国外高等教育分流与社会分层流动研究的特点及启示

国外高等教育分流与社会分层流动研究起步较早,成效显著,在理论依据、研究目标、研究对象、研究内容、研究方法和研究结论等六个方面呈现出从单一取向向二元(或多元)结合转变的特点.借鉴国外经验,我国高等教育分流与社会分层流动研究要加强基础理论建设,确立以研促建目标,重视社会整体调查,注重多元方法分析,强化互动规律探讨,致力互动机制构建.     

美、德高校教师流动机制比较研究

美、德两国高校教师的流动机制主要有四种:晋升机制、招聘机制、任期机制与兼职机制。这四种机制体现了主动流动与被动流动、近亲繁殖与学术交流、学术压力与学术自由及层次结构与教师流动之间的关系。     

教育、社会分层与社会流动

社会分层是应试教育的社会根源。“应试”现象是普遍的 ,而非我国现阶段特有的现象。应试教育的根本问题是社会资源 ,进而是教育资源竞争的问题。在看到社会分层客观存在的现实前提下 ,如何保证教育平等 ,如何通过教育实现社会公平和公正 ,乃是更为根本的问题     

浅析社会流动与教育选择

教育选择对社会流动起了一定的作用，英美学者对此做了阐述。教育选择在某种程度上也就是人才选择，教育对人的发展具有选择与培养功能。要重视教育的两种功能的统一，完善教育选择的手段以及搞好教育分流工作。     

美国高校师资的国际流动:流入与流出

教师是教学理念的具体实行者,高等教育的国际化必须首先实现高校师资队伍的国际化。无论在丰富自身的知识体系和专业经验方面,还是在开阔视野和提高专业素养方面,有众多的原因决定了必须大力推动高校师资的国际流动。美国在高校师资的国际流动方面有着丰富的经验,一方面通过客座教授项目、访问学者项目和教授交换项目吸引了大批国外优秀师资,另一方面通过教师带队出国留学项目、富布赖学者项目和教师交换项目鼓励本国师资走出国门,改善师资质量。     

社会流动:内涵、影响因素以及对策分析

社会流动是社会结构中各个阶层之间互动与分化的过程。社会流动既受社会结构的影响,又受个人特质的影响,国家的制度安排、社会化组织提供的社会资源以及个人后天努力都是影响社会地位提升的重要因素。在诸多影响的因素中,个人的后致性因素是基础性动因。现代社会应提供给社会成员更多的通过获致性因素而改变社会身份的机会。     

Social Mobility,Ethnicity and Sport

This paper considers the extent and possible cultural significance of Afro‐Caribbean male involvement in U.K. sport. An appraisal of the available evidence on ethnic differences in participation, at school and post‐school levels, is undertaken in an attempt to show that not only do members of the group in question seem to place a high value on achievement in sport, but that a growing number may now perceive a sporting career as a potential means of upward social mobility. It is suggested that the apparent orientation of Afro‐Caribbeans towards sport is conditioned by both class and ethnic‐specific factors. The respective influences of the parent culture, school, peer group and mass media are considered, along with the structure of opportunities in both the popular professional sports and the expanding area of recreational sport, in an attempt to assess the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.     

Legal Aspects of Preventing Problem Behavior

Changes to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (Public Law 108-446) (now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, H.R. 1350 (passed both houses of Congress 11/19/04; signed by President Bush 12/3/04) [Google Scholar]: IDEA) mandated new requirements for providing discipline to students with disabilities. These changes led to simplified procedures when students with disabilities commit infractions of the school code. A review of potential legal dilemmas, however, challenges the simplicity of the revised procedures and may actually underscore new legal entanglements to parents and school officials. We discuss what we know about discipline and reasons for an interest in discipline applications, potential legal complications resulting from the reauthorized IDEA, and implications of prevention strategies for students with disabilities demonstrating problem behaviors.     

社会共生理论与社会阶层流动研究

社会共生理论起源于德国生物学家提出的生物学概念"共生",上世纪90年代胡守均教授在此基础上提出了"社会共生论",并把它发展为的一种社会哲学。当前中国社会处于社会转型期,社会阶层分化流动,社会问题频发,为了化解社会问题,必须倡导社会共生论,促进社会和谐发展。     

社会分层、社会流动与职业教育

社会分层是社会结构变化中最主要的现象,社会分层是通过社会流动而形成的,我们通过掌握社会流动来掌握社会结构的变化、发展规律,职业教育是促进社会结构合理化的动力,文章通过对社会分层,社会流动的分析,提出通过职业教育来改变现有的社会分层,促进社会合理的流动,从而促进社会结构更加合理.     

社会流动的现状、原因和规则

社会流动是指个体或者群体在不同的社会经济地位之间的流动。对于社会流动的原因,美国学派认为个人的态度和行为是社会流动的主要原因,而欧洲学派则认为社会流动的主要原因是社会结构的转变。事实上,社会流动既受社会结构的影响,又受个人特质的影响,其流动规则有先赋性和自致性。现代社会应提供给社会成员更多的通过获致性因素而改变社会身份的机会。     

教育在社会流动中的作用

教育是获得能力最重要的手段,也是社会成员实现上升流动的重要阶梯,在社会流动中发挥着重要的背后支持作用,它在导引社会成员的价值取向,改变社会成员的社会地位,保证社会流动的公平公正和形成合理的社会结构等方面产生作用。     

学术人才国际流动及其启示

学术人才(acactemic staff)指的是那些以学术研究、传播为职业的人才,一般可包括在高等教育机构、公共研究机构、私人研究机构开展学术研究的人员。本文论述的范畴主要集中于在高校从事教学、科研及以学术为基础的社会服务的教师、研究人员,也包括开展短期研究的合同研究人员(Gontract     

International Faculty Perceptions of Departmental Climate and Workplace Satisfaction

For this study we used the 2011–2014 survey data collected by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE) at the Harvard Graduate School of Education to examine the degree of international faculty members’ satisfaction with autonomy, interactions with colleagues, departmental climate, and recognition and the effect of these elements upon the overall workplace satisfaction of international faculty members relative to their U.S. citizen peers. This study helps identify factors that can enhance international faculty members’ satisfaction in order to aid institutions in their efforts not only to recruit the best talent but also to support and retain such talent.     

Social Aspects of CSCL Environments: A Research Framework

Although there are research findings supporting the positive effects of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), problems have been reported regarding the learning process itself, group formation, and group dynamics. These problems can be traced back to impeded social interaction between group members. Social interaction is necessary (a) for group members to learn from each other in a CSCL environment and (b) for socioemotional processes to help create a social space where trust, sense of community, and strong interpersonal relationships exist. This article introduces a theoretical framework consisting of three core elements: sociability, social space, and social presence, along with their relationships with group members’ mental models, social affordances and learning outcomes. It postulates that the three core elements influence the social interaction needed for both learning and the emergence of a social space. This framework serves as a basis for a research agenda for systematic social CSCL research.     

农村社会职业流动与社会效应分析

中国目前处于经济社会迅速发展的时代,农村地区的人口流动与日俱增。农村社会劳动力向外流动主要表现为职业上的流动,职业流动的主要形式包括职业上的地域、种类、地位和代际的流动。不同的农村社会职业流动现象,反映的是城乡之间的固有差异。在农村社会流动日益增多的背景下,产生的社会效应也表现在多方面。从农村职业流动的角度出发,分析了职业流动产生的原因及形式,探寻了农村职业流动带来的社会效应。     

Social Competence of Learning Disabled Children: Cognitive and Emotional Aspects

The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of social competence among learning disabled children, as reported by themselves and their teachers, and the cognitive and emotional aspects that mediate its level. The sample consisted of 40 learning disabled children and 37 matched nondisabled children. Within Harter's competence model and Schaefer's spherical model, the learning disabled group demonstrated lower levels of competence and adjustment and a less mature concept of competence than did their peers. The social competence of the learning disabled children was accounted for by emotional and physical aspects of competence, similar to that found in younger and in children with an intellectual disability, whereas the social competence of the nondisabled peers was accounted for by a combination of academic, cognitive and self‐esteem aspects. Teachers rated the social competence of both groups of children as mediated by introversion and general competence. However, teachers added physical competence to the explanation of the learning disabled group's social competence, whereas they added task orientation to the explanation for the nondisabled group. Intervention planning should be geared toward increasing the social competence of LD children, through alerting teachers to their less mature self‐competence concept, with its special emphasis on nonacademic aspects.     

国际一流大学师资队伍建设的比较研究

本文从师资结构、师资制度建设和教师文化三个方面对美、英、德、法、日等国一流大学师资队伍建设进行了比较分析。借鉴国际经验并结合我国国情,对我国的高校在教师任用、教师考核、教师学术自由、教师进修、学员结构、薪金结构等方面提出了一些建议。