情报检索发展的几个前沿问题

本文介绍了现阶段情报检索研究中的几个前沿问题,包括自然语言检索、跨语言检索、智能信息检索、基于语义的图像和视频检索及检索系统评价研究的最新发展情况。语言、智能和语义等问题相互关联,近年来又一同推动着信息检索的发展。检索评价研究也有针对性地引导着情报检索的发展方向。结语部分论述了这些问题在情报检索前沿发展中的本质联系及未来的发展方向。     

Librarian-Lead Tutorial for Enhancement of Pharmacy Students' Information-Searching Skills in Advanced Experiential Rotations

Pharmacy schools across the United States expose students to literature searching and evaluation mostly during required didactic drug information courses. The majority of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students do not utilize library-available electronic resources on a regular basis, and their didactic experience alone is not sufficient to make them successful in their advanced experiential drug information (DI) rotations. This pilot study demonstrates an improvement of students' perceptions regarding information searching and evaluating abilities as the result of their participation in a small group tutorial with a reference librarian, thus indicating effectiveness of the tutorial in refreshing and enhancing database knowledge skills.     

Summarizing Similarities and Differences Among Related Documents

In many modern information retrieval applications, a common problem which arises is the existence of multiple documents covering similar information, as in the case of multiple news stories about an event or a sequence of events. A particular challenge for text summarization is to be able to summarize the similarities and differences in information content among these documents. The approach described here exploits the results of recent progress in information extraction to represent salient units of text and their relationships. By exploiting meaningful relations between units based on an analysis of text cohesion and the context in which the comparison is desired, the summarizer can pinpoint similarities and differences, and align text segments. In evaluation experiments, these techniques for exploiting cohesion relations result in summaries which (i) help users more quickly complete a retrieval task (ii) result in improved alignment accuracy over baselines, and (iii) improve identification of topic-relevant similarities and differences.     

人才培养是公共图书馆发展的关键——中山大学广州市图书馆专业人才高级研修班述评

由于地方政府的高度重视和大力投入，中山大学广州市图书馆专业人才高级研修班主办和承办单位秉承“面向现实、面向未来、面向社会”的理念进行课程设计，采用将理念传授、能力培养、素质教育三者融于一体的培训方式。为广州市图书馆事业培养了人才，也为其他地方政府支持图书馆事业的发展提供了可资借鉴的范例。     

贵在理论与实用相结合——《信息存储与检索》评介

认为张帆教授等编著的《信息存储与检索》是一部理论与实用相结合的著作，它既可作为高校相关专业的教科书，又可作为社会读者收集和检索所需信息资源的工具。     

中文信息检索系统中的自然语言理解技术研究

分析自然语言理解技术在信息检索中的应用及其对信息检索系统的影响,指出自然语言理解技术对信息检索技术的研发有支撑作用;介绍国内外在自然语言理解方面所开展的“理性主义”与“经验主义”研究,重点论述中文自然语言理解研究的三个流派及其各自的核心技术和不足之处,指出该技术面临的发展困境,并提出目前可采取的解决办法。     

Question-answering systems as efficient sources of terminological information: an evaluation

Background: Question‐answering systems (or QA Systems) stand as a new alternative for Information Retrieval Systems. Most users frequently need to retrieve specific information about a factual question to obtain a whole document. Objectives: The study evaluates the efficiency of QA systems as terminological sources for physicians, specialised translators and users in general. It assesses the performance of one open‐domain QA system, START, and one restricted‐domain QA system, MedQA. Method: The study collected two hundred definitional questions (What is…?), either general or specialised, from the health website WebMD. Sources used by the open‐domain QA system, START, and the restricted‐domain QA system, MedQA, were studied to retrieve answers, and later a range of evaluation measures (precision, Mean Reciprocal Rank, Total Reciprocal Rank, First Hit Success) were applied to mark the quality of answers. Results: It was established that both systems are useful in the retrieval of valid definitional healthcare information, with an acceptable degree of coherent and precise responses from both. The answers supplied by MedQA were more reliable that those of START in the sense that they came from specialised clinical or academic sources, most of them showing links to further research articles. Conclusions: Results obtained show the potential of this type of tool in the more general realm of information access, and the retrieval of health information. They may be considered a good, reliable and reasonably precise alternative in alleviating the information overload. Both QA systems can help professionals and users can obtain healthcare information.     

基于格语法的中文文本检索系统的设计与实现

介绍利用格语法解决句法与语义相结合的优点，提出用格语法建立信息检索系统中自然语言理解的语义模型，以获得合理、满意的查全率和查准率；在此基础上建立一个实验系统，并给出系统的实现方法及测试结果。     

从关联理论的角度看情报检索中的自然语言

从关联理论的角度探讨了情报检索中的自然语言.论证了情报检索语言与自然语言的融合,必将是现代情报检索语言最佳的发展模式.     

网络环境下信息存储与检索技术的发展

信息存储与检索技术是信息传递中的重要环节。检索语言和检索效率密切相关，它在信息检索过程中起着语言保障的作用。为满足不同用户能够检索到所需要的信息，检索语言必然朝着自然语言、用户界面友好的方向发展。     

数字图书馆环境下的情报语言

论述了数字图书馆环境下情报检索效率的提高,不仅得益于自然语言这一分支的增加,而且得益于情报语言在数字图书馆环境下可实现的多种检索方法.     

微博信息可信度分析研究综述

简述微博信息可信度研究的背景和意义,并对微博信息可信度分析等相关概念进行界定;对微博信息可信度的研究成果进行梳理,指出这些研究的不足,并认为微博信息可信度分析的关键问题是微博信息特征的提取和可信度分析方法的设计;结合微博信息的特点及已有研究成果,指出微博信息可信度分析的核心技术包括自然语言处理、社会网络分析、机器学习与数据挖掘等;最后总结全文,对微博信息可信度分析的未来发展方向进行展望,为进一步研究提供参考。     

Reference Librarians Speak for Users: A Learning Commons Concept That Meets the Needs of a Diverse Student Body

ABSTRACT

This article describes creating a learning commons at a main campus library.     

Multicenter randomized comparative trial of Micromedex,Micromedex with Watson,or Google to answer drug information questions

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacy students’ ability to correctly answer drug information questions using Micromedex with Watson, Micromedex without Watson, or Google.Methods:This multicenter randomized trial compared pharmacy student responses to drug information questions using Micromedex with Watson, Micromedex without Watson, or Google from January to March of 2020. First- to fourth-year pharmacy students at two institutions were included. The primary outcome was the number of correct answers. Secondary outcomes were the time taken to answer the questions and differences in number of correct answers by pharmacy student year and institution.Results:The analysis included 162 participants: 52 students in the Micromedex group, 51 students in the Watson group, and 59 students in the Google group. There was a significant difference among groups in the total number of questions answered correctly (p=0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that participants in the Micromedex group answered more questions correctly than those in the Google group (p=0.015). There were no significant differences between Micromedex and Watson groups (p=0.52) or between Watson and Google groups (p=0.22). There was also no difference in time to complete the questions among groups (p=0.72).Conclusion:Utilizing Google did not save students time and led to more incorrect answers. These findings suggest that health care educators and health sciences librarians should further reinforce training on the appropriate use of drug information resources.