基于单片机控制的药液温度控制系统研究

随着现代工业控制技术的飞速发展,药液及各种液体试剂混合应用更加广泛.对于药液混合后的温度控制技术的研究就有了广泛的经济价值和实用价值.针对这样的一个问题进行利用单片机设计控制药液及试剂混合实时监控系统,系统是一个的集散控制系统.利用现代计算机控制技术,实现对药液及试剂混合后的液体进行加热和对温度控制使药液在适合的温度下进行混合及发酵.系统通过对几种液体的混合温度控制为例,将多种液体按一定比例混合,在电动机搅拌后要达均匀状态将混合的液体控制在一定温度.     

两种晒图纸

一、铁盐晒图纸 药液配制:配制25％的柠檬酸铁铵溶液和20％的铁氰化钾溶液。前者必须保存在棕色的试剂瓶中。 涂布:在红灯照明的暗室中,把所配的两种药液取用等体积,充分混合均匀后,用干净的     

二元混合溶液质子守恒式的书写

单一溶质溶液的质子守恒式书写在一些文献中多有记载,而对混合溶液的质子守恒式的书写,尤其是不等量溶质混合溶液的质子守恒式的书写的相关内容较少。因此有必要对两种不等量溶质混合溶液的质子守恒式的书写方法——常规法和图示法进行阐述。     

壳聚糖对食品常见菌的影响研究

实验用85％和95％脱乙酰度两种壳聚糖,通过滤纸片药液浸泡法和液体培养分光光度法(青霉是测量菌丝浓度)对食品中常见的三种不同类别的菌(大肠杆菌、酵母菌、青霉菌)进行测定,经分析得出:用同一种壳聚糖对同一菌种,随着壳聚糖药液浓度的增大,其抑菌效果也越来越强;相同浓度的壳聚糖药液对不同的菌种有不同的抑菌效果,抑菌效果由强到弱依次是啤酒酵母、大肠杆菌、青霉菌;两种脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对大肠杆菌抑菌圈测定结果差别不大(P＞0.05).液体培养分光光度法在壳聚糖浓度为0.002％和0.006％时,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).两种脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对酵母菌和青霉菌抑菌性差别不大(P＞0.05).85％脱乙酰度的壳聚糖比95％脱乙酰度的壳聚糖抑菌性略强.     

磁处理党参药液对消化功能影响的药效研究

研究磁处理党参药液对消化功能影响的药效作用.用炭末法比较生理盐水、磁处理党参药液与非磁处理党参药液对小鼠肠推进运动的影响;用麦特(Mett)氏法比较正常对照组、非磁处理党参药液组与磁处理党参药液组的胃蛋白酶活性.与生理盐水组比较,磁处理药液组小鼠肠的炭末推进率显著增加(P0.01);与非磁处理药液组比较,磁处理药液组小鼠肠的炭末推进率显著减小(P0.01).与正常对照组比较,磁处理药液组的胃蛋白酶活性显著增强(P0.01);与非磁处理药液组比较,磁处理药液组的胃蛋白酶活性亦显著增强(P0.01及P0.05).党参磁处理药液对小鼠肠的推进及胃蛋白酶活性有明显作用.     

力法与位移法的比较及综合应用

超静定结构内力分析的基本方法有力法和位移法。本文从基本未知量、基本体系、典型方程及计算过程等方面对这两种方法进行比较和总结，介绍了力法与位移法的联合应用及混合应用。根据结构的具体情况，综合应用力法或位移法，常能方便快捷地进行超静定结构的内力分析。     

彩色合成演示仪

根据视觉三原色理论，选择“适当”的红、绿、蓝色光进行混合，可以模拟出自然界的各种颜色。色彩的混合方法有两种形式：加色混合法与减色混合法。加色混合法是将不同颜色的光对眼细胞的刺激叠加；减色法是从白光中减去相当于补色(中间色)的部分，使需要颜色的色光刺激眼睛的视觉细胞。在加色混合法中可分为：     

十字交叉法在溶质质量分数计算中的应用

十字交叉法是中学化学中一种十分简捷的解题方法。它的应用范围较为广泛,尤其在初中化学有关溶液的质量分数计算方面,诸如浓溶液的稀释、稀溶液的浓缩等。设甲、乙两溶液的质量分数分别是Crp、cL,两溶液相混合时的质量分别为WD、w,混合后配制成质量分数为C的溶液,根据混合     

“十字交叉法”在溶质质量分数计算中的应用

“十字交叉法”又名“交叉法”、“混合规则法”、“杠杆原理法”。它在一些化学计算中能简化计算过程,提高解题速度,因而被广泛应用。一、方法推导“十字交叉法”的计算式可用不同质量分数的同种溶质的两种溶液的混合为例加以推导。设浓溶液的质量为wA,溶质的质量分数为。叽;稀溶液的质量为叽,溶质的质量分数为b％;两溶液混合后溶质的质量分数为Cng。根据混合前后溶质的总质量不变可得：叭X。％＋WBXb％＝（叭十叽）XCffe把溶液混合公式移项整理得：叭X（。呢一X％）一叽X（Cde一bio）。,l叭c防一b％。。叽c－b则H＝Y斗J去即…     

测定种子生活力方法的比较与改进

用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法、红墨水法和溴麝香草酚蓝(BTB)法测定种子生活力,对实验选用的种子、浸泡时间、TTC的药液配置浓度、红墨水染色法染色时间、BTB法加入琼脂浓度及琼脂凝胶层厚度作了改进。结果表明:缩短了3种方法测定种子生活力的时间,且效果更好,测定的准确率更高;TTC染色法红色更深,红墨水染色法种胚与胚乳更易分辨。     

Numerical Modelling of Performance of R22 and R290 in Adiabatic Capillary Tubes Considering Metastable Two-Phase Region--Theoretical Model Description and Validation

A homogeneous theoretical model is developed to predict the performance of R22 and R290 in adiabatic capillary tubes. The model is based on conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. Metastable both liquid and two-phase flow regions are considered in the model. In metastable two-phase region, superheated liquid is introduced into the metastable mixture viscosity and two methods are presented to evaluate it. The model is validated by comparing the predicted pressure and temperature profile and mass flow rate with several investigators′ experimental data of R22 and one of its alternatives R290 reported in literature. All of the predicted mass flow rates are within ±8% of measured values. Comparisons are also made between the present model and other investigators′ models or sizing correlation. The model can be used for design or simulation calculation of adiabatic capillary tubes.     

不同温度下纯液体和液体混合物介电常数的计算

根据液体介电常数随温度的变化规律 ,发现介电常数ε- 1 /3与温度T之间存在着线性关系ε- 1 /3=B1 B2 T对纯液体和液体混合物不同温度下介电常数的计算结果表明 ,计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意 ,平均误差0 79% .用两个数据点确定式中的两个常数 ,即可预测其它温度下的介电常数 ,对纯液体和液体混合物的预测结果表明 ,预测值接近实验值 ,平均误差 0 83 %     

液体混合物导热系数理想模型的建立及其应用

根据液体结构的特点,通过建立液体混合物导热系数的理想模型,发展了计算混合液体导热系数的新方法.对288种含水和非水液体混合物2 060个数据点的拟合结果表明,计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意,平均误差0.98%,计算精度优于文献方法.据此发展了一种根据纯物质导热系数预测混合液体导热系数的方法,预测结果的平均误差为1.69%,小于文献方法的误差.     

实验室异丙醇-环己烷废液回收的研究

研究了大学物理化学实验中产生的异丙醇-环己烷废液的回收利用方法。先以水为萃取剂,对异丙醇-环己烷混合物进行萃取分离,得到粗环己烷和异丙醇水溶液,粗环己烷经精馏提纯,得到纯度为99.80%环己烷产品;异丙醇水溶液经恒沸精馏得纯度为99.55%异丙醇。     

射流泵式喷雾混药装置基本性能方程的确定

射流泵式喷雾混药装置能有效地进行药水的在线混合,达到药水分离的效果。本文对射流泵式喷雾混药装置进行了理论研究,提出了适用于背负式喷雾机的在线混合的混合机理,建立了射流泵式混药装置的基本性能方程,为设计、制造和改进射流泵式混药装置建立了理论依据和技术准备。     

Simulation of Vapor Flows Between Two Closed Surfaces of Evaporation and Condensation at High Vacuum

The steady multi-component vapor flows between two closed surfaces of evaporation and condensation are investigated numerically by the nonlinear Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation.The mathematical model will make it possible to determine the profiles of the process variables between two surfaces of evaporation and condensation if the conditions of evaporation and condensation surfaces are taken into consideration.It is used to simulate the vapor behaviors of the pure dibutylphthalate and the ethylhexyl phthalate-ethylhexyl sebacate mixture.The effects of the liquid composition of the evaporaton surface,the evaporation temperature ,the condensation temperature and the distance between evaporation and condensation surfaces on the evaporation efficiency and separation factor are discussed.     

Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane by Batch Extractive Distillation

Azeotropic liquid mixture cannot be separated by conventional distillation. But extractive distillation or combination of the two can be valid for them. An experiment to separate benzene and cyclohexane by batch extractive distillation was carried out with N,N-dimethylformide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and their mixture as extractive solvent. The effect of the operation parameters such as solvent flow rate and reflux ratio on the separation was studied under the same operating conditions. The results show that the separation effect was improved with the increase of solvent flow rate and the reflux ratio; all the three extractive solvents can separate benzene and cyclohexane, with DMF being the most efficient one, the mixture the second, and DMSO the least. In the experiment the best operation conditions are with DMF as extractive solvent, the solvent flow rate being 12.33 mL/min, and the reflux ratio being 6. As a result, we can get cyclohexane from the top of tower with the average product content being 86.98%, and its recovering ratio being 83.10%.     

Prediction from Latent Classes: A Demonstration of Different Approaches to Include Distal Outcomes in Mixture Models

Including auxiliary variables such as antecedent and consequent variables in mixture models provides valuable insight in understanding the population heterogeneity embodied by a latent class variable. The model building process regarding how to include predictors/correlates and outcomes of the latent class variables into mixture models is an area of active research. As such, new methods of including these variables continue to emerge and best practices for the application of these methods in real data settings (including simple guidelines for choosing amongst them) are still not well established. This paper focuses on one type of auxiliary variable—distal outcomes—providing an overview of the methods currently available for estimating the effects of latent class membership on subsequent distal outcomes. We illustrate the recommended methods in the software packages Mplus and Latent Gold using a latent class model to capture population heterogeneity in students’ mathematics attitudes, linking latent class membership to two distal outcomes.     

关于开尔文公式推导方法的商榷

本文在对纯物质液体饱和蒸气压作出明确定义的基础上 ,提出开尔文公式的另一种推导方法 ,并与两种《物理化学》教材的作者进行商榷。     

基于PID控制器三容水箱液位的控制设计

在工业应用中液位控制系统非常重要,传统的三容水箱液位控制模型．是利用传统的PID实现液位控制的,但是参数太小,无法进行有效控制。采用PID控制器的自整定技术进行控制更加可靠,精度更高,但也包含不确定的因素在内。本文对比分析了传统PID和自整定技术两种控制方法。