全面两孩政策下婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系的构建——基于育儿压力、母职困境与社会支持的调查分析

加强家庭婴幼儿照护支持是二孩时代实现幼有所育的关键。从家庭育儿压力、母职困境和社会支持出发,调查6个省12个市共计11453个3岁以下婴幼儿家庭。结果发现,家庭育儿压力较高,抚育成本高昂,子女教育成为最大挑战,且二孩家庭育儿压力更大;母亲育儿工作难平衡,超过三分之一的母亲职业中断,且二孩家庭、低收入和低学历母亲面临更大的职业困境。在社会支持方面,家庭内部支持以祖辈为主,父亲参与不足;对教育支持最为迫切,但所获外部支持有限。在历史短板、时代挑战和文化制约的多重影响下,亟待构建婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系,通过加强对家庭婴幼儿照护的支持和指导,形成夫妻同工、祖辈适度参与的动力机制,保障女性就业权,最终实现家庭与社会共同参与的婴幼儿照护良好格局,切实缓解家庭的育儿压力。     

概率的可加性与连续性的推广

将概率的可列可加性和上下连续性推广到某些零概集上,减弱了原来的命题条件,并且证明了推广后得到的三个结果都与可加性公理等价.     

关于函数在任意区间上一致连续与非一致连续的条件讨论

一致连续与非一致连续是数学分析中的一个重要的概念.本文从G.康托尔定理出发,清晰的给出在任意区间的函数一致连续的条件,并且讨论非一致连续的简单的判别方法.     

延续与重构——略论电影《将爱情进行到底》

电影《将爱情进行到底》是紧接着电视剧的开放性结尾再设置成三个假定性的情节,它与电视剧的叙事模式基本上定位于延续和重构的关系。这部电影从内容到形式都对一代人情感结构的继续和爱情意识的重构产生特殊的意义。     

日本"幼小衔接"热潮剖析

本文在对近几年日本出现的"幼小衔接"热潮的发展历程和主要特点进行研究的基础上,对其原因进行了分析,认为地方分权化的推动、"小一问题"的驱使和终身教育思潮的影响是当今日本出现"幼小衔接"热潮的主要原因.     

日本幼儿教育今后发展的方向：整合性与连续性

2005年1月,日本中央教育审议会首次就“幼儿教育的发展方向”问题向文部科学大臣提交了咨询报告。该报告在对当前日本儿童的发展与教育问题进行细致分析的基础上,提出了日本幼儿教育今后发展的两个方向、三个课题与七项措施。     

江门支柱产业的选择及可持续发展研究

实证研究江门市四大支柱产业对其社会发展和经济腾飞和和贡献,分析江门市支柱产业发展过程中遇到的困难和障碍,提出加快江门市术支柱产业发展的对策和建议。     

坚守与嬗变：汉民族服饰文化的变迁特征

千百年来汉民族的文化演变形成汉民族服饰文化。冕服的千年延续是对汉文化的坚守。服饰的几回交融促进了汉文化的嬗变。     

弓形虫感染对优生优育的危害

弓形虫是一种分布广危害大的常见寄生虫。孕妇感染弓形虫后，虫体可垂直传递给胎儿，导致胎儿产生各种严重的先天性疾病。因此，弓形虫感染对优生优育的危害是十分严重的。     

历史的连续性和继承性、断裂性和创新性——评张建华博士著《俄国史》

历史的连续性、继承性、断裂性和创新性是辩证统一的,它们统一于任何一个重大的历史变革之中.张建华博士所著的((俄国史》以八大事变贯穿了俄国历史,并以《俄国史》命名这个国家从古至今的全部历程,开创了我国俄国史研究的先河,也很好地解决了关于俄国历史叙事的连续性、继承性、断裂性和创新性的问题,且语言流畅、插图精美,是一部关于俄国史研究的难得之作.     

Adolescent-to-Mother Psychological Aggression: The Role of Father Violence and Maternal Parenting Style

BackgroundAdolescent-to-parent psychological aggression is often a precursor to physical aggression toward their parents. Recently, there have been 4 high-profile matricide cases that happened in China. To date, there is limited research in Confucian filial piety culture on child-to-parent psychological aggression, especially toward the mother who is overwhelming the target of children’s aggression.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to explore the prevalence of adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression and examine the role of father violence and maternal parenting style in contributing to these behaviors in Confucian filial piety culture.MethodsParticipants were 1134 students from 7 to 12 grade (M = 14 years, SD = 1.5) in Qingdao located in Shandong Province in east side of China where the Confucian Culture began. The instruments used were a demographics questionnaire, adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression questionnaire, father’s violent behavior questionnaire and maternal parenting style questionnaire.ResultsTwo types of adolescent-to-mother psychological aggression were assessed: contempt and rebellion. The prevalence of adolescent-to-mother contempt and rebellion was 30.7% and 18.7%, respectively. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that father’s conflict with grandparents, maternal control and over-protection were positively associated with adolescent’s contempt for mother. Parents divorced, father’s conflict with grandparents, father-to-mother physical violence and maternal rejection were positively associated with adolescent’s rebellion against mother. Maternal emotional warmth was negatively associated with adolescent’s contempt and rebellion against mother.ConclusionAdolescent-to-mother psychological aggression occurs within a broader family context of violence and disharmony. Observational learning of father’s conflict with grandparents or violent behaviors toward mother maybe the mechanism of violence passing from generations. However, maternal emotional warmth buffered the negative association between father’s conflict with grandparents and adolescent’s contempt for mother. But maternal control and over-protection exacerbated the positive relationships between father’s conflict with grandparents and adolescent’s contempt for mother.     

Building alliance for preschool inclusion: Parents of typically developing children,attitudes and perceptions

The current study investigated perceptions, thoughts, and attitudes of parents of typically developing children enrolled in inclusive 3-year-old and 4-year-old preschool classrooms. Using a qualitative approach, guided by ecological system theory semi-structured interviews with parents (N = 7) were completed. Several common themes related to inclusive preschool interactions were identified. Results indicated that parental perspectives, perceptions, and experiences vary. While parents were supportive of inclusion philosophy in child care centers, they felt less confident in their ability to explain the limitations associated with special needs to their young children. Parental support and involvement within inclusive preschool classrooms may be strengthened through the development of educational programs and family–professional partnerships. The role and involvement of teachers in facilitating parental support of inclusion philosophy is also addressed.     

断裂与绵延:中西教育周期比较

本文采用长时段计量史学的理论和方法，统计了1900年以前中国和西方国家教育名人数，绘制出中西教育周期的曲线图。统计现象显示：断裂与绵延是西方与中国教育发展势态的重大差异；中西教育分别于19世纪初和18世纪初出现陡坡，标志看中西教育开始全面进入近代化阶段。文章还对产生这些现象的原因作了简要的分析。     

Exploring Views about LARCs Among Parenting Rural Latinx Teenagers,Their Mothers,and Providers: Implications for Sexuality Education and Care

While long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) reduces risk of repeat-births, use remains low among rural Latinx adolescent mothers. This qualitative study identified perspectives about factors that influence LARC use among this population. Participants were dyads of parenting Latinx adolescent daughters and their mothers (n?=?9 dyads) and nurses (n?=?17). Findings revealed themes specific to this vulnerable population including (a) distinct ways LARC characteristics fit into parenting teenagers’ lives, (b) supportive health care climate toward LARCs, and (c) factors that inhibit LARC uptake. The study has implications for sexuality education that seeks to reduce repeat-births among this population.     

池莉小说中的母性意识与文化立场

池莉近作《生活秀》中来双扬的形象母性意识的又一次强化。来双扬没有任何母亲角色，却充分地展示了母性的生存关爱，并牢固地树立起她在家庭的中心地位，这个形象与中国女性的原始意象（女神意明）有着深刻的联系，作品以母性意识肯定了市民生活对社会各阶层的哺育特性，由此而成长起来的大富新贵和精英化都与它有着割不断的联系。     

货币化子女赡养责任,以制度推动居家养老服务?--基于上海市的社会调查

如何养老已经成为国家、社会和家庭都非常担忧和焦虑的问题,居家养老是一项化解未来养老沉重负担的重要措施。但是由于当前家庭少子化、照护资源紧缺以及人口老龄化和高龄化速度加快,居家养老面临着照护人员缺乏、照护资金不足诸多现实困境。货币化子女赡养责任是挖掘家庭资源,缓解家庭照护缺位、服务提供不足之矛盾的有效途径。调查发现对缴纳赡养费,民众支持程度尚可,认可度有差异。随年龄增长,对赡养费的支持度增加;成年子女的收入、教育水平对货币化赡养责任的意愿也有不同的影响。在劳动力流动的现代社会,有必要探索建立赡养费制度,并加以制度约束与规范,同时应善用文化软力量的导向效应。     

控制源、社会支持、自我效能与抑郁的关系

为了探讨大学生社会支持、心理控制源、自我效能和抑郁的关系,笔者用贝克抑郁测验、一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表和内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表（IPC）对120名大学生施测。结果发现,大学生抑郁与内控性成显著负相关（r=-0．406,P〈0.01）,与机遇及有势力他人成显著正相关（n=0．358,r2=0．359,P〈0．01）,与客观支持成显著负相关（r=0．169,P〈0．05）,内控性及有势力的他人能预测抑郁22．4％的方差变异量。可见心理控制源与抑郁具有显著的相关,但是社会支持、控制源、自我效能都不能很好地预测抑郁。     

Subsidized child care,maternal employment and access to quality,affordable child care

To examine whether state child care subsidy policies can combine goals of increasing maternal employment and increasing access to quality child care for children in low-income families, we studied one state's comprehensive policy, through a cross-sectional survey of 665 randomly selected families using centers, Head Starts, family child care homes, public school preschools or informal care, including a sample of families on the waitlist for child care subsidies. We found that, in Massachusetts, families receiving child care subsidies report greater access to child care, more affordable child care, and higher quality child care, than do similar families not receiving subsidies. Lower-income families not receiving subsidies can sometimes access affordable, quality child care through Head Start programs and public preschools, but, when they have to pay for care, they pay a significantly greater proportion of their income than do families receiving subsidies. We also found that families on the subsidy waitlist are at a particular disadvantage. Waitlist families have the greatest difficulty paying for care, the least access, and the poorest quality child care. While the child care subsidy policies benefited those families receiving subsidies, families outside the system still struggled to find and afford child care.     

Maternal warmth and prosocial behaviors among low-SES adolescents: Considering interactions between empathy and moral conviction

ABSTRACT

The study examined the links among maternal warmth and adolescents’ empathic concern, moral conviction and prosocial behaviors. Participants were 311 adolescents from a low-income community (M age = 16.10 years; range = 14–19 years; 58.7% girls; 82.7% white; 13.6% Latinx). The results demonstrated that maternal warmth was positively associated with adolescents’ empathic concern and moral conviction. Empathic concern was positively associated with three common forms of prosocial behaviors, and moral conviction was positively associated with four types of prosocial behaviors. Empathic concern and moral conviction also interacted to predict selfishly and selflessly motivated prosocial behaviors. Discussion will focus on the role of maternal warmth in fostering sociomoral tendencies.