Using multimedia to overcome the problems with problem based learning

Much of the literature on problem based learning (PBL) is concerned with efficacy or with guidelines on design or implementation. Relatively few articles focus on problems with problem based learning, and none that we could find provided suggestions as to how interactive multimedia might help alleviate those problems. In this article we begin with a review of problem based learning including a rationale for its use in the curriculum. Then we identify some of the problems inherent in designing and implementing problem based learning, and end the article with a discussion of how multimedia might be used to address some of those problems.     

多媒体学习中减少认知负荷的研究

多媒体教学能够促进有意义的学习,同时多媒体学习受认知负荷的影响又是十分明显的。在多媒体学习理论框架内研究了具体多媒体学习情境下的认知超负荷现象,提出了相应的减负方法。     

自主学习型多媒体课件的设计

获得全国多媒体课件大赛一等奖的《After Effects影视后期合成》多媒体课件提出利用建构主义和案例驱动教学法指导课件设计,并通过多媒体技术将学习内容展示给学习者,使学习者能够主动参与到学习过程中,同时还可以对相关的技能及时进行实践并加以掌握,制作多媒体课件过程中还普遍存在信息过多等问题。     

A usability study of users' perceptions toward a multimedia computer‐assisted learning tool for neuroanatomy

This usability study evaluated users' perceptions of a multimedia prototype for a new e‐learning tool: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System: A Multimedia Course. Usability testing is a collection of formative evaluation methods that inform the developmental design of e‐learning tools to maximize user acceptance, satisfaction, and adoption. Sixty‐two study participants piloted the prototype and completed a usability questionnaire designed to measure two usability properties: program need and program applicability. Statistical analyses were used to test the hypothesis that the multimedia prototype was well designed and highly usable, it was perceived as: (1) highly needed across a spectrum of educational contexts, (2) highly applicable in supporting the pedagogical processes of teaching and learning neuroanatomy, and (3) was highly usable by all types of users. Three independent variables represented user differences: level of expertise (faculty vs. student), age, and gender. Analysis of the results supports the research hypotheses that the prototype was designed well for different types of users in various educational contexts and for supporting the pedagogy of neuroanatomy. In addition, the results suggest that the multimedia program will be most useful as a neuroanatomy review tool for health‐professions students preparing for licensing or board exams. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating quality properties of usability with principles of human learning during the instructional design process for multimedia products. Anat Sci Ed 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.     

The effect of blended instruction on accelerated learning

While online instructional technologies are becoming more popular in higher education, educators’ opinions about online learning tend to be generally negative. Furthermore, many studies have failed to systematically examine the features that distinguish one instructional mode from another, which weakens possible explanations for why online instructional technology can be beneficial. The current study isolates three benefits of the authors’ particular online instructional technology: (1) providing flexibility in how students learn, (2) offering immediate and targeted feedback and (3) increasing student participation and engagement with instructional material. Maximum benefits were observed when students used the online instructional technology to prepare for their face-to-face class – that is, students with this blended instruction learned twice as much content in the same amount of time in comparison to students with face-to-face instruction alone, without creating an atypically high workload.     

试论多媒体课件在教学中的作用

多媒体课件作为现代教育技术的一种手段，以其丰富的表现形式、巨大的信息传播能力，赋予现代教育崭新的面貌，其在课堂教学、实验教学及网络教学中的作用和优势是不容忽视的。     

Feedback processes in multimedia language learning software

Feedback has been one of the important elements of learning and teaching theories and still pervades the literature and instructional models, especially computer and web-based ones. However, the mechanisms about feedback dominating the fundamentals of all the instructional models designed for self-learning have changed considerably with the interactive multimedia technology of today, which have recourse to a wider range of potential in terms of use and functionality. The study intends to indicate that feedback has double functions： On one hand, it has classic ＂triad＂ functions--feedback as motivator, reinforcement and information--in terms of computer-assisted instruction and, on the other hand, as it is emphasized in this study, it forms the core and maintains the continuity of the machine-learner interaction in multimedia software designed today. This work, originally a discussion paper, consists of a review of the related literature and analyses of the software programs designed for teaching French to adults as foreign language in French module of Multimedia Language Learning Centre at Charles-de-Gaulle University （Lille-France）.     

多媒体教学对学生学习过程的影响

随着计算机信息技术的快速发展,多媒体教学手段目前已经广泛应用于各类学校的课堂教学之中。本文从多媒体教学对学生学习过程的影响出发,探究影响学生学习过程的主要因素,分析了多媒体教学对学生学习过程的积极作用与消极作用,并针对多媒体教学的消极影响提出了通过多媒体教学改善学习效率的相应措施,从而最大限度优化教育教学,保证学生顺利高效地完成各项学习任务,提高学习效率。     

发现学习观CAI课件的教学设计原则的探讨

讨论了发现学习CAI课件设计中应遵循的原则：充分参与，自主发现的原则；设境激情，积极发现的原则；知识学习重要，学会学习同样重要的“双重”原则；合理结构多媒体信息，构建“学”而非“教”的发现学习环境的原则；适当引导，提高发现学习效率的原则。     

中药化学多媒体课件的制作与应用

多媒体课件在中药化学教学中能绘制中药化学成分结构及反应过程,直观展示提取分离操作流程,呈现仪器设备等,不但使课堂讲授形象、生动,而且可拓宽教学视野,增加教学内容的广度和深度,提高课堂效率。将多媒体技术与传统的教学方法相结合,可提升中药化学教学效果和质量。     

Human cadavers Vs. multimedia simulation: A study of student learning in anatomy

Multimedia and simulation programs are increasingly being used for anatomy instruction, yet it remains unclear how learning with these technologies compares with learning with actual human cadavers. Using a multilevel, quasi‐experimental‐control design, this study compared the effects of “Anatomy and Physiology Revealed” (APR) multimedia learning system with a traditional undergraduate human cadaver laboratory. APR is a model‐based multimedia simulation tool that uses high‐resolution pictures to construct a prosected cadaver. APR also provides animations showing the function of specific anatomical structures. Results showed that the human cadaver laboratory offered a significant advantage over the multimedia simulation program on cadaver‐based measures of identification and explanatory knowledge. These findings reinforce concerns that incorporating multimedia simulation into anatomy instruction requires careful alignment between learning tasks and performance measures. Findings also imply that additional pedagogical strategies are needed to support transfer from simulated to real‐world application of anatomical knowledge. Anat Sci Educ 7: 331–339. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists.     

Student attitude and learning outcomes of multimedia computer-assisted versus traditional instruction in basketball

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multimedia computer-assisted instruction (MCAI), traditional instruction (TI), and combined instruction (CI) methods on learning the skill of shooting in basketball. Additionally, a comparison of the students’ attitudes towards the MCAI and TI methods was made. Seventy-five middle school students of seventh and eighth grade were randomly assigned into three teaching method groups: TI, MCAI and CI. Each group received ten 45-min periods of instruction divided into three sections: (a) 5-min introduction, (b) 30-min instructional time and (c) 10-min questions and review. Students took pre-, post-, and retention written test covering techniques and rules of the games. Participants in the CI group also completed a post-test attitude survey towards the MCAI and TI methods. Two-way analysis of variances (ANOVA), with repeated measures on the last factor, were conducted to determine effect of method groups (MCAI, TI, CI) and measures (pre-test, post-test, re-test) on knowledge test. Paired samples t-test analyses were conducted to measure students’ attitude towards the MCAI and TI methods. Post-test results indicated no significant differences between the groups concerning the written test. Nevertheless, the attitude test scores of the CI group were more favourable to MCAI method than the TI method. Retention test results showed that groups retained the knowledge acquisition. However, the combine method of instruction tended to be the most effective on cognitive learning.     

多媒体课件视觉风格定位理念

视觉风格是通过人的视觉通道感知多媒体界面产生认知,形成对事物的表征与意象,同时具有艺术和科学的特征,多媒体课件视觉风格的定位应基于学习认知和审美的视觉风格定位理念,使多媒体课件艺术性和科学性达到完美结合。     

Replacing lectures with multimedia CBL: Student attitudes and reactions

The lectures for two modules which together comprise an introductory course on textiles and textile manufacturing comprising some 70 hours of lectures were replaced by computer-based multimedia learning material requiring a similar amount of study time. In a student project the reactions and attitudes of students to taking the computer-based course were elicited through two questionnaires. The results of the student project indicated that the data was worthy of further study, in particular, the responses to the second questionnaire. In this paper these data are analysed in detail. The attitudes and reactions of the students are linked to features of the material and its use, and to possible more general attitudes of the students. Consideration is given to the study behaviour of the students and ways in which the courseware might be improved are proposed.     

Collaborating with front-line teachers to incorporate self-regulated learning in Chinese language classes

This study aimed to initially explore the possibility of helping front-line teachers to integrate the principles of self-regulated learning (SRL) into Chinese reading instruction in a 1-year collaborative project. A total of 197 Secondary 3 students and 6 Chinese language teachers from a secondary school in Hong Kong participated in the study. The findings of quantitative and qualitative data in this study generally support the feasibility of incorporating the elements of SRL in Chinese reading instruction. Students improved their comprehension performance, intrinsic motivation, strategic knowledge, and strategy use after this learning experience. Teachers also expressed positive attitudes towards the new instruction and made constructive changes on the instructional materials and activities. However, the study found teachers' traditional beliefs might affect theimplementation of SRL instruction. The implications of these findings for understanding Chinese students' capacity for SRL and planning effective reading instruction to enhance their SRL abilities are discussed.     

浅谈合作学习及其在语文教学中的价值

倡导合作学习是课程改革的目标之一。合作学习重视交往，从学科角度看，利于发展思维力；从学生角度看，可满足其身心发展需要，激发学习兴趣，同时促进其社会化进程；从课程建设的角度看，实现了资源共享。     

多媒体教室应用于公共计算机基础课教学初探

多媒体技术是一种重要的教育方式和教学手段，运用多媒体进行教学是现代教学的一种趋势，本文阐述了在多媒体教室内进行公共计算机基础课教学的方法及教学课件的制作。     

Measuring learning gain: Comparing anatomy drawing screencasts and paper‐based resources

The use of technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) resources is now a common tool across a variety of healthcare programs. Despite this popular approach to curriculum delivery there remains a paucity in empirical evidence that quantifies the change in learning gain. The aim of the study was to measure the changes in learning gain observed with anatomy drawing screencasts in comparison to a traditional paper‐based resource. Learning gain is a widely used term to describe the tangible changes in learning outcomes that have been achieved after a specific intervention. In regard to this study, a cohort of Year 2 medical students voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to either a screencast or textbook group to compare changes in learning gain across resource type. Using a pre‐test/post‐test protocol, and a range of statistical analyses, the learning gain was calculated at three test points: immediate post‐test, 1‐week post‐test and 4‐week post‐test. Results at all test points revealed a significant increase in learning gain and large effect sizes for the screencast group compared to the textbook group. Possible reasons behind the difference in learning gain are explored by comparing the instructional design of both resources. Strengths and weaknesses of the study design are also considered. This work adds to the growing area of research that supports the effective design of TEL resources which are complimentary to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning to achieve both an effective and efficient learning resource for anatomical education. Anat Sci Educ 10: 307–316. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

多媒体在职业教育中培养学生学习兴趣的探讨

随着社会的发展,学生的学习能力有了很大的提高,而学习兴趣又是引导学生学习能力的关键,与此同时,多媒体教学又逐渐成为现代教育的主要手段。本文就是从这个角度出发,阐述了多媒体教学在培养学生学习兴趣方面所能起到的积极作用。运用多媒体创设情境、运用多媒体动态演示、运用多媒体虚拟现实、运用多媒体资源共享,来培养学生的学习兴趣。     

《计算机基础》多媒体教学系统的设计与实现

对《计算机基础》课程的教学内容体系进行划分,利用多种多媒体开发工具对该课程多媒体教学系统进行了开发,并指出了开发中应遵循的原则。