“双一流”背景下高校大科研平台建设探讨

交叉学科研究是未来推动科技变革和创新的重要着力点。因此,在“双一流”背景下创新高地的高校科研机构有必要进行协同整合构建大科研平台。本文在对大科研平台含义及其特点阐述的基础上,对大科研平台建设现状及其存在的主要问题进行了梳理,构建了包含平台成员、平台机构、平台用户和政府部门在内的高校大科研平台基本框架,提出了借助优势学科促进平台建设、健全长效沟通机制、优化科研管理机制及汇聚综合交叉人才的建设策略,促进高校交叉学科的发展和科研能力的提升。     

产学研协同创新视角下的高校科研管理机制研究

产学研协同创新是我国促进经济发展方式向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变的重要环节。在产学研协同创新中,高校是知识资源和科技成果的提供者,也是创新人才培养的主要基地。当前地方高校科研管理机制存在的问题抑制了高校在产学研协同创新中作用的发挥。因此,高校要从横向项目的过程管理、科研评价体系和激励机制、学科科研协同机制、科研创新平台等方面完善地方高校科研管理机制,促进科技创新的发展。     

《技术创新与管理》期刊栏目设置

一、《创新论坛》栏目容纳以下内容 :1 .国家创新体系与机制研究 ;2 高等教育创新体制研究 ;3 .高校参与国家创新工程的形式和举措 ;4.高校科技创新体系与机制研究 ;5 .高校科技创新能力建设 ;6 创新人才培养 ;7 创新基地建设 ;8.促进交叉学科、边缘学科、新生学科成长的体制、机制研究 ;9.高校与科研机构的联合与协作。二、《科研管理》栏目容纳以下内容 :1 高校科技过程管理 (计划、成果、经费等 )改革的研究 ;2 科研评价制度研究 ;3 科研评价指标体系研究 ;4 高校基础研究 ;5 高校科研基地建设 ;6 合并组建后的新高校科研管理机构重组…     

《技术创新与管理》期刊栏目设置

一、《创新论坛》栏目容纳以下内容:1 .国家创新体系与机制研究;2 高等教育创新体制研究;3 .高校参与国家创新工程的形式和举措;4.高校科技创新体系与机制研究;5 .高校科技创新能力建设;6 创新人才培养;7 创新基地建设;8.促进交叉学科、边缘学科、新生学科成长的体制、机制研究;9.高校与科研机构的联合与协作。二、《科研管理》栏目容纳以下内容:1 高校科技过程管理(计划、成果、经费等)改革的研究;2 科研评价制度研究;3 科研评价指标体系研究;4 高校基础研究;5 高校科研基地建设;6 合并组建后的新高校科研管理机构重组的模式及其运作机…     

浅谈科学基金在学科建设中的作用

本文论述了科学基金保持学科方向的前沿性和稳定性方面,在促进学科整体科研实力、提高学术水平、人才培养和新兴交叉学科的形成等方面的重要作用。     

非竞争性经费支持高校交叉学科研究的探索

交叉学科研究日益成为推动科学技术发展的重要动力,但在国内高校长期得不到有力支持.以中央高校基本科研业务费的实施为契机,北京大学等综合性研究型大学正在积极探索通过非竞争性经费支持交叉学科研究项目的体制机制.以不同学科之间的集成、互补、融合为目标,利用非竞争性经费支持人才队伍建设、基础平台建设及重大项目培育,采取灵活的管理机制,将有利于交叉学科研究工作的全面开展.     

面向新基建交叉学科人才培养推进高校科技智库建设——西北工业大学经验探析

在新型基础设施建设(以下简称"新基建")背景下,我国新基建发展面临巨大的人才缺口,尤其缺乏具备综合创新能力的学科交叉人才。当前学科交叉已经成为科技创新的主要路径、产业升级的重要驱动力以及提升我国综合国力的有力保证,通过分析国内外学科交叉人才培养现状,研究制约我国学科交叉人才培养的主要因素包括理念更新不足、培养模式机制不够灵活、需求牵引不够明确以及人才培养体系仍未完善等。分析高校科技智库具有跨学科专业的天然属性、跨机构领域的基本功能和跨培养环节的必然需求,基于西北工业大学建设智能无人系统科学与技术交叉学科的实践,总结提出高校科技智库在学科交叉人才培养方面应注意发挥前瞻性与综合性、重视科学性与创新性、加强持续性与引领性等发展经验。     

云计算对高校综合改革的推动和影响

随着信息化技术的快速发展,以信息化技术为手段来加快推进高校综合改革成为必经之路,这其中云计算技术则可以解决当前高校发展中遇到的诸多问题。文中通过引用国家层面文件中对教育综合改革的解释,以及通过对云计算定义、特点和基本架构的介绍,阐释了云计算在高校综合改革中所带来的诸如降低高校信息化建设成本、提高硬件资源利用率、丰富高校教育信息资源库、实现优质教育资源共享、改变传统教与学观念、实现数据互联互通、促进科研发展和人才培养,以及简化管理维护工作等方面的优势。因此,构建更灵活、更可靠、更便捷的云计算平台,满足师生的实际需求,服务于教学、科研和管理工作,已经成为高校在推动综合改革工作中至关重要的一部分。     

高校科研团队建设和管理的几个问题

本文简要分析了科研团队建设对优化高校学科资源、提高科研绩效、高层次人才培养和探索基层科研组织改革等方面的重要作用,探讨了高校如何加强科研团队建设和管理,促进高校科学研究发展等若干问题。     

大众化背景下看高校专业设置对人才培养质量的影响

高等教育步入大众化时代以来,高校人才培养质量受到质疑。本文从高校专业设置方面来审视大学生培养质量,在分析当前高校专业设置的不足的同时,从树立多元化的教育理念,发展新兴学科和交叉学科专业,课程的开发与设计三个方面来探讨大众化背景下的高校专业设置,以提高大学生的培养质量。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.