Public and Private Higher Education Institutions--Joint or Separate Evaluation and Ranking: The Polish Perspective

Since 1989, Polish higher education has been characterized by the emergence of a private sector of higher education as well as by the development of procedures and institutions for the evaluation and accreditation of higher education institutions and programmes in both sectors. Currently, the two sectors are evaluated separately by separate institutions. The authors call for the convergence of the two higher education sectors. Not only would evaluations of Polish higher education institutions thus be made more accurate and comprehensive, but the two sectors would learn from one another, and the private institutions and their students would become eligible to receive state grants.     

研究型大学的困境与出路

中国在争创世界一流大学的过程中,在一定程度上是以美国的研究型大学为楷模。但是,高等教育技术革命,教育工程化管理,规模经济和市场扩大使教育市场由零碎型走向集中,非研究型但却是第一流的教学型大学和营利性高等教育的竞争,使美国的研究型大学受到了严峻的挑战。对中国和国际高等教育的大趋势的分析表明,研究型大学与教学型跨国大学(公司)一体化的模式有可能使中国的若干名牌大学既发展成为一流的教学型大学,也显著地增加迈向世界一流的研究型大学的条件。     

美国营利性高等教育机构进入资本市场的产权制度研究

20世纪70年代后,随着世界范围内高等教育财政危机的到来,高等教育市场化进程加快,市场机制逐渐被引入到高等教育领域中来,教育产业与教育市场进入了一个新的阶段。营利性高等教育机构相继在许多国家出现,并取得了较好的经济、教育和社会效益。它们与资本市场的联姻不仅震惊了高等教育学界的学者,也吸引了华尔街投资者的青睐。本文将以美国七家营利性高等教育机构（简称G-7）为例,对营利性高等教育机构进入资本市场的产权制度进行研究。     

CHANGING POINTS OF VIEW ON EVALUATION

The slow process of introducing a system of quality control and accreditation into Polish higher education since the political changes of 1990 is described. The decentralization of the state system of higher education in reaction to communist over‐centralization and the growing number of private institutions of higher education have made some system of quality control and accreditation operating at national level necessary. A TEMPUS project,” Advice for the Ministry of National Education on the Organization of a National Higher Education Accreditation Centre”, is described. The need for additional research on aspects of quality evaluation in higher education is recognized.     

Perspektywy --Ten Years of Rankings

The editor-in-chief of Perspektywy, a major educational publication house in Warsaw, Poland, describes a major activity of his organization, namely the ranking of secondary schools and higher education institutions. Indeed, Perspektywy is the major Polish organization providing rankings and elaborating league tables of Polish higher education institutions. In particular, Perspektywy has teamed up with a leading Polish newspaper, Rzeczpospolita, to produce major rankings in separate listings of the main state-operated and private higher education institutions. The author explains the methodologies employed for both sets of rankings and argues that his organization provides a valuable service to college-bound youth and their parents.     

The Role of Private Universities and Colleges in the Spatial Restructuring of Higher Education in Poland

The development of private higher education institutions in Poland since 1989 has become a thorny political issue. The question is discussed in terms of the overall expansion of higher education in Poland, the Polish national development strategy, the spatial distribution of higher education institutions in Poland, and the role of higher education in the formation of the Polish national e´lite. The author argues strongly in favour of the equal treatment of private higher education.     

高校社会声誉评价指标体系研究

在“互联网+”时代，声誉越来越成为高校之间竞争与高校评价的关键因素。已有的高校社会声誉评价侧重主观的定性评价。因此，本研究尝试采用定量评价方法，以高校社会声誉内涵为基点，从高校社会声誉生成机制出发，构建一套量化测度高校社会声誉的指标体系，并以我国104所公办本科院校为实例，验证了评价指标体系的有效性。研究结果可为完善我国高校评价体系提供借鉴。     

高等教育研究的两种取向:本质主义与非本质主义

我国的高等教育研究是以本质主义思维方式作为指导思想的,并以学科理论体系建设和建立精确、可操作的研究结论作为自己的价值追求。但在反思了中国高等教育管理体制改革的历程和指导思想之后,特别是在中西学术交汇过程中逐渐地接受了非本质主义的思考方式之后,我国高等教育研究的风格发生了巨大变化,开始走向多元化。展望未来,我国的高等教育研究将在本质主义与非本质主义之间寻求平衡并获得突破,这将会促进中国高等教育研究更趋成熟。     

Polish Higher Education

This study analyzes degrees of differences between the private and public sectors of Polish higher education. It finds them to be strong: Polish private institutions function very differently from Polish public institutions and these differences correspond with those found in the literature on higher education elsewhere in the world. Polish intersectoral differences follow directions anticipated from the global literature. The study also provides material usable in policymaking by government agencies, public-private universities, and families.     

Problems of Quality Assessment in Polish Higher Education

Beginning with a discussion of the need for and the criteria of quality assessment and accreditation in higher education, the author gives a rapid survey of western European practice. She then introduces the Polish situation in which two organizations have proposed higher education evaluation and accreditation systems: the General Council for Higher Education and the Institute of Contemporary Civilisation. Both organizations have developed pilot projects with selected Polish higher education institutions. The author summarizes the criteria and procedures of the evaluation systems of both organizations. She concludes by mentioning the results of a recent Polish‐American Seminar on Accreditation and Quality Assessment.     

法国科研体制与当前改革

法国公共科学研究实际上由专门研究机构和高等教育机构共同承担。本文概述了法国科研体制与法律环境,法国高等教育科研"增值"的机制、过程与结果,同时简析法国大学、科研机构和企业三足鼎立的特点。法国国家科学研究中心与大学的合作提高了法国大学的创新力,但大学与大学校的联系不够密切,影响了各自科研能力的发挥。     

空间分布、地域特色与发展策略——当代中国比较教育研究的现实图景

自20世纪80年代初比较教育学科在我国恢复重建以来,30余年间我国比较教育研究在空间分布上呈现出点多、线长、面广的总体特征,在地域特色上呈现近攻、远交、内和的犄角发展态势,而在未来发展的策略上,各地将主要围绕崇术、贵用、尚学三种功用交相竞逐而进。     

民办高校督导制度的建立与完善

当前我国民办高等教育发展进入了一个新阶段,在取得显著成绩的同时,也出现了许多新情况、新问题。民办高校督导制度正是在民办高等教育发展的特定阶段和特殊背景下,政府为加强民办高校规范管理而推出的一项新型的教育管理制度。实践表明,该制度的实施已取得一定成效,但其在设计和运行中仍存在一些问题和矛盾。本文在调查研究的基础上,对相关问题进行了思考和分析,并结合实际,就如何改进和完善民办高校督导制度提出了若干对策建议。     

Determinants of higher education choices and student satisfaction: the case of Poland

The dynamic changes in tertiary education that were observed in Poland for the last 20 years transformed the Polish educational market and led to the immense expansion of educational institutions. The rapid increase in the number of students that continued until 2006 is however over and Polish universities have begun to compete for their clients. Increased competition along with the pessimistic forecasts for Poland with regard to demographic changes result in the growing demand for the knowledge on determinants of student educational choices and satisfaction. Although the amount of studies in this field is growing, Poland is still substantially underrepresented in the current research. The purpose of this article was to examine the underlying factors behind the choices that Polish students make while pursuing their tertiary education. The research method that combines focus groups’ discussions and a survey study among 1,420 business major students helped us to identify the factors behind three phases of the decision making process: pursuing higher education; information search along with final choice of a university; and satisfaction from chosen studies. Our research implies that decision making with regard to tertiary education is multifaceted and longitudinal as it combines a different set of factors in each stage of the decision making process.     

论德国高等学校科研经费筹措的现状、问题和对策

德国高等学校的科研经费制度是由基本资助和科研项目资助组成的双轨制,第三渠道经费来源多样化且极富特色.德国高等学校科研经费筹措中的主要问题是:与非大学系统相比,高等学校的科研竞争力有所下降;宏观和微观方面的科研资助组织体系尚不够健全;科研经费管理制度缺乏一定的灵活性.当前德国高等学校科研经费筹措的主要改革举措包括:逐步增加高等学校科研经费投入的数量和比例,促进地区和高等学校间科研经费投入的均衡化,促进科研直接成本和间接成本的相匹配并提高使用效率.     

Sector differences in the role of institutional research in informing decision making and governance in higher education

The intent of the authors in preparing this paper is to compare and contrast the roles of Institutional Research in informing decision making and governance in higher education. Using a case study format the authors will provide an example of a research project conducted within each of the following sectors of United States higher education system: private 4-year not for profit, public major research institutions/private specialized institutions, and a pubic state university system. The first case study from the private sector will feature a mixed methodology study that used data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and student focus groups to explore student engagement at this institution and inform faculty development. The second case study will compare the use of data for decision making from the standpoint of large public research institutions and private specialized institutions. The third case study from a state university system focuses on recent initiatives in the public sector to inform the public, the institutions, the State, and the federal government using data from institutional research offices, student engagement surveys, and student learning assessments shared through consortia and national associations. These examples will be discussed within the structure of decision making and governance in higher education.     

职业教育研究热点与前沿分析——基于中国知网文献

职业教育作为推动经济增长的重要战略之一,吸引了国内外学者的眼球。本研究以中国知网为平台,对其1998-2019年所收录的篇名包含“职业教育”或“职业技术教育”检索词的3290篇CSSCI期刊论文进行可视化分析。研究结果发现:我国职业教育研究的研究人员和研究机构较多,但还没有形成具有高影响力的关联性研究团体;目前虽已形成高等职业教育、中等职业教育、校企合作、农村职业教育、职业教育发展、人才培养等36个研究热点,但主要集中于高等职业教育、校企合作和现代职业教育体系研究三个方面;最新的研究前沿是现代职业教育体系建构和职业院校发展,这两个前沿点也是我国职业教育亟待突破的方面。     

高等学校法律地位变革的功能导向与风险因应

伴随着高等学校任务体系的持续扩张,高等学校法律地位变革的功能导向不断强化。在大陆法系国家,高等学校通常具有基本权主体、国家机构或公法设施以及民事主体或公法意义上的法人等“多重”且“交叠”的法律地位。在英美法系国家,高等学校作为“混合型机构”的特征日益凸显。经由普通法与成文法的持续发展,形塑出高等学校作为自治机构、公共当局、非营利性机构以及贸易实体或法人等不同类型且富有“张力”的法律地位。高等学校法律地位变革中功能导向的强化,既为高等教育治理中多元利益的整合提供了可能,也客观上导致高等学校作为学术机构本质的式微,并衍生出自治权限萎缩、利益冲突状况加剧、教师权利危机凸显等诸多风险。在此背景下,如何调整学术子系统与法律系统之间的复杂关系,如何在传统与现代之间保持必要的张力,构成大学法研究的前沿议题。     

地方院校对高职通识教育本质与实现途径研究的表达

高职通识教育研究是高职教育人对高职教育本质认识的一种深化和凝练,是对高职人才成长规律的透视。高职教育与传统高等教育的差异自然造成高职通识教育不同于已有的通识教育。本文所指高职通识教育的本质是高等教育文化价值在高等职业教育领域的具体化,它是基于专业又高于专业的、引领高职生以高等文化方式学习工作生活的教育,从地方高职院校的角度,提出目前高职通识教育的实现途径也要区别于普通本科的通识教育。     

卓越本科生科研训练体系构成要素及运行机制——基于美国高校实践的分析

本科生科研训练是培养创新人才的重要举措.美国高校在20世纪60年代开始实施本科生科研训练,迄今已经形成了较为完善的训练体系,积累了丰富的经验.美国专业机构—本科生科研理事会根据会员高校多年来的实践经验,总结出了美国本科生科研训练体系的12个构成要素,即目标定位、组织管理、校园文化、研究项目、配套课程、暑期研究计划、成果管理、激励措施、评价机制、资金支持、研究平台和师资力量.本研究结合美国高校实施本科生科研训练的具体案例,对这12个要素及其运行机制展开分析.