试论民事程序选择权

民事程序选择权是指当事人雀审判过程中依照自己的意志对有关程序事项的选择权。民事程序选择权源于各国法律对程序主体原则的承认，是为了切实保障国民平等使用诉讼制度和接近司法的机会所赋予当事人的基本程序性权利。确立民事程序选择权有助于保证程序的公正性和提高程序效益，有利于提升民事司法的公信度和接纳度。我们应借鉴国外先进的立法经验，完善现有的民事程序机制以保证当事人的程序选择机会的有效行使。     

创立程序协议制度之构想

在最高人民法院2003年9月颁布的《关于适用简易程序审理民事案件的若干规定》中，首次确立了我国程序选择权制度。但如果没有程序协议制度的辅助，程序选择权制度的实行将使司法实践无所适从或者问题丛生。为此，本文提出了创立程序协议制度的主张，界定了程序协议的概念和性质，从理论上论述了创立程序协议制度是程序选择权的内在要求，是规范和保障当事人程序选择权的有效措施，是当事人诉讼地位强化的实质性标志等观点，并对程序协议制度的立法内容提出了自己的构想。     

比较法视野下对世界主要国家民事程序选择权的立法思考

先进的诉讼法制国家普遍将民事程序选择权确立为当事人的一项基本程序权利。关于民事程序选择权,在我国的民事诉讼法以及相关司法解释中虽有规定,但不太系统,且职权主义色彩太浓,导致司法实践中当事人的民事程序选择权大多流于形式。笔者在对两大法系主要国家关于民事程序选择权的立法规定加以介绍,试图通过了解当前世界法治较发达国家的立法规定,立足国情,借鉴国外立法,以期在完善立法方面有所帮助。     

论民事程序选择权

民事程序选择权是各国普遍确认的一项民事权利。民事程序选择权的理论基础是程序人权保障原则、程序主体性原则、当事人自治原则。我国目前在完善民事程序选择权实现的外部保障的同时,需要扩大协议管辖的范围、增设合意选择一审程序与二审程序的权利、增设合意选择法官或陪审员的权利等具体制度的完善。     

试论民事程序选择权

在现代司法理念的指导下,我国民事诉讼法越来越重视当事人的意志及价值取向。而赋予当事人以适当的程序选择权,正是这一变化的重大体现。这是民事诉讼法所欲体现的公正、秩序、效率价值的应有之义,也是我国民事诉讼法改革的必然选择。本文立足于民事程序选择权的理论基础,从我国与各国的立法例比较出发,总结反思了我国民事诉讼法中的有关程序选择权的立法不足,并针对如何更好地赋予当事人以程序选择权,提出完善建议。     

小额诉讼制度完善的进路分析——对民事诉讼法第162条的解读

小额诉讼立法分为两种模式,一种是单纯禁止上诉,另一种是分化出专门的小额诉讼程序。在我国,强化当事人程序权利保障仍然是现阶段的主要任务之一,程序设置原则化有着长期影响,司法活动并不适宜程序分化所要求的精细操作,民事诉讼法修订中采纳了第一种模式,在简易程序中作出禁止上诉的特别规定。根据我国民事司法发展的阶段性,今后完善小额诉讼的重心不是案件处理过程的专门程序体系化,而是围绕小额案件的确定标准以及当事人的选择权、救济权保障等展开符合国情的设计。     

论小额诉讼程序

当今世界各国设立的小额诉讼程序对提高诉讼效率 ,实现司法大众化具有积极的作用。我国现阶段民事诉讼案件日益增多 ,降低诉讼成本 ,减少案件积压 ,及时救济当事人的权利已成为司法改革的重要内容。通过设立小额诉讼程序 ,对案件实行分流处理 ,能够减轻法院的压力 ,也有利于当事人依法快速便捷地维护自己的权利 ,提高国家的法治水平     

小额诉讼程序存在的法理基础

小额诉讼程序是一种简易、快捷、有效的诉讼程序,它为那些争议金额不大、需要成本低廉并快速处理的纠纷提供了有效的解决途径。由于其高效、灵活、成本低廉等特点,目前已受到各国的关注并得到很大的发展。小额诉讼程序的法理基础是其得以生存的价值所在,它决定了小额诉讼程序的运行轨迹和发展方向。世界各国之所以确立小额诉讼程序也正是基于其深厚的法学理念基础。     

福利性价值视域下小额诉讼程序的重构

小额诉讼在改革过程中因未能彻底贯彻福利性价值理念,致使程序构建难以独立,在公正性与效率性方面均不占优势,缺少为当事人主动选择适用的理由。《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第四次修改虽对程序重新作出调整,扩大了适用标的额范围,但仍未将小额诉讼之规定独立成章,发展困境依然存在。改革过程中,应秉持小额诉讼福利性的价值定位,明确其帮助群众接近司法的制度使命,分流筛选案件适用小额诉讼程序,确保当事人实质性享有此种司法福利。在确保庭审有序开展、当事人诉讼权利充分维护的基础上,允许进一步简化诉讼环节。积极构建程序转化与申请再审之外的救济路径,在不违背现有一审终审规定之前提下,以即时复议的方式来帮助当事人就裁判结果进行救济,打消因救济方式单一引发的程序适用顾虑。     

小额诉讼程序的审级建构

我国目前尚未确立小额诉讼程序,多年来我国各地小额诉讼适用简易程序进行审判,在审级上实行的是简易程序的两审终审制。但小额诉讼程序与简易程序二者在特征与价值取向上存在着许多差异。实践中,简易对解决小额纠纷存在不足。基于小额诉讼为了摆脱复杂的民事诉讼的程序模式,迅速、效地解决小额纠纷,保护当事人的合法利益,小额诉讼程序应实行一审终审制。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.