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本文基于投入-产出类型评价分析方法,构建了国立科研机构经费使用效益分析模型,评价了8个国家16个国立科研机构经费使用效益,并对德国马普学会和印度科学与工业研究理事会进行了典型分析。研究结果表明,本文采用的模型基本适用于国立科研机构经费使用效益评价。采用"以市场为导向,对外竞争经费匹配模式"和"倡导科学自治,基于人的经费配置模式"的国立科研机构经费使用效率显示出一定优势。此外,本文也指出了进一步完善国立科研机构经费使用效益分析模型的方向。 相似文献
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We study the employment and sales growth of entrepreneurial ventures that have received a government-sponsored participative loan (PL), a hybrid form of financing between debt and equity. We use propensity-score matching (PSM) and instrumental variable analysis (2SLS) to study a sample of 512 entrepreneurial ventures that received a PL from a Spanish government agency between 2005 and 2011. We find evidence that PLs significantly boosted their beneficiaries’ employment and sales. In the two years following loan issuance, a 1-million-Euro PL generated an increase in average employment of between 12.1 (PSM) and 14.7 (2SLS) units and an increase in sales of between 1.09 and 1.97 million Euro relative to the average for the two years prior to loan issuance. The effect is larger for high-tech, young and small entrepreneurial ventures and for those that received a PL during the global financial crisis. The effect on growth is significant and stable, and PLs increase their beneficiaries’ annual growth by 10.6% for employment and by 18.0% for sales. We do not find evidence of industry or regional spillovers, nor do we find differences in the probability of survival of PL beneficiaries after we control for their characteristics. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104567
This paper leverages on the establishment of Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) as a policy change useful to understand the causal effect of public-funded research centres on the regional innovative capacity. By relying on the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) approach and Italian NUTS-3 panel data, empirical results suggest that the establishment of IIT has positively impacted on regional innovation and high-skilled human capital, as well as on regional growth. The paper also provides evidence of knowledge spillovers from IIT within the hosting region. Finally, these results are robust to a variety of placebo permutation tests as well as several sensitivity checks, or when considering a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach. 相似文献
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高技术研究机构是开展关键核心技术攻关,推动高技术研发和产业化的重要载体,分类管理、分类改革有利于高技术研究机构更好履行自身使命。高技术研究机构与外部主体的互动形式,面向政府或者市场的需求来源,以及涉及的研究领域直接影响其研发模式。基于这三个维度,提炼出“一体式”、“合同式”、“平台式”三种不同类型的研发模式,并构建形成高技术研究机构研发模式分类体系。针对中科院长春光机所、深圳先进院、苏州纳米所进行案例分析,验证分类体系的适用性和合理性,并丰富分类体系的内涵。在此基础上,从形成政府与市场的合力,增强科研人员流动,完善评价激励机制,搭建区域创新平台等方面为完善我国高技术研究机构研发模式提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
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省级文科重点研究基地已成为培育重大项目、优秀成果和杰出人才的示范区和中心重镇。针对基地建设中利益冲突,缺乏有效管理而导致创新能力不足现象,运用利益相关者理论对涉及的利益相关者的角色、责任及影响进行分析。提出建立代表作为主的评价制度、形成利益导向的共同治理机制及实施全面质量管理等措施,提升基地创新能力和管理水平,为各地基地管理提供决策参考。 相似文献
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美国联邦科研机构治理研究综述 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过对现有的关于美国联邦科研机构总体治理、专项问题治理(特别是技术转移的治理)等各类型研究机构治理状况的研究进行分析,发现目前国内的研究未能反映美国联邦科研机构发展变化的最新趋势;对美国联邦科研机构公私合营特征的研究还很缺乏;还未建立起分析美国联邦科研机构治理的有效框架,现有研究较为零散;美国联邦科研机构与中国科研机构的比较研究以及对中国的启示分析还不够深入。 相似文献
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Stephen J Appold 《Research Policy》2004,33(2):225-243
Utilizing county-level data, this paper predicts the growth in the number of private industrial research laboratories between 1960 and 1985. This was a period of rapid growth and spatial reorganization in industrial research activity. A multi-equation model which allows the influence of unmeasured factors and selectivity to be taken into account is used to test the ability of a policy intervention, research parks, to affect the growth in the number of local laboratories. Although the presence of research parks is correlated with the number of laboratories, the analysis indicates that research parks were not effective local development tools but instead benefitted from the growth of research activity. 相似文献
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产业创新政策对微观企业创新绩效的作用效果是当前学术界和政策制定者关注的核心问题。文章将企业创新系统划分为知识获取和技术创新两阶段,并以2006-2016年我国部委及以上级别部门发布的219项风电产业创新政策为研究对象,基于复杂适应系统理论构建"两阶段政策刺激-创新绩效"分析框架,探讨了产业创新政策的微观传导渗透路径和在创新系统不同阶段的作用效果及作用机理。研究表明:单一政策工具在技术创新阶段并无显著影响,但在知识获取阶段中政府鼓励、并网支持作用显著但效果相反,其中政府鼓励因贸易壁垒和缺乏顶层设计对知识获取活动呈负效应;政策工具组合对知识获取阶段和技术创新阶段均有显著影响,但作用效果和作用机理则因政策工具组合方式不同存在较大差异;增强"政府鼓励、并网支持、人才培养"政策工具组合效力是促进风电企业知识获取的有效方式,改善"政府鼓励、金融及财税支持政策"政策组合效力是提升技术创新阶段效率的最佳途径。 相似文献