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1.
This study is part of a project concerned with the analysis of how students work with two-variable functions. This is of fundamental
importance given the role of multivariable functions in mathematics and its applications. The portion of the project we report
here concentrates on investigating the relationship between students’ notion of subsets of Cartesian three-dimensional space
and the understanding of graphs of two-variable functions. APOS theory and Duval’s theory of semiotic representations are
used as theoretical framework. Nine students, who had taken a multivariable calculus course, were interviewed. Results show
that students’ understanding can be related to the structure of their schema for R3 and to their flexibility in the use of different representations. 相似文献
2.
We investigate students’ negative perceptions about an online peer assessment system for undergraduate writing across the
disciplines. Specifically, we consider the nature of students’ resistance to peer assessment; what factors influence that
resistance; and how students’ perceptions impact their revision work. We do this work by first examining findings from an
end-of-course survey administered to 250 students in ten courses across six universities using an online peer assessment system
called SWoRD for their writing assignments. Those findings indicate that students have the most positive perceptions of SWoRD
in those courses where an instructor graded their work in addition to peers (as opposed to peer-only grading). We then move
to an in-depth examination of perceptions and revision work among 84 students using SWoRD and no instructor grading for assessment
of writing in one university class. Findings from that study indicate that students sometimes regard peer assessment as unfair
and often believe that peers are unqualified to review and assess students’ work. Furthermore, students’ perceptions about
the fairness of peer assessment drop significantly following students’ experience in doing peer assessment. Students’ fairness
perceptions—and drops in those perceptions—are most significantly associated with their perceptions about the extent to which
peers’ feedback is useful and positive. However, students’ perceptions appear to be unrelated to the extent of their revision
work. This research fills a considerable gap in the literature regarding the origin of students’ negative perceptions about
peer assessment, as well as how perceptions influence performance. 相似文献
3.
Teacher Learning of Technology Enhanced Formative Assessment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study examined the integration of technology enhanced formative assessment (FA) into teachers’ practice. Participants
were high school physics teachers interested in improving their use of a classroom response system (CRS) to promote FA. Data
were collected using interviews, direct classroom observations, and collaborative discussions. The physics teachers engaged
in collaborative action research (AR) to learn how to use FA and CRS to promote student and teacher learning. Data were analyzed
using open coding, cross-case analysis, and content analysis. Results from data analysis allowed researchers to construct
a model for knowledge skills necessary for the integration of technology enhanced FA into teachers’ practice. The model is
as a set of four technologies: hardware and software; methods for constructing FA items; pedagogical methods; and curriculum
integration. The model is grounded in the idea that teachers must develop these respective technologies as they interact with
the CRS (i.e., hardware and software, item construction) and their existing practice (i.e., pedagogical methods, curriculum).
Implications are that for teachers to make FA an integral part of their practice using CRS, they must: 1) engage in the four
technologies; 2) understand the nature of FA; and 3) collaborate with other interested teachers through AR. 相似文献
4.
Rafael Martínez-Planell María Trigueros Gaisman 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,81(3):365-384
In this study we analyze students’ understanding of two-variable function; in particular we consider their understanding of domain, possible arbitrary nature of function assignment, uniqueness of function image, and range. We use APOS theory and semiotic representation theory as a theoretical framework to analyze data obtained from interviews with thirteen students who had taken a multivariable calculus course. Results show that few students were able to construct an object conception of function of two variables. Most students showed difficulties finding domains of functions, in particular, when they were restricted to a specific region in the xy plane. They also showed that they had not fully coordinated their R3, set, and function of one variable schemata. We conclude from the analysis that many of the interviewed students’ notion of function can be considered as pre-Bourbaki. 相似文献
5.
We discuss Konstantinos Alexakos, Jayson Jones and Victor Rodriguez’s hermeneutic study of formation and function of kinship-like
relationships among inner city male students of color in a college physics classroom. From our Critical Complexity Science
framework we first discuss the reading erlebnisse of students laughing at and with each other as something that immediately captured our attention in being transformative
of the classroom. We continue by exploring their classroom and research experience as an emergent structure modifying their
collective as well as their individual experiences. As we analyze both the classroom and the research space as a complex system,
we reflect on the instructor/students interactions characterized by an asymmetrical “power” relationship. From our analysis
we propose to consider the zone of proximal development as the constantly emerging and transforming person experience (erlebnisse and
erfahrung). 相似文献
6.
Tiffany Mary Jones 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2009,8(1):35-57
In the past, many Australian state schools avoided teaching about values explicitly. However, the Australian government released
Australia’s first official values education policy in 2005: the National Framework for Values Education in Australian Schools (NFVEAS). This framework represents a local manifestation of the recent international values education movement. This study
contributes to an exploration of what, and who, the government’s construction of Australian values privileges. It uncovered
the dominant discourses inherent in the framework through a critical discourse analysis, framing it in relation to the 16
key values education approaches identified in the literature. The data revealed the document’s strong privileging of conservative
values education discourses, particularly civics and citizenship education, values inculcation and character education. In
practice, some Australian schools have been disrupting this move to conservatism by taking more critical and postmodern approaches.
The paper argues for such alternative practices and policy that is more diversified and student-centred. 相似文献
7.
Juliette D. G. Goldman Graham L. Bradley 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2011,26(4):479-493
Teacher-educators need ways of assessing the adequacy of university curriculum and the extent to which student-teachers meet
learning objectives. One potentially useful tool is Anderson and Krathwohl’s (Addison Wesley Longman, New York, 2001) theoretical framework, which can be applied to assess student-teachers’ knowledge types and their cognitive processes in
critical pre-service curriculum areas such as child sexual abuse and personal safety. This study aims to illustrate the use
of Anderson and Krathwohl’s framework in assessing student-teachers’ learning of pedagogies in relation to child sexual abuse
and personal safety. Participants were a final year cohort of 122 Bachelor of Education (Primary School) students at an Australian
university. Student-teachers’ essays regarding the pedagogical practices that they would implement in teaching about child
sexual abuse and personal safety were content analysed using Anderson and Krathwohl’s framework. Pedagogies identified by
the student-teachers were unevenly distributed across the cells within the theoretical framework. Well-represented pedagogies
tended to reflect mid-level cognitive processes (those of understand, apply, and analyse), and low to mid-level knowledge
types (those of factual, conceptual, and procedural). Under-represented were pedagogies reflecting higher-level cognition
such as creating (in all four knowledge types) and evaluation (of factual and conceptual knowledge). The findings provide
a basis for assessing the adequacy of current university teacher-education curriculum structures. Student-teachers’ understandings
of under-used theoretical and pedagogical strategies can be identified as a guide to enhance their cognitive processes and
knowledge dimensions. This study illustrates a method that has applicability as a diagnostic and assessment tool across a
wide range of pre-service teacher education curriculum areas. 相似文献
8.
9.
A research-based framework for teaching science is a heuristic tool used to help preservice teachers conceptualize many
complexities of teaching while making explicit the strategy to use a research-based body of professional knowledge to inform
instructional decision-making (Clough, 2003, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science, St. Louis, MO). Elementary
preservice teachers frequently struggle to apply this knowledge to classroom decisions (Madsen, 2002, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North Central Association for the Education of Teachers of Science, Bettendorf,
IA). This study examined the effects of using a video case-analysis within an elementary science methods course focused on
the development of a research-based framework. Students in two course sections completed a unit plan, and students in one
section completed the video analysis. Video analysis students’ performance on an oral defense with the instructor was compared
with oral defense performance from students in the unit plan group. Video analysis students outperformed their peers on questions
related to how learning theories influence decisions of selecting content, explaining the use of questioning, and the use
of self assessment strategies. Despite these differences, students in both groups still perceive teaching as primarily accomplished
through activities and have difficulties understanding the critical role of the teacher in promoting student goals. This study
raises issues regarding teachers’ knowledge development during preservice experiences. 相似文献
10.
Babak Abedin Farhad Daneshgar John D’Ambra 《Education and Information Technologies》2011,16(3):227-244
By the proliferation of online courses, the social dimension of computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is becoming
more important than before. Research shows that communicative behavior adaptation to the computer medium is a critical issue
in CSCL social relationship development. Two dominant theories in the CSCL field, social information processing theory and
adaptive structuration theory, argue that individuals do not simply receive the technology passively but they adapt their
behavior to increase benefits from the technology. This paper develops an instrument in order to operationalize the notion
of individual’s communicative behavior adaptability in CSCL. Through an exploratory factor analysis performed on a small sample
of post graduate students of an online degree in an Australian university, three factors have been unveiled: (1) individual
perception of self-representation, (2) individual perception of compatibility, and (3) individual perception of the use of
computer technology. Identification of these factors is expected to facilitate understanding of individuals’ social behaviors
in CSCL environment, which in turn will guide the design of CSCL systems. In addition, the paper examines the relationships
between the extracted factors and four environmental factors: learner’s characteristics, course characteristics, instructor
characteristics, and technology characteristics. The results show that none of these characteristics strongly affect perception
of self-representation or perception of the use of computer technology. On the other hand, a strong relationship was found
between perception of compatibility and learner’s and course characteristics. The reliability as well as validity of the study
is examined and findings are discussed. These findings will provide further insights into the design process of CSCL systems. 相似文献
11.
Antti Savinainen Jouni Viiri 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(4):719-740
The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is a multiple choice test designed to monitor students’ understanding of the conceptual
domain of force and related kinematics (Hestenes et al. Physics Teacher 30:141–158 1992; Halloun et al., 1995, Online at http://modeling.asu.edu/R&E/Research.html). It has gained wide popularity
among both researchers and physics instructors in the United States and elsewhere. The FCI has also been criticized, and its
validity as a measure of the coherence of a student’s understanding of the force concept has been questioned. In this paper
we provide a characterization of students’ conceptual coherence and a way to evaluate it using the FCI. We divide students’
conceptual coherence into three aspects: representational coherence (the ability to use multiple representations and move
between them), contextual coherence (the ability to apply a concept across a variety of contexts), and conceptual framework
coherence (the ability to fit related concepts together, i.e. to integrate and differentiate between them). Postinstruction
FCI results and interview data from two Finnish high school groups (n=49 total) are discussed; the data provide evidence that the FCI can be used to evaluate students’ conceptual coherence—especially
contextual coherence—of the force concept. 相似文献
12.
Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu Hatice Akkoç 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(6):1173-1199
The purposes of this study were to determine preservice physics teachers’ instructional beliefs and to investigate the relationship
between their beliefs and practices. The theoretical framework was based on the combination Haney & McArthur’s (Science Education, 86(6):783–802, 2002) research and Ford’s (1992) motivation systems theory. A multicase study design was utilized for the research in order to focus on a belief–practice
relationship within several examples. Semistructured interviews, observations, and preservice teachers’ written documents
were used to collect data. Results showed that most preservice teachers held instructional beliefs aligned with constructivist
philosophy. Some of the preservice teachers’ beliefs were consistent with their practices while some of them presented different
practices from their beliefs in different placements. 相似文献
13.
Survey data are presented from instructors (N = 114) regarding how they would hypothetically use conflict management interventions within multicultural courses. Findings indicate that participants had more difficulty dealing with conflict directed at the instructor than with cognitive conflict, which involved students’ ideas or beliefs. In addition, higher preferences were associated with the use of relationship‐building interventions across all types of conflict. 相似文献
14.
Edward G. Lyon 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(5):417-435
This paper describes the Assessment Practices Framework and how I used it to study a high school Chemistry teacher as she
designed, implemented, and learned from a chemistry lab report. The framework consists of exploring three teacher-centered
components of classroom assessment (assessment beliefs, practices, and reflection) and analyzing components with the assessment
triangle model (Pellegrino et al. in, Knowing what students know: The science and design of educational assessment. National
Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001). Employing the framework, I report the teacher’s assessment practices, report the alignment in her assessment practices
through the three vertices of the assessment triangle (cognition, observation, and interpretation), and suggest relations
between her beliefs and practices. I conclude by discussing the contribution and limitations of the Assessment Practices Framework
while conducting future research and supporting science teachers in assessing student learning. 相似文献
15.
Effective schools should be superior in both enhancing students’ achievement levels and reducing the gap between high- and
low-achieving students in the school. However, the focus has been placed mainly on schools’ achievement levels in most school
effect studies. In this article, we focused our attention upon the school-specific achievement dispersion as well as achievement
level in determining effective schools. The achievement dispersion in a particular school can be captured by within-school
variance in achievement (σ2). Assuming heterogeneous within-school variance across schools in hierarchical modeling, it is possible to identify school
factors related to high achievement levels and a small gap between high- and low-achieving students. By analyzing data from
the TIMMS-R, we illustrated how to detect variance heterogeneity and how to find a systematic relationship between within-school
variance and school practice. In terms of our results, we found that schools with a high achievement level tended to be more
homogeneous in achievement dispersion, but even among schools with the same achievement level, schools varied in their achievement
dispersion, depending on classroom practices. 相似文献
16.
Min Liu Lucas Horton Justin Olmanson Paul Toprac 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(2):249-265
This study examines middle school students’ learning and motivation as they engaged in a new media enriched problem-based
learning (PBL) environment for middle school science. Using a mixed-method design with both quantitative and qualitative data,
we investigated the effect of a new media environment on sixth graders’ science learning, their motivation, and the relationship
between students’ motivation and their science learning. The analysis of the results showed that: Students significantly increased
their science knowledge from pretest to posttest after using the PBL program, they were motivated and enjoyed the experience,
and a significant positive relationship was found between students’ motivation scores and their science knowledge posttest
scores. Findings were discussed within the research framework. 相似文献
17.
18.
Josephine A. Gasiewski M. Kevin Eagan Gina A. Garcia Sylvia Hurtado Mitchell J. Chang 《Research in higher education》2012,53(2):229-261
The lack of academic engagement in introductory science courses is considered by some to be a primary reason why students
switch out of science majors. This study employed a sequential, explanatory mixed methods approach to provide a richer understanding
of the relationship between student engagement and introductory science instruction. Quantitative survey data were drawn from
2,873 students within 73 introductory science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses across 15 colleges
and universities, and qualitative data were collected from 41 student focus groups at eight of these institutions. The findings
indicate that students tended to be more engaged in courses where the instructor consistently signaled an openness to student
questions and recognizes her/his role in helping students succeed. Likewise, students who reported feeling comfortable asking
questions in class, seeking out tutoring, attending supplemental instruction sessions, and collaborating with other students
in the course were also more likely to be engaged. Instructional implications for improving students’ levels of academic engagement
are discussed. 相似文献
19.