从数学活动论看数学教育思想的转变

从数学活动论的角度去阐述21世纪在素质教育意义下的数学教育思想或模式的转变。     

从“听数学”到“做数学”

在新课程数学教学中,教师既要改变自己的教育观念,也要改变课堂中的角色,将“注入式”的教学改为学生积极主动的数学,即把从“听数学”改变为“做数学”。为了实现这种转变,应创设问题情境,让学生带着问题学习,情境创设要结合生活实际,要激发学生兴趣;转变学生的学习方式,提高学生的数学素养。     

Strength in numbers? Women and mathematics

Two studies were conducted to test the link between numerical distinctiveness, stereotype threat and mathematical performance among women. In the first study, stereotype threat was measured with a stereotype activation task. Women in a solo, non-solo or control condition completed word fragments and a mathematical activity. Solo women, rather than their non-solo counterparts showed mathematical performance deficits. Evidence did not support the mediating role of stereotype activation. In the second study, stereotype anxiety was assessed. According to analyses, solo women reported greater stereotype-related anxiety than non-solo women. A link between stereotype anxiety and mathematical performance deficits was also uncovered. Finally, mathematical underperformance was associated with greater interest in feminine activities. Strategies to buffer the effects of stereotype threat are discussed.     

From natural numbers to numbers and curves in nature - II

In this second part of the article we discuss how simple growth models based on Fibbonachi numbers, golden section, logarithmic spirals, etc. can explain frequently occuring numbers and curves in living objects. Such mathematical modelling techniques are becoming quite popular in the study of pattern formation in nature.     

Implementing change in mathematics education

This paper outlines the results of a survey into the effects, during the 2 years following publication, of an official report--Improving Mathematics Education 5-14--on teaching and learning mathematics in Scottish schools. The purpose of the survey was to examine how the process of implementation worked its way down to the classroom and pupil level, to document the effect (at least in the short term) the report had on classroom organization, classroom methodology, and pupil learning and attitude, and to provide a snapshot of curriculum development at work in a particular educational, geographical, and time context. The survey revealed that the process of this curriculum change was a mixture of central direction and local individuality, and that the main thrust of the changes was accepted by teachers with little overt dis-sent. The survey also provided further evidence that curriculum change in Scotland tends to proceed without much consideration of general questions of purpose and motivation.     

Conceptual and procedural approaches to mathematics in the engineering curriculum: views of qualified engineers*

The research interest underpinning this paper concerns the type of mathematical knowledge engineering students may acquire during their specialised education in terms of the conceptual and procedural dimensions of doing and using mathematics. This study draws on interviews with 25 qualified engineers from South Africa and Sweden regarding their views on the role of mathematics in engineering education, with special focus on the conceptual and procedural aspects of mathematical knowledge. A thematic analysis of the interview data led to the identification of two main themes. According to the conceptual view a predominantly conceptual approach is needed and valued more than procedural skills, while the balanced view emphasises a balance of conceptual understanding and procedural fluency as well as links between them. It is suggested that the mathematical education of engineers would need to be more conceptually oriented to prepare for the demands at the workplace.     

师范院校数学教学更应注重合情推理

就当前一些师范院校数学教育存在的问题及师范院校的特殊性质在教材的编写和课堂教学中实施合情推理教学法提出一些具体的建议,以期达到对学生起潜移默化的作用,使之在真正意义上提高师范院校的数学教育质量.     

师范院校数学教学更应注重合情推理

就当前一些师范院校数学教育存在的问题及师范院校的特殊性质在教材的编写和课堂教学中实施合情推理教学法提出一些具体的建议，以期达到对学生起潜移默化的作用，使之在真正意义上提高师范院校的数学教育质量．     

在初中数学中蕴藏着的数形结合思想

揭示在初中数学的有理数、应用题、不等式、函数及其图像、统计初步、平面几何内容中所蕴藏着的数形结合思想 ,以及应用数形结合思想解决相关内容中考试题的思路。     

Student restraints to reform: Conceptual change issues in enhancing students' learning processes

Considerable research has been published on students' alternative conceptions of science concepts and the means of addressing those alternative conceptions. However, few studies have been reported on students' conceptions of learning and consequent learning processes and attempts to change such conceptions and processes. Recent research has shown that students' beliefs can act as barriers to the implementation of educational reforms that aim to alter students' learning processes. In this study an interpretive methodology was employed by a teacher participant-observer to investigate barriers to students' adoption of an alternative referent for learning and its consequent learning strategies in a Grade 11 chemistry class. Student narratives suggest that both “cold” and “hot” contextual factors influenced students' willingness to adopt an alternative referent. The consideration of “hot” factors, including students' beliefs, trust of the teacher, and ownership of the change process, is necessary if such change is to be understood more fully. The value and difficulties of a teacher adopting this researcher's perspective are also explored.     

从大数据到计算教育学：概念、动因和出路

在大数据时代,计算社会科学是社会科学发展的必然走向,教育学作为社会科学的重要分支,同样面临着向计算教育学转型的形势。计算社会科学的兴起催生出一系列亟待明确的核心概念,极大地超越了传统社会科学研究范式。从新计算社会学出现的过程、从大数据时代的背景和特征、从传统研究范式的局限,足以见出计算教育学出现的必然性。在这一过程中需着重处理好四个关键问题:积极适应计算教育学的思维方式;技术繁荣与理论繁荣齐头并进;增强数据挖掘能力以争取话语权;变被动为主动回应时代和政策要求。     

从“失败国家”到“脆弱国家”:概念发展与政策演变

过去二十年,国家功能的失效和衰退问题被视为安全和发展援助领域的重大挑战.20世纪60年代的民主化、现代化危机和80年代末大量的内战冲突使“失败国家”进入政策视野.“脆弱国家”概念则由发展援助机构提出和推广使用.20世纪90年代末对发展—安全联结的热烈讨论,使“脆弱国家”框架开始纳入安全维度.作为国家机制衰败的极端表现,“失败国家”也出现被并入内涵更大、更易被接受的“脆弱国家”概念的趋向,特别是在发展、人道主义援助与建设和平领域.不论“失败国家”还是“脆弱国家”,都加大了西方干预的可能性,存在很多问题和改进的空间,尤其要打破两个概念背后所蕴含的西方中心主义迷恋,真正地关注“当地”.