Policy efforts to increase women faculty in Korea: reactions and changes at universities

Since 2001, the issue of the low ratio of women faculty in universities has been prominent in Korea because of its negative impact on female students and gender equality at the university level that has affected human resource development and utilization at the national level. To address this issue, the Korean government developed and executed an education policy, the Policy on Women Faculty Increase (PWFI) from 2004 to 2006. This paper investigated reactions to the PWFI and changes made as a result of the policy in the conservative Korean higher education context. We found that although the PWFI has particularly contributed to increasing the representativeness of women faculty in areas in which women faculty used to be rare, overall the PWFI has not made significant improvements in most participating universities due to the lack of internal motives and drivers and effective systems to support the policy. Recommendations for improvements in the policy are offered.     

Canadian universities: The impact of free trade and globalization

Canadian universities are governed by provincial statutes and are funded by federal and provincial governments, as well as by student fees. They have had exclusive jurisdiction over admission standards, curricula and the granting of degrees. Even though they are autonomous, they are influenced to act in the interest of Canadian society through the use of buffer bodies (between governments and universities) and Boards of Governors.The passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement has changed these basic assumptions. Since education (including higher education) is part of social programs, and social programs are not exempt from the provisions of NAFTA, higher education will have to adjust to serving not only Canadian society but permit extra-national institutions to deliver their services without requiring the presence of Canadian nationals.These changes are occurring at a time when technology is making possible electronic means of delivery of higher education material. This article is a first exploration of the intersection of knowledge, capital and technology in the context of free trade. It is set in a Canadian context but its reflections have relevance to other countries.     

Broadening participation not border protection: how universities can support women in computer science

Computer science, like technology in general, is seen as a masculine field and the under-representation of women an intransigent problem. In this paper, we argue that the cultural belief in Australia that computer science is a domain for men results in many girls and women being chased away from that field as part of a border protection campaign by some males – secondary school teachers, boys and men playing games online and young men on campus at university. We draw on American feminist philosopher, Iris Marion Young’s analysis of the ‘five faces’ of oppression to suggest strategies whereby Australian universities could support women in computer science and educate men about respectful behaviour and gender equity.     

中美高校教师聘任制比较分析

中美两国高校在师资队伍建设上均实行教师聘任制度,在聘任对象、聘任标准、聘任和解聘过程、聘任类型等方面,既有相同之处,又存在诸多差异。分析比较两国高校教师聘任制的各自特点,有利于我们借鉴美国高校的有益经验,从而促进我国高校教师聘任制更加完善。     

The challenges of delivering public good in Arab universities: faculty perspectives

The contribution of Arab universities to the public good is being greatly compromised by the political and economic instability of the Arab Spring. To understand the role Arabian universities are playing in the public sphere and their ability to contribute to the public good, we interviewed 74 professors from 14 countries. Analysis of the faculty interviews yielded four major challenges: motivation and rewards for conducting research, security and safety issues, lack of a research infrastructure, and the challenges of international recognition. Our findings suggest universities should focus on the two most critical issues over which they have some control: securing safety for the faculty and creating an effective research infrastructure.     

从参与状况看高校女教师的进取意识

本以1980－1999年“中国教育事业统计年鉴”中有关数据为基础,结合中加合作国际课题组,武汉大学妇女研究中心等组织对高校女教师的现状调查数据,通过分析认为高校女教师参与状况不佳的原因在于进取意识的薄弱,提出要使高校女教师充分参与高等教育,必须培养女性主体意识,树立进取意识。     

Foreign-born women faculty work roles and productivity at research universities in the United States

Using the data from the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:04) survey, the study examined foreign-born women faculty members’ work roles and productivity in the areas of teaching, research, and service in comparison with their US-born counterparts at research universities in the US. The findings provided some evidence to suggest that foreign-born women faculty members’ patterns of engagement in work activities contradicted the gendered division of labor in academia. The findings indicated that foreign-born female academics were significantly more engaged in research that was evident in the number of scholarly outputs they produced compared to US-born women faculty colleagues. On the other hand, they seemed to be less involved in teaching and service functions of their work than their US-born women peers. The study could serve as a good starting point to further examine foreign-born women faculty socialization into faculty roles and their academic work culture.     

The irony of globalization: The experience of Japanese women in British higher education

Informal interviews and ethnographic research are usedto identify the motivations of Japanese women to studyin Britain, and to examine their experience asstudents as well as peripheral members of the laborforce. It is found that Japanese women's motivationsto come to Britain to study are encouraged by theforces of globalization, including economic, culturaland intellectual factors. Women are also pushed tostudy abroad by domestic factors, as although Japanhas developed an egalitarian education system for bothsexes, women still encounter conservative social normswhich constrain their lives and limit their jobprospects. Japanese women's experiences of highereducation in Britain are mixed. Some women feel thattheir presence is merely tolerated and that they arenot encouraged in their academic endeavours. Othersfind British higher education gives them theopportunity to develop their critical faculties and tobecome integrated into the life of the institution. These mixed responses are indicative of thecontradictory consequences of globalization ineducation. Globalization has helped to give neweducational opportunities to Japanese women. However,it has also created an international recruitmentmarket in which some higher education institutionsview students in financial terms and not as members ofa scholarly community. One of the ironies ofglobalization, therefore, is that the mutualeducational advantages of cross cultural contact areundermined by a reductive, narrowly economic view offoreign students as a source of revenue.     

The American faculty in an age of globalization: predictors of internationalization of research content and professional networks

A steady stream of studies on high-stakes tests such as University Entrance Examinations (UEEs) suggests that high-stakes tests reforms serve as the leverage for promoting quality of learning, standards of teaching, and credible forms of accountability. However, such remediation is often not as effective as hoped and success is not necessarily ensured. As reasons for such a failure were mostly studied after implementation or at completion phase of a reformed test, i.e., a-posteriori scrutinies, there remain theoretical and analytical gaps regarding policy/planning phase, i.e., a-priori explorations. To contribute toward ameliorating this problem, the present study, based on in-depth interviews with 14 policymakers and proponents of the UEEs reform, detailed their conceptualization of this change in terms of the underlying policies, prospects, and perspectives. The analysis came up with three major frameworks: ‘conceptual image of the intended impacts’, ‘paradigm shift from psychometrics traditions to edumetrics culture’, and ‘ulterior challenges of transition’. The analytic glance further provided corroborating links to two global perspectives on assessment: political and technological perspectives. The findings are suggestive that the technological challenges of the current change intersect with the policies that still envisage the same ‘selecting function’ for the UEE’s alternative. This would thwart the success rate of the ideals or desirable changes aimed by the ‘directing function’ of this reform. The a-priori planning analysis is, thus, noteworthy given that it becomes a terrain for examining the formulated policies and the intended practices, and for evidencing how policy influences and is influenced by the reals of practice.     

The perception of participation in executive governance structures in Dutch universities

In 1997 a new governance act, based on the principles of New Public Management (NPM) was introduced at Dutch universities. The aims were to realise integrated management, to strengthen the position of executives at the central (executive board) and faculty (dean) levels, to introduce a Supervisory Board at the institution’s central level, and to increase the leeway for universities to design its own governance structure. This article reports on a large-scale evaluation of the governance act and focuses on student and staff participation in decision-making and on the actual appraisal of different actors within the universities (leaders, managers, staff, students) of the governance structure of their university. The empirical data reveal a mixed picture regarding the appreciation of the new governance structure, but overall—in contrast with many critical reviews of NPM in higher education—there seems to be considerable endorsement for the present situation.     

大众化进程中我国高校教师队伍发展与政策效果分析

在我国高等教育大众化迅速推进的过程中,高等教育质量问题日益凸显,教师队伍发展问题成为制约高等教育质量的关键性因素。笔者对高等教育大众化进程中我国高校教师整体状况以及不同类型高校教师队伍的规模、学历、结构等要素的变化情况进行了分析,探讨了政府和高校在提高教师队伍水平这一进程中所采取的政策和实施的措施,分析了其效果与存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了提高教师队伍水平的相关建议。     

Localism in faculty governance and participation in the reward system

Faculty at a Midwestern university were classified as either locals or nonlocals on the basis of the institution that awarded their degrees. Nonlocals had earned all of their degrees from universities outside the state; locals received at least one of their degrees at an in-state university. Locals participated most often in the governance system and received significantly higher salaries despite slightly lower research-creativity productivity than nonlocals. Women faculty reversed this pattern for governance with nonlocals participating most often.     

The adjustment problems faced by international and overseas Chinese students studying in Taiwan universities: a comparison of student and faculty/staff perceptions

Over the last 15 years the number of international students studying at universities in Taiwan has increased dramatically; however, to date, there have been few studies that measured the cultural adjustment problems that this diverse group of students experience. To remedy this problem, this study gathered data from 1,174 international students and 189 faculty and staff members at 15 universities in Taiwan that described the extent of these problems in 12 different areas. Using independent sample t-tests and multiple regression analysis, this study found that the cultural adjustment problems experienced by international students were relatively minor, that faculty and staff consistently overstated these problems, and most importantly, problems with the English language explained more of the variation in both student and faculty and staff responses.     

高水平大学实验技术队伍国际化发展研究

分析了实验技术队伍的国际化发展现状以及大学国际化对实验技术队伍提出的学缘结构、知识结构和技术水平方面的要求。提出了设立科学合理的国际化战略目标,引进国外优秀实验技术人才,培养具有国际视野的实验技术人才的实验技术队伍国际化发展建议。     

全球化背景下中国文化的选择

在科技和经济发展全球化的同时,世界文化呈现出多元化发展的格局,中国文化在全球 化的时代中应积极开展文化交流,推进中国文化的现代化;同时,更要注重弘扬传统的民族精神和文化 精髓,保持和发展中国文化的民族独特性。     

The need for Saudi faculty and the media for instruction in Saudi Arabian universities

The past three decades have witnessed rapid growth and expansion in higher education. This study attempts to throw some light on the extent to which Saudi universities have attracted national faculty to match the level of increase in students' enrollment. Another important issue which is discussed in this article is the extent to which Arabic, the national language, is used as a medium of instruction in Saudi universities.Saudi government publications, as well as some international statistical documents, have been utilized in evaluating the possibility of achieving a national faculty and the possibility of using Arabic as the medium of instruction. Practical suggestions are offered to help the higher educational system in Saudi Arabia overcome some of the current problems.     

高校政治辅导员队伍职业化建设探究

高校政治辅导员队伍职业化建设存在着的问题,给大学生思想政治教育工作带来了很大的困难.要很好完成大学生思想政治教育的任务,高校政治辅导员队伍职业化建设势在必行.