大学专业课程双语教学的模式选择及效果评价探析

大学专业课程双语教学有助于学生在掌握专业知识的同时,巩固和提升外语应用能力。目前可供选择的双语教学模式很多,国外常见的主要有：沉浸型模式、维特型模式和过渡型模式等;而国内主要有：翻译型模式、渗透型模式、穿插型模式、半外——混合——全外型模式等。双语教学模式的选择应根据各校自身的条件,选择适当的模式,并可从语言目标、学术目标、文化与社会目标几方面进行评价。     

Assessment of Bilingual/Multilingual Pre-K–Grade 12 Students: A Critical Discussion of Past,Present, and Future Issues

This article examines major unresolved challenges in the assessment of pre-K–grade 12 multilingual students in US public schools. The ethnic educator approach advocates for a change of paradigms in assessment, one that abandons the medical model to incorporate socio-constructivist theoretical perspectives and pluralistic and progressive social justice ideologies that respect, value, and celebrate the cultural-linguistic diversity of bilingual/multilingual students. Past, present, and future challenges in the assessment of multilingual students are discussed, emphasizing the need: (a) for teacher preparation programs to include training in classroom-based assessments, (b) to use the students' first language for linking assessment to academic competence across content areas, and (c) to use classroom-based assessments representing the students' cultural and socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds. Some recommendations for future research on best practices in the assessment of bilingual/multilingual students are made.     

Language Use in a Multilingual Class: a Study of the Relation Between Bilingual Students’ Languages and Their Meaning-Making in Science

In this study, we examine how bilingual students in elementary school use their languages and what this means for their meaning-making in science. The class was multilingual with students bilingual in different minority languages and the teacher monolingual in Swedish. The analysis is based on a pragmatic approach and the theory of translanguaging. The science content was electricity, and the teaching involved class instruction and hands-on activities in small groups. The findings of the study are divided into two categories, students’ conversations with the teacher and student’s conversations with each other. Since the class was multilingual, the class instruction was carried out in Swedish. Generally, when the conversations were characterised by an initiation, response and evaluation pattern, the students made meaning of the activities without any language limitations. However, when the students, during whole class instruction, were engaged in conversations where they had to argue, discuss and explain their ideas, their language repertoire in Swedish limited their possibilities to express themselves. During hands-on activities, students with the same minority language worked together and used both of their languages as resources. In some situations, the activities proceeded without any visible language limitations. In other situations, students’ language repertoire limited their possibilities to make meaning of the activities despite being able to use both their languages. What the results mean for designing and conducting science lessons in a multilingual class is discussed.     

双语学前教育专业《学前儿童科学教育》教学现状及改进策略——以昌吉学院为例

科学素养是国家公民必须具备的素养之一,高等师范双语学前教育专业学生的科学素养,直接影响着幼儿园科学实验活动的开展,关系到幼儿的科学素养能否全面发展,也标志着幼儿教师专业技能的水平高低。但是,我们在《学前儿童科学教育》课程教学的实施过程中发现,双语学前专业的大学生普遍感觉课程理论色彩太强,缺乏实践操作性,枯燥乏味无趣,想要提升双语学前专业大学生的科学技能和科学素养就变得非常困难。为此,针对双语学前教育专业大学生的学习问题进行了问卷调查,并根据调查和研究,提出了改进的措施和策略。     

Code switching for college students on campus

<正>I.Introduction In linguistics,code-switching is the concurrent use of more than one language,or language variety,in discourse.Code-switching is a worldwide linguistic phenomenon existing in bilingual or multilingual communities.College students in China,after years of English learning,are bilingually competent underlying codeswitching between Chinese and English.Studies or research     

彝族地区双语教育类型现状研究

云南、贵州、四川和广西四省区的彝族在语言使用、语言基础及群众意愿等方面存在差异,在具体实施双语教育的过程中,根据各省区的具体实际,采用不同的双语教学模式。彝区的双语教育分为部分双语教育和全部双语教育。部分双语教育的特点是只在民族语文课上或文科课程中使用民族语授课,其他课程用汉语讲课,使用全国统编教材。全部双语教育,指在学校所有课程的教学中均使用民族语。     

关于办好城市社区学院的几点思考

社区学院的定位应是“一点两面”，即全面提高社区人口的综合素质，建立终身教育体系，努力为社会主义精神明、物质明和政治明服务；同时要考虑社区中准备就近入学继续深造的学生和社区成员的职业技能培训和继续教育问题。在办学形式上，社区学院应坚持学历与职业培训、全日制与业余、普通高教与成人高教、现场教学与网络远程教学等多种形式并举，以最大限度地满足社区居民的教育需求。在课程体系上，应根据“预科型”、“就业型”、“证书型”、“趣味型”四种学生类型，构建核心课程、基本课程、实践课程和技能课程。在考试方式上，坚持“宽进严出”的原则，实行“绩点学分制”，学历证书与职业资格证书并重。     

Tongue-Tied in Singapore: A Language Policy for Tamil?

The Tamil situation in Singapore is one that lends itself ideally to the study of minority-language maintenance. The Tamil community is small. Tamils constitute only 4% of the population, whereas Indians constitute around 7%. The history and demographics of the Tamil community are well known. The Singapore educational system supports a well-developed and comprehensive bilingual education program for its three major linguistic communities on an egalitarian basis, so Tamil is a sort of "test case" for how well a small language community can survive in a multilingual society where larger groups are doing well. But Tamil is acknowledged by many to be facing a number of crises. Tamil as a home language is not being maintained by the better educated, and Indian education in Singapore is also not living up to the expectations many people have for it. Educated people who love Tamil are upset that Tamil is becoming thought of as a "coolie language" and regret this very much. Because Tamil is a language characterized by extreme diglossia, there is the additional pedagogical problem of trying to maintain a language with 2 variants but with a strong cultural bias on the part of the educational establishment for maintaining the literary dialect to the detriment of the spoken one. This article examines these attempts to maintain a highly diglossic language in emigration and concludes that the well-meaning bilingual education system actually produces a situation of subtractive bilingualism.     

Bildungssprachförderlicher Unterricht in mehrsprachigen Lernkonstellationen

As large-scale international school evaluation studies of the past decade show, there is a correlation between the academic success and the command of the language used in the classroom. The heterogeneity of linguistic experience, knowledge, ability, and interest in the mainstream classroom therefore requires special attention in the development of academic language and discourse, and presuppose explicit teaching and learning strategies. This contribution discusses “academic language” in its several dimensions and its impact on education research and practice. A strategy for arranging classroom activities is presented, based on socio-cultural theory, which enhances verbal interaction and teacher-guided talk, and integrates academic language and content learning through joint construction. It thus aims to give all students in multilingual settings access to academic language. Analyzing an example of classroom interaction in a German primary school, the paper reflects on the potentials of this strategy in multilingual classroom settings and urges for further systematic empirical research in this field.     

少数民族儿童语言能力优势及双语教育对策

我国是一个多民族国家,民族语言丰富,但少数民族语言的生存状况濒危,民族语言文化保护迫在眉睫。我国少数民族儿童具有语言能力的优势,不仅掌握本民族的语言,还掌握其他少数民族语言和汉语,具有双语或多语能力。我们应当认识并挖掘少数民族儿童语言能力优势的潜在价值,采取多种教育措施,大力发展双语教育,切实做好民族语言文化的传承和发展。     

从白族双语教育中语码转换看双语双文化现象

双语问题是白族教育研究中的一个重点和难点问题。本试从双语个体心理特征出发，探讨在不同的语境里，不同的交流对象前的语码转换现象，分析在多语言社会中双语因母语弱化而产生的语码选择和转换，从化学和语言学的角度探讨白族双语教育中的双语双化现象。     

Bilingual and Multilingual Universities in the Republic of Belarus

The Republic of Belarus is a bilingual country, its two principal languages being Belarussian and Russian. Knowledge of other languages is encouraged; indeed, a specialized higher education institution, the Minsk State Linguistic University, has been created to prepare multilingual specialists in various fields. In addition, several non-state higher education institutions have developed bi- and multilingual partnerships with Western higher education institutions.     

西部医科院校大学生对双语教学的态度及期待调查研究

问卷调查结果显示：学生对双语教学的态度一般为喜欢,认为自己的专业英语词汇量、听力水平、教师英语语言技能等影响了对双语课程内容学习理解。大多数学生认为教师英语语言技能水平及教师的教学策略水平影响了授课效果。经过访谈发现,学生对双语教师在英语语言使用、教学水平的提高尤为期待。文章建议双语教师应该从提高英语语言技能、教学法、信息交流技术、教学管理手段以及专业知识方面的水平来提高双语教学质量。     

新疆学前双语教育情境中民族儿童的汉语发展研究

本研究以新疆学前双语幼儿园384名维吾尔族儿童为研究对象,通过国际通用儿童语言研究工具和汉语语料库研究方法,探讨新疆学前双语教育情境中民族儿童的汉语发展现状。研究发现了学前民族儿童汉语学习呈现不断递升的发展图景,在汉语理解性语义和表达性语义、叙事语言和学业语言,以及汉语平均语句长度等方面逐渐发展的态势,报告了学前民族儿童汉语入学准备的良好前景;根据学前民族儿童汉语语言学习与发展规律,对新疆学前双语教育提出了整合有序的教育模式的建议;同时针对学前民族儿童与汉语为母语儿童之间的汉语语义发展差距,建议新疆学前双语教育重视引入早期阅读理念和图画书资源,为民族儿童的汉语学习构建高质量的语言输入过程。     

论英汉词典中习语翻译的归化与异化

双语词典是沟通两种语言的桥梁，也是传递两种文化的重要手段，因此在双语词典中必然涉及到两种语言的对译，即两套符号的对应。双语词典编纂者在进行词典翻译时就不能将其简单处理为逐字对应的翻译，而要充分考虑如何用目的语更恰当、准确的地表达源语。归化与异化这两种翻译方法强调是从文化层面上来处理源语与目的语的对译，因此，本文将从翻译理论中的归化与异化角度，探讨为我国外语学习者广泛使用的几部英汉词典中的习语翻译，并将其总结分类。     

医学院校双语教学师资培养的探究与实践

在当前双语教学的大环境下,许多医学院校也逐步推行部分医学课程实施双语教学,双语教学课程的比例和范围在不断加大。但双语教学师资短缺一直是医学院校双语教学的瓶颈问题。为了提高双语师资的英语水平,我们加强了双语教学师资的培训,取得了可喜的成绩,积累了一定的经验。     

The University Essay Writing Experience: A pathway for academic integration during transition

The purpose of this paper is to explore ways in which students' experiences during the writing process can contribute to their academic integration. Students ( n = 46) were surveyed on their experiences before, during and after completion of their first major writing assignment. They were also interviewed in focus groups. Data indicate that students perceived several factors that may potentially inhibit their academic integration—some within the broader university context and others pertaining to completion of the written assignment. Findings suggest that interactions with staff and peers during the assignment writing process can provide significant opportunities for integration, provided these interactions are supportive. The study has implications for those who plan, support and deliver first year university courses, particularly those courses involving academic writing assignments.     

新加坡英语教学的嬗变:多语政策和双语教育视角

新加坡实行的多语政策和双语教育制度为其培养具有国际竞争力的人才奠定了坚实的基础。新加坡实施以英语为主导的多语政策有着多方面的原因。总体而言,新加坡的双语教育可分为初步发展期、成熟期和稳定期,每个时期内英语教学的理念、课程设置、教材和教学方法的使用都有所不同,充分体现了国际主流语言教学理念的发展。     

Loosening chronology’s collar: reframing teacher career narratives as stories of life and work without end

This research paper examines the narrative accounts of the academic Spanish‐language development of four preservice bilingual education teachers of different backgrounds, including Mexican‐American, white (non‐Hispanic), Mexican immigrant, and the U.S.–Mexico border Hispanic. The purpose of the study is to discover the kinds of educational forces which may impede bilingual education teachers' development of academic Spanish, look at their own perceptions of their Spanish‐language proficiency, and consider how student learning might be influenced. The stories illustrate how few meaningful educational opportunities prospective teachers have to develop academic Spanish‐language proficiency. They also demonstrate how sociocultural context may impede Spanish‐language development. In short, the paper addresses the need for dramatic social and educational changes if bilingual education teachers in the U.S. are to fulfill one of the basic tenets of bilingual education: the provision of native‐language instruction.     

金融学类专业本科双语教学效果调查分析——基于南京农业大学金融学类本科生的调查

金融学类专业本科双语教学是经济金融全球化下培养复合型人才的有效途径。通过对南京农业大学金融学类专业本科生的问卷调查、分析发现,金融学类专业较宜在二年级、三年级的专业课程中开展双语教学,双语教学中英语授课比例应适当提高;学生学习双语课程的主要障碍是自身外语水平限制和没有足够的语言环境,影响双语课程学习效果的最主要因素是教学方法和手段;学生对本校双语教学总体评价为中等,其中,对双语课程内容安排合理性和教材的选择评价较高,而对课堂英语使用比例和教师口语水平评价较低。文章最后据此提出了相关对策。