对小学科学课程教学的思考——以《地球内部有什么》课程教学观摩为例

小学科学课的教学目标是培养学生的科学素养,科学素养的形成是长期的,早期的科学教育将对一个人科学素养的形成具有决定性的作用。学生是课程学习的主体,如何激发小学生学习科学课的积极性,教师如何有效教学是值得研究的重要课题。通过某小学五年级《地球内部有什么》课程教学观摩,就小学科学课程教学进行有益的探索和反思,以期提高科学课程教学的有效性。     

小学科学教学中反思和回顾的重要性

<正>要记住:失误给人教训,让人反思,只有真正做到反思自己、反思自己的教学,我们的教育事业才会永远年轻,永远充满活力,永远与时俱进!《义务教育科学课程标准》总目标要求:"小学科学课程的总目标是培养学生的科学素质,并应为他们继续学习和终身发展奠定良好的基础。学生通过科学课程的学习,能保持和发展对自然的好奇心和探究热情;理解与认知水平相适应的科学概念,并能应用于日常生活;体验科学探究的基本过程和方法;形成     

中、美科学课程标准中的技术教育因素

目前我国小学科学教育中的技术教育不容乐观。本文通过对美国科学教育标准中(幼儿园至4年级)是如何嵌入技术教育因素进行分析,并与我国科学课程标准中(3~6年级)的技术教育因素比较,可以从一个崭新的角度反思我国小学科学课程中的技术教育。     

小学科学教学反思

在小学阶段,儿童对周围世界有着强烈的好奇心和探究欲望,他们乐于动手操作具体形象的物体,这一时期是学生培养科学兴趣、体验科学过程、发展科学精神的重要时期。小学科学课正是为培养学生科学素养而设立的科学启蒙课程。如何对待科学教学,用什么方法教学科学才能真正发挥科学课程独特的教育价值,实现其他学科不可取代的功能呢？笔者通过反思教学中出现的问题,总结多年的科学教学经验,谈谈一些体会：     

浅谈小学科学课程校外资源的开发与利用

小学阶段是学生科学意识和科学素养萌芽和发展的重要阶段,通过科学课程培养学生的科学素质,是小学科学课程的根本宗旨。科学课程资源的开发与利用,是小学科学教学的基础。近年来,在教学改革推动下,科学课程的开放性与综合性不断增强,如何开发更多的科学课程校外资源,成为小学科学课程教学关注的重点。文章从小学科学课程校外资源开发与利用的意义入手,讲述了小学科学课程校外资源的开发与利用现状,提出了小学科学课程校外资源的开发与利用策略,希望能对小学科学课程校外资源的开发和利用有所帮助。     

引导学生深度参与小学科学实验的策略

实验教学是小学科学课程的重要组成部分,其效率的高低直接影响课程实施的效度。反思当下的科学实验教学,实验前"预设不足"、实验中"合作缺失"、实验后"思维肤浅"等现象亟待科学教师发挥教学智慧,引导学生主动参与,从而真正发挥实验教学的作用,凸现科学课程     

小学科学教育中实施“有过程的思维呈现”教学研究

思维教学的缺失是小学科学教育的实践困境:单一的教育目标违背了儿童的思维发展规律,教条化的教学模式导致了思维与操作的割裂,思维培养的指导力不足导致了科学思维培养的实践障碍。基于操作、呈现、反思三个核心要素的"有过程的思维呈现"教学模式为小学科学课程的思维教学提供了实践路径,通过提出假设——验证假设——反思——新的问题——再反思——反思结果的应用步骤,完成"两轮探究、四次呈现、两次反思",使儿童在科学探究过程中学会"像科学家一样思考",在反思中完成自我发现。     

小学科学教学反思

在小学阶段,儿童对周围世界有着强烈的好奇心和探究欲望,他们乐于动手操作具体形象的物体。这一时期是培养科学兴趣、体验科学过程、发展科学精神的重要时期。小学科学课正是为培养学生科学素养而设立的科学启蒙课程。如何对待科学教学．用什么方法教学科学才能真正发挥科学课程独特的教育价值．实现其他学科不可取代的功能呢？笔者通过反思教学中出现的问题,总结多年的科学教学经验,谈谈一些体会：     

美国版科学教材对我国小学科学教师的挑战及对策

美国版科学教材是美国国家科学资源中心为一至六年级儿童开发的全新的参与性教材,它在我国的试用给科学教育带来了生气,同时也给小学科学教师带来挑战。为应对挑战,小学科学教师应当认真解读美国版教材,开展创造性教学;加强研究与反思,弥补培训不足;开发课程资源,丰富教学生活。     

STEM教育与小学科学课程资源整合的必要性研究

小学科学课程是小学教育的基础课程之一,小学科学教程致力于培养学生拥有科学的探索精神。而近年来,随着课程改革的不断推进,小学课程改革收到众多学校的认可,很多学校越来越认识到小学科学课程改革的关键性。STEM的教育理念是以科学技术、工程、数学等学科的基础综合教学为根本,同时运用基础知识和主要方法对问题的科学严谨处理,将STEM 教学与小学科学课程进行资源整合,对小学生在学习小学科学课程时,培养学生自主思考能力和科学探索精神,为今后学生的学习和发展奠定了一定基础。     

小学科学课程资源的开发与利用

小学科学课程资源的开发与利用是目前我国小学科学课程改革特别关注的热点问题之一。通过对小学科学课程资源的开发模式、小学科学教师资源的培育、小学科学教材资源的开发与利用、小学科学实验室资源的建设、小学科学课堂生成资源的有效利用和小学科学校园文化的营造等方面在理论与实践上对此问题进行了较深入的研究,建立起符合新课标、适应新教材、切合学生特点和时代特点的小学科学课程支持系统,以促进小学科学新课程的顺利实施和稳步推进。     

日本新订小学理科课程标准述评及其对我国的反思

近年来,日本小学理科课程标准在构成模式、课程目标、课程结构和课程内容等方面进行了重新修订。新标准在构成模式上相对独立,在课程目标的构成与表征上突出理科特征且表述通俗简明,在课程结构上由三领域整合为两领域,在课程内容上按学年配置且表述模式统一。这些特征对于我国相关领域有一定反思意义。     

小学科学教材与教学现状及对策

新课程改革以来,小学科学教材实验和教学实施情况是小学科学教师关注的热点问题。为了解小学科学教材与教学的现状,我们进行了一次较大规模的问卷调查。调查表明,小学科学教材和教学的现状与培养创新人才、大力提高未成年人科学素质的要求还有一定的差距。小学科学教育还需在课程教材建设、课程资源建设和教师培养与培训等方面加强研究与投入。     

Post-primary science teachers' perceptions of primary science education

Post-primary science teachers in Victoria were asked to express views about primary science curriculum design and implementation. They were also asked about the value of continuity between primary and post-primary science education. The post-primary teachers generally had favourable attitudes to primary science education and considered that cooperation would be useful-though it is not common at the moment. However, the data revealed a considerable range of opinion. Post-primary science teachers' views about primary science curriculum are similar to those of primary teachers themselves, but many post-primary teachers would place more emphasis on formal or textbook knowledge. Post-primary teachers see a number of systemic problems in implementing primary science education but their positive perceptions suggest the value of encouraging more structured links. The notion of continuity across the two sectors was well supported. Specializations: science education policy and practice, teacher education, school effectiveness. Specializations: science education, teacher education in science.     

Toward Effective Teaching and Learning: stories of primary schools'environmental science interest and action

This article provides some stories of primary school teachers' and students' experiences of implementing new science teaching and learning strategies through an action research process that have also led to more environmental education occurring in the schools' curriculum. The stories have been constructed from the coordinators' journals, observations and interviews with the teachers and students in the schools. The teachers in the schools are consciously engaged in an action research-based model of curriculum change in science teaching and learning. The stories also acknowledge the critiques of critical theory in environmental education and the possibilities for a socially critical approach in environmental education within a context of the limited opportunities for both science and environmental education in primary schools.     

Working Alongside Scientists

Current curriculum demands require primary teachers to teach about the Nature of Science; yet, few primary teachers have had opportunity to learn about science as a discipline. Prior schooling and vicarious experiences of science may shape their beliefs about science and, as a result, their science teaching. This qualitative study describes the impact on teacher beliefs about science and science education of a programme where 26 New Zealand primary (elementary) teachers worked fulltime for 6 months alongside scientists, experiencing the nature of work in scientific research institutes. During the 6 months, teachers were supported, through a series of targeted professional development days, to make connections between their experiences working with scientists, the curriculum and the classroom. Data for the study consisted of mid- and end-of-programme written teacher reports and open-ended questionnaires collected at three points, prior to and following 6 months with the science host and after 6 to 12 months back in school. A shift in many teachers’ beliefs was observed after the 6 months of working with scientists in combination with curriculum development days; for many, these changes were sustained 6 to 12 months after returning to school. Beliefs about the aims of science education became more closely aligned with the New Zealand curriculum and its goal of developing science for citizenship. Responses show greater appreciation of the value of scientific ways of thinking, deeper understanding about the nature of scientists’ work and the ways in which science and society influence each other.     

我国中小学科学教育的价值取向

中小学科学教育的价值是指中小学科学教育对于社会发展、科学技术发展和人的发展的作用与意义,中小学科学教育的价值取向是指中小学科学教育价值活动的方向。当前,我国中小学科学教育的价值取向,应在教育目的上坚持以人的发展为本,在教育目标上追求提高学生的科学素养,在课程设计上彰显人本化、个性化,在课程文化上将科学教育与人文教育相结合,在课程内容上实现现代化、综合化、生活化,在课程实施上以科学探究为核心,在课程评价上体现多元化。     

配备专职科学教师是开齐开好科学课程最基本的保证——小学科学教育现状调研报告

小学科学课程承担着培养小学生科学素质的重任,早期科学教育对每个人科学素质的形成具有十分重要的影响。然而在调研中发现,小学科学课程实施情况不尽人意：专职科学教师数量极其缺乏;科学课程开设严重不齐不足,兼职教师挪课现象相当严重;设施设备投入不足,科学专用教室和设备严重缺乏。这些问题严重影响小学科学教育正常开展。因此,必须提高对科学课程开设重要性认识,配备专职科学教师,保证开齐开好科学课程,促进学生创新意识和实践能力的提高。     

Core competences and scientific literacy: the recent reform of the school science curriculum in China

ABSTRACT

China initiated a new round of science curriculum reform in 2017. Using the tripartite curriculum framework (including policy, programmatic, and classroom curriculum), we introduce and analyse China’s policy curriculum and programmatic curriculum for science in primary school and senior high school, and describe the potential problems hindering the translation of these curricula into the classroom curriculum. We first identify the multiple aims of different stakeholders in science education, some of which influence the science policy curriculum. Then, we present the major changes in how the programmatic curriculum meets the policy curriculum. However, due to extracurricular factors, the current science curriculum reform may not unfold as expected. We end with a discussion of the three major characteristics of the revision process of science curriculum standards in China, some of which might inform the global community of science education.     

美国科学教材FOSS、STC、INSIGHTS比较分析

FOSS、STC、INSIGHTS是在20世纪80年代末美国新一轮科学课程改革的背景下,在＂2061计划＂的推动下启动的三项科学课程研究项目,也是当下美国较为流行的三套小学科学课程教材。本文对三套教材的出台背景作简要介绍,并通过对三套教材的课程内容、教学资源、特点等进行对比,透视美国科学教育的特点及整体发展趋势。