High school students' physical education conceptual knowledge

The value of conceptual physical education knowledge has long been acknowledged (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 1969; Kneer, 1981; NASPE, 1995) yet has not been formally measured or assessed. Seven multiple choice tests with established validity and reliability (Ayers, 2001b) were used to assess the concepts identified in Mohnsen's text (1998). Tests were administered to 3,263 high school students at the schools of 17 NASPE Teachers of the Year in 16 states. On all tests, girls outscored boys, and Caucasians outscored all other racial groups. Examinees' average performance on each test was: motor development (65%), exercise physiology (62%), social psychology (60%), biomechanics (57%), aesthetic experiences (56%), motor learning (53%), and historical perspectives (49%). Analyses of each area determined concepts students knew and did not know.     

Physical activity levels during Dutch primary and secondary school physical education

Abstract

Objective: Physical education (PE) has been attributed an important role in providing young people with physical activity. If sufficiently active, PE lessons could contribute to physical activity levels in youth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the overall intensity of Dutch primary and secondary school physical education (PE) lessons and the influence of various lesson characteristics on these intensity levels. Methods: Between September 2008 and June 2009 heart rates were measured using the Polar Team System in a nationally distributed sample of 913 students in 40 schools in the Netherlands. Results: Overall percentages lesson time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 46.7% and 40.1% during primary school and secondary school PE respectively. Results indicated a sharp decline in girls’ PE intensity levels at the beginning of secondary school. Furthermore, secondary school boys were more active than girls. The high prevalence of teamgames in the Dutch PE curricula might prevent secondary school girls from attaining similar physical activity levels during PE.     

Middle school physical education physical activity quantification: a pedometer steps/min guideline

The objective of the study was to improve physical activity (PA) surveillance of the Healthy People 2010 Objective 22:10 (i.e., 50% of the lesson time engaged in PA) by establishing a pedometer steps/min guideline to quantify time engaged in PA during physical education. A sample of 180 middle school students had their PA measured via pedometry (steps/min) and behavioral observation (PA time). Factorial analyses of variance were used to examine PA differences. Linear and logistic regression, decision accuracy, and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) statistics were used to test steps/min cut points against the 50% PA recommendation. PA differences were not found (p > .01). Steps/min was a significant (p < or = .01) predictor of PA time, and the binary outcome of meeting or not meeting the PA recommendation. A steps/min interval of 82-88 was an accurate indicator of the 50% PA recommendation. The ROC statistic was .97 (p < or = .01), suggesting steps/min was an excellent discriminator of the binary outcome. Pedometer steps/min is a valid, objective, and practical approach for surveillance of physical education PA, a key physical education and public health outcome.     

论体力活动与学校体育

深入探讨了体力活动的定义、理论意义，体力活动在学校体育中的理论地位以及体力活动的相关知识和技能对学生体育实践的意义，以引起学校体育工作对这一概念的重视。     

学校体育与大众传媒的关系

以我国19所高校1806名大学生为研究对象，论证大众传媒和学校体育之间存在的关系和作用。对大众传媒和学校体育之间存在的关系和作用进行全面了解是分析大众传媒影响的基础，有利于创造学生健康成长的良好社会环境。     

Effects of curricular activity on students' situational motivation and physical activity levels

The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effects of three curricular activities on students'situational motivation (intrinsic motivation [IM], identified regulation [IR], external regulation, and amotivation [AM]) and physical activity (PA) levels, and (b) the predictive strength of situational motivation to PA levels. Four hundred twelve students in grades 7-9 participated in three activities (cardiovascular fitness, ultimate football, and Dance Dance Revolution [DDR]) in physical education. ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers were used to measure students' PA levels for three classes for each activity. Students also completed a Situational Motivation Scale (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) at the end of each class. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that students spent significantly higher percentages of time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in fitness and football classes than they did in DDR class. Students reported higher lM and IR toward fitness than DDR They also scored higher in IR toward fitness than football. In contrast, students displayed significantly lower AM toward fitness than football and DDR Hierarchical Linear Modeling revealed that IM was the only positive predictor for time in MVPA (p = .02), whereas AM was the negative predictor (p < .01). The findings are discussed in regard to the implications for educational practice.     

Arab American college students' physical activity and body composition: reconciling Middle East-West differences using the socioecological model

In this study, I conducted focus group interviews with 21 Arab American college students (9 men, 12 women; 9 Muslims, 12 non-Muslims), who were selected for extreme manifestation of religiosity or acculturation, to explore their beliefs and attitudes toward socioecological (SE) factors that facilitated and hindered their individual physical activity (PA) and body composition (I also considered body image and food and eating behavior). To analyze responses, I used a combination of deductive coding, which used levels of the SE model and demographic variable groupings, and inductive coding, to search for common themes among participants within and between research questions. Results revealed that (a) the context of physical activity participation differed by gender; (b) ideal body image was conflicted and varied by gender; and (c) consumption of cultural foods diminished along with Arab social customs related to eating. Interpersonal and cultural/community levels of the SE model were identified as primary influences, with parents regulating and instilling values backed by cultural norms to preserve Arab identity, especially in women. Finally, I identified an indeterminate adjustment period, during which immigrants transitioned between physical activity purpose/form in the Middle East and the United States.     

Student activity levels, lesson context, and teacher behavior during middle school physical education

There is little research on students' engagement in physical activity in middle school physical education (PE). We observed student activity, lesson context, and teacher behavior in 430 PE lessons taught by 126 teachers in 24 schools. Variables were analyzed by mixed-model nested analyses of covariance. Boys were more active than girls overall and during skill drills, game play, and free play. Student activity varied by lesson context, with fitness activities producing the most activity. Class size was negatively associated with student activity. Daily PE contributed a weekly total of 25 min of vigorous activity and 83 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity--much less than national objectives. Results suggest that numerous opportunities exist for increasing student physical activity during middle school PE.     

生命化教育与学校体育教学

生命是教育的基础,教育是为了提高人的生命质量而进行的。学校体育教学作为学校基础教育的重要组成部分,应关注学生作为“整体的人”的发展,引领学生学会生存和做人。从生命化教育的视角构建了新型的体育教学理念、课堂文化、课程内容和课程评价。     

Producing the young biocitizen: secondary school students' negotiation of learning in physical education

Given that the health of the nation is often interpreted in and through the health of the nation's youth, the threat of the ‘childhood obesity epidemic’ garners much attention and it is hardly surprising that physical education has been recruited in the ‘war on [childhood] obesity'. This paper explores how students aged 13–15 years, at a secondary school in Toronto, Canada, make sense of, negotiate and embody the health messages embedded within the obesity-informed Health and Physical Education (HPE) curricula. A post-structural analysis of student narratives reveals the ways in which notions of biocitizenry constitute a visibly ‘healthy’, gendered, engaged, normalized body. The ‘good’ HPE student negotiates health discourse in productive and responsive ways, constructing a virtuous subjectivity and alienating the unruly or undisciplined, unhealthy body in HPE.     

性别意识视角下的中学体育教学

青少年是民族前进和发展的根基,树立正确的性别意识是其合理的人格构建,以及良好品性形成的关键。中学教育作为影响青少年心理发展的主要因素,在教育过程中融合性别意识教育的相关内容,对学生青春期的教育有着重要的促进作用,而学校体育教学作为学校教育的主体组成部分之一,肩负着促进学生身体健康、心理健康和社会健康的三维健康观的重任,通过对中学体育教育方式、方法的探究并结合先进的性别意识教育理论和观念,认为在中学体育教学过程中应消除“别刻板”的教育方式,并在“无性教育”的基础上强调个性差异,同时,教学组织者和实施者应根据学生的实际情况决定性别分班制度,如此才能使青少年在学校教育过程中得到更好的成长环境。     

中学生体育社团实践活动课的实施

实施中学生体育社团实践活动课，能够充分发挥教师的主导性和学生的主体性，克服现代都市环境中不利因素对体育的负面影响，促进学生体育自主化、生活化，有利于全面提高学生的综合素质，完成新的课程目标。     

Familial aggregation of aerobic power: the influence of age, physical activity, and body mass index

Whereas modest familial aggregation of VO2max has been documented after controlling for variables such as physical activity habits, the effect of adjustment for moderating variables has not been directly tested. This issue was addressed in 95 Anglo and 111 Mexican-American families who underwent submaximal cycle ergometer testing. Zero-order correlations of predicted VO2max between pairs of family members were generally weak for both Anglo families (r = 0.04 to 0.35) and Mexican-American families (r = 0.03 to 0.50). Five of 12 correlations were significant. Similar results were found for combined ethnic groups. Adjustment for age, physical activity, and body mass index by partial correlation had few significant effects on aggregation of predicted VO2max. Adjustment for body mass index produced significant decreases in the correlation for Anglo spouses and mother-older child and sibling pairs in the combined group. Although influential moderating variables were not identified, body mass index was found to be a significant, though inconsistent, mediator of aggregation of VO2max. Genetic factors were not strongly supported because of generally weak aggregation in the two ethnic groups.     

中学生分层能力信念与心肺功能、身体活动水平和毅力/努力的关系

本研究旨在考察体育教学中中学生的具体情境能力(自我效能感)、环境能力(能力信念)和整体能力(认知体能),对心肺功能、课堂身体活动水平和毅力/努力的预测效应。研究对象为217名中学生,每隔一天进行一堂40分钟的体育课。研究通过沿用已久的调查问卷评价学生在体育课中的自我效能感、能力信念、认知能力信念和毅力/努力,使用计步器测量课堂身体活动水平,以及采用递增速度有氧耐力跑测试其心肺功能。通过相关分析,得出能力信念与三项指标显著相关:首先,运用回归分析得出自我效能感对中学生心肺功能影响显著,此结果也反映出中学生课堂的身体活动水平。其次能力信念与中学生的毅力/努力呈显著相关。因此自我效能感是中学生心肺功能和身体活动水平的主要影响因素,而能力信念对中学生毅力/努力的作用最为显著。     

健康教育与学校体育的宗旨

目前我国大、中、小学生的体质和健康状况令人担忧，难以达到国家间国力竞争中人才健康基本素质的要求。为此．学校体育确立健康第一的指导思想是顺应时代发展的需要．是广大体育教育工作者最为关注和亟待解决的问题．分析各种人群的健康现状．强调健康教育在学校体育中的重要性．树立全新的体育健康教育观。     

对终身体育与学校体育教育的思考

学校体育教育既是国民体育的基础，又是终身体育的关键，在学校体育教学内容的选择上必须要考虑到终身体育的大众性、二从性，应以发展有氧运动项目、徒手项目为主，同时要重视体育理论的传授。     

对中学体育教学课型设计的思考

从素质教育的观点出发 ,考察了中学体育课的课型与课的类型的区别与联系 ,进而以马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说、教育目标分类理论和课程设计理论为依据 ,构建了中学生体育教学的三种基本课型 ,并对其课型特征、目标定位及教学策略的选择进行了初步研究     

试论健身运动与学校体育

从全民健身作为社会化的组成部分．提出了健身运动的价值观念与学校体育教育的改革;学校体育教学要以培养跨世纪的人才为核心．转变学校体育教育观念．以体育健身运动为准绳,建设学校体育基本框架;把健身教育贯穿于学校体育教育中．为终身体育健身奠定良好的基础。     

中学体育教学中的合作教育

中学体育教学中的合作教育强化了学校体育的德育功能，有益于学校体育中德育内容的完善和德育对象的发展。中学体育教学中的合作教育，主要是对学生进行合作意识、合作精神、合作技能和合作道德教育。为实现教育目标，采取的教育策略是：努力克服影响合作的不良意识．坚持以合作教学方式为手段，为学生创设良好的合作机会，正确处理合作与竞争的关系。