue tit(P. caeruleus), in a spatial memory task in which birds had to return to a site where they had previously been allowed to eat part of a piece of peanut. No differences were found between species’ overall performance, but increasing retention interval from 1 min to 24 h brought about a decrease in performance. The results are discussed in relationship to the hypothesis that food-storing birds have a specialized spatial memory capacity.     

一只船的茶

"一只船"是兰州的一条小巷,就在兰州大学的斜对面.在小巷深处有一栋红楼,指导我本科论文的潘老师就住在那栋楼里.     

Text as Body,Body as Text

... there are ways that the sexuality and corporeality of the subject leave their traces in the texts produced, just as ... the processes of textual production also leave their trace or residue on the body ...

(Grosz, 1995, p. 21)

     

单身妈妈，撑起孩子的一片天

今天，全世界大约每四到五个有未成年孩子的家庭中，就有一家是靠单身家长孤身负担的。而他们当中有80％都是单身妈妈。此外，绝大多数单身妈妈家庭都是由于离婚和未婚先孕造成的。在许多西方国家，单身妈妈数量的不断上升已经引起公众和决策者们越来越多的关注。从上世纪80年代早期开始，这个问题就已经在美国以及其它许多欧洲国家的民众和决策者中引发了广泛的争议。虽然中国的离婚率很高，单身父母的数量也与西方国家相差无几，但人们很少谈论或者了解到这方面的问题。     

多层面理解学生的科学素养

科学素养是科学教育的目的和出发点.学生的科学素养水平是不断变化发展的,从程度上看有词语性科学素养、功用性科学素养、程序性科学素养和多维科学素养这4个层面.坚持发展的科学素养观,有利于加深对科学素养目的的认识,以及真实评估学生的科学素养水平,为教学提供有效的反馈信息.     

The Construction of Meaning from Text: possible effects of different reading strategies

An examination is reported of the effect of differences in reading strategies on the construction of meaning from novel length text. Following a brief review of psychological theory relevant to the question of how particular strategies could constrain meaning construction, specific differences are hypothesised in relation to Orwell's classic tale, Animal Farm. The results of an experimental examination using post‐graduate Diploma in Education students as subjects, and multidimensional scaling as the analytic technique, support the contention that reading strategies are important in the construction of differential meanings. The educational implications of the results are discussed in relation to the change in school practice from teacher‐directed reading to students reading more books but on their own or in small groups, without direct teacher intervention.     

Understanding Singaporean preschool teachers' beliefs about literacy development: Four different perspectives

Investigating teachers' beliefs may shed light on their activities in the classroom, and in turn, on the pedagogical process itself. It is, however, not easy to study teachers' beliefs empirically. Q-methodology has been used over several disciplines to systematically investigate individuals' points of view on a range of issues. A study involving Q-methodology was conducted in Singaporean preschools to investigate some teachers' perceptions of early literacy development and instruction. The study revealed four viewpoint groups among the 30 preschool teachers who participated in the study, and possible teacher characteristics that distinguish the viewpoints from each other. The results suggest that the differences in viewpoints are indicative of differences in cultural expectations held by various groups of teachers.     

课程·文本·语言--兼谈课程研究的语言学转向

长期以来,我国教育理论界习惯了在"狭义"上诠释课程,把课程限定在文本范围之内.这就造成了知识观处于一种封闭的状态;课程主体消失在文本之中;课程研究拘泥于技术取向等种种局限.然而,随着20世纪世界哲学的语言学转向,人们对语言的确定性产生了怀疑,文本不再被看作为不可动摇的、惟一的知识来源.这种语言学的转向同时也为我们理解课程提供了更为广阔的话语空间,课程的意义逐渐从文本之内走向文本之外.当代的课程研究理应关注语言学的转向,并在课程语义学、课程语用学、课程语音学等以前被忽视的理论领域做深入的研究.     

尘封的记忆——追记“满映”

"满映"成立于1937年,是日伪的"国策"电影机构。本文阐述"满映"这一国策机构的本质,并分析其部分影片所呈现出的本土色彩,指出其内里的复杂性与多面性,力图还原一段尘封的影像历史。     

Between the Lines: Philosophy, Text and Conversation

In doing philosophy we need to be aware of the awkwardness of thinking in terms of having a method, still more any kind of 'methodology'. Instead we might consider the different ways in which philosophy has been conceived in terms of contrasts: for example between the written and the spoken word, between exposition and dialogue, and between—in Richard Rorty's terms—systematic and edifying philosophy. This article offers no easy answer to how to proceed, suggesting rather that those who attempt philosophy need to be alert to the possibilities and dangers that lie on either side. This is not just any kind of alertness, but a matter of close reading rather than skimming, of carefully attending—listening—to those with whom we engage, whether they are people or texts.     

Relations between adolescents’ self-evaluations, time perspectives, motivation for school and their achievement in different countries and at different ages

The present study focused on the relations between the self-efficacy, social self-concept, time perspectives, school investment and academic achievement of students in four different European countries and in different adolescence periods. A total of 1623 students completed questionnaires. The relations between the concepts proved not to be specific to the Western or to the former Communist bloc countries studied. The expected general decline in investment and academic achievement over the adolescence period showed up in all four countries studied. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, this decline could not be explained by growing influences of either social self-concept or time perspectives regarding personal development on their investment. In fact, the effects of social self-concept were strongest for the youngest adolescence group. Students’ social self-concept was the best predictor for their investment, while self-efficacy proved to predict academic achievement best in all adolescence periods.     

不同文化视角中的体态语交际对比

人类进行交际活动最重要的工具是语言，但又绝不仅限于语言，还依靠许多非语言交际行为。非语言交际行为主要是指体态语。体态语与言语一样，是一定社会文化的产物，是长期历史和文化积淀而成的某一社会共同的习惯，也就是说体态语具有文化性。不同的文化之间体态语的功能及表达的意义差别很大。本文拟从不同的文化视角对几种体态语行为加以对比和探讨。     

Teacher Education in Hungary: system,process, perspectives

The author sees the Hungarian teacher education system as being in a state of transition and development and identifies a number of the planning issues to be faced.

There has existed, traditionally in Hungary, the two routes through teacher‐training familiar to many Western countries, characterised as the e'cole normale/university dichotomy. This has revealed a familiar problem: the older the age‐range for which the student is being trained, the less emphasis on pedagogy in the training.

Hungarian teacher education faces other problems. There is still a shortage of teachers, despite a high level of demand for training; demographic problems weigh heavily.

Attempts at finding solutions through mergers of institutions at different levels meet resistance, and the conflict of values from universities and teachers’ colleges echoes similar debates in, for example, France and Greece. The problems encountered raise a fundamental question: who should decide the nature of the teacher‐training programme: the specialist academics and pedagogues, or the employing community? In Hungary, the debate continues.     

The Silent Minority: Supporting students with Selective Mutism using systemic perspectives

Selective Mutism (SM) is an under‐researched area of child development. While the incidence rate is low, the impact of this difficulty can be pervasive and can present as a significant risk for student mental health and wellbeing. The following article presents a case study focusing on parent‐student intervention for a preadolescent male, using an eclectic programme which blended psycho‐education, aspects of a manualised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) programme, and specific selective mutism strategies. This article does not seek to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme but instead highlights practice considerations derived from systemic theoretical perspectives and present considerations for school staff.     

试论我国缺陷产品召回制度的不足与完善

近年来我国消费市场上频频出现的产品安全问题,使人们越来越意识到缺陷产品召回制度在消费者权益保护、公共安全及稳定经济发展方面的重要意义。文章在分析缺陷产品召回制度的概念及特点的基础上,指出我国现有缺陷产品召四制度的不足,并针对不足提出完善的建议,期望我国尽快建立健全的缺陷产品召回制度,切实有效地维护我国消费者的合法权益。     

文·文章·文学

从词语的本义出发考证文章、文学两个词的形成过程及其意义的发展过程,可以证明今天“文学”一词的意义是由中国古代“文学”一词的意义发展演变而来的。文学不是外来词。