世界优秀男子铅球运动员投掷技术的生物力学分析

通过对运动员技术解析所提供的世界优秀男子铅球运动员的生物力学参数,对运动员的技术进行比较,分析了滑步和旋转推铅球技术之间以及不同旋转技术类型之间所存在的差异。重点研究了铅球本身和运动员身体的加速问题,从而得出了运动员和铅球这一系统的加速到出手阶段铅球最后加速动作序列过程变化特征,为高水平铅球运动员技术训练提供理论依据。     

鞭腿的运动生物力学分析

文章运用生物力学原理,对散打动作鞭腿进行了力学分析,指出了影响其运动速度,击打力度,身体稳定性等因素;并据此构建出鞭腿的最佳技术模式,为教学、训练提供了理论依据。     

Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods

The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of sprint performance outcomes measured with an iPhone application (named: MySprint) and existing field methods (i.e. timing photocells and radar gun). To do this, 12 highly trained male sprinters performed 6 maximal 40-m sprints during a single session which were simultaneously timed using 7 pairs of timing photocells, a radar gun and a newly developed iPhone app based on high-speed video recording. Several split times as well as mechanical outputs computed from the model proposed by Samozino et al. [(2015). A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12490] were then measured by each system, and values were compared for validity and reliability purposes. First, there was an almost perfect correlation between the values of time for each split of the 40-m sprint measured with MySprint and the timing photocells (r?=?0.989–0.999, standard error of estimate?=?0.007–0.015?s, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)?=?1.0). Second, almost perfect associations were observed for the maximal theoretical horizontal force (F₀), the maximal theoretical velocity (V₀), the maximal power (P_max) and the mechanical effectiveness (DRF – decrease in the ratio of force over acceleration) measured with the app and the radar gun (r?=?0.974–0.999, ICC?=?0.987–1.00). Finally, when analysing the performance outputs of the six different sprints of each athlete, almost identical levels of reliability were observed as revealed by the coefficient of variation (MySprint: CV?=?0.027–0.14%; reference systems: CV?=?0.028–0.11%). Results on the present study showed that sprint performance can be evaluated in a valid and reliable way using a novel iPhone app.     

提高举重运动员上挺能力的探讨

上挺技术是举重竞赛动作的一部分,也是挺举的重要环节,无论是高水平的国际或国内比赛中,上挺的失败总是很高,抓住上挺的主要矛盾,去处理好力量和技术上的相关问题,使二者有机地结合起来,拟解决上挺的成功问题。本文通过文献资料、专家访谈、现场观察等方法对上挺技术及提高上挺能力进行研究,发现直接影响上挺失败的原因有1.技术不正确;2.选材单一;3.体力与专项力量不足;4.赛前上挺能力训练的不足。     

四川省举重运动员心理疲劳监测研究--以备战第十二届全运会的五名举重运动员为例

研究以备战第12届全运会的5名四川省举重运动员为研究对象,通过跟踪测试肌酸激酶、睾酮等生理指标和选择反应时、闪光融合频率等心理指标,监控举重运动员赛前训练,以备战全运会,了解心理疲劳的状态,帮助运动员保持良好的心理状态,创造优异的成绩。研究对参加12届全运会的四川省举重队运动员黄忠获男子85KG级银牌;袁王建获得女子63KG级第8名有一定的支撑作用。     

速滑直道滑行技术的生物力学诊断

运用三维摄像收集了国家速滑队优秀运动员的数据和资料,对直道滑行中的滑跑动作进行了生物力学分析。分别从不同的滑行距离关节角度的变化、质心横向位移、蹬伸幅度和蹬冰角的变化角度等方面阐述了我国选手的技术现状和不足之处。     

四川省男子举重后备人才培养现状和对策研究

通过文献资料法、观察法、调查法、数理统计和逻辑方法等,对四川省男子举重后备人才的培养现状进行了多年系统研究,并得出以下结论：后备人才培养质量不高,参加业余训练的人数不多,分布不均衡;训练条件不够完善;基层教练员岗位培训机会不多,科学训练意识不够强,选材科学化水平尚待提高;运动员学训矛盾尚待解决;少年举重运动员参加全国比赛机会极少,奖励机制不够完善。并对四川省男子举重后备人才未来发展提出以下几点对策：加强基层教练员培养,形成高水平的教练员群体;多渠道筹集资金,改善基层训练条件;多组织和参加全国比赛,进一步完善教练员和运动员奖励制度;畅通运动员进出口机制。     

数字图像技术在女子举重技术诊断中的应用

随着举重运动的迅速发展,水平日益提高,差距逐步缩小,技术的正确合理就显得十分重要。我们采用数字图像处理系统,根据生物力学的原理,对我省女子举重队某队员的抓举动作进行了分析。着重研究了杠铃重心的轨迹及速度;肩关节、膝关节和髋关节的角度变化。发现该队员存在下蹲到上举阶段,杠铃偏向支撑面前部;发力瞬间,关节伸展不充分;上举的锁肩提肘动作太小。数字图像技术对于举重项目的技术诊断不失为一种有效的手段。     

举重运动员运动损伤特征与预防

通过访问法、数据统计法、文献资料法等研究方法,对福州市30名举重运动员损伤原因特点分布的部位具体深入地分析,得出有效地举重预防措施。必须从运动训练学角度出发,紧密结合举重技术和训练特点,并使举重运动员了解掌握预防运动损伤的一些有效方法,从而减少举重运动员损伤的发生和损伤的程度,提高训练效果。为教练员、运动员更好的取得优异成绩做出一定贡献。     

Lifting ‘Round the World': The Goodwill Weightlifting Tours of 1955

Abstract

In the first visit by American athletes to the Soviet Union since World War II, the U.S. weightlifting team included 340-pound Paul Anderson who startled the sports world in June of 1955 by pressing a world record 402 pounds, exceeding that of his Soviet adversary by 77 pounds. The admiration evoked by his colossal size and strength encouraged the State Department to send Anderson and other weightlifters on goodwill tours to counter Soviet expansionism in the Middle East and South Asia. The first tour evoked praise from President Dwight Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon, but the second tour proved disappointing when Anderson was unable to perform as expected and Coach Bob Hoffman made disparaging remarks about local customs, thus inadvertently planting seeds of ill-will. The 1955 weightlifting tours illustrated the likelihood of unanticipated consequences and limitations of using athletics as a Cold War strategy to counter Soviet influence in non-aligned countries. Previous accounts have provided chiefly macroscopic views with only a vague notion of what transpired on the ground during goodwill tours. This study provides a closer view of how they were conducted, examples of interaction between visitors and locals, and their failure to fulfil the strategic aims of the Eisenhower Administration.     

王海龙打破94kg级抓举全国纪录前的训练分析

采用文献资料法、调查访问法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对王海龙打破94kg级抓举全国纪录前的训练调查访问、研究分析、对比统计和分类统计,总结出提高我国男子大级别举重运动员抓举成绩的途径,供同仁参考。     

对我国第八、九届全运会女子举重成功率与运动成绩相关的研究

通过第八届和第九届全运会总成绩前六名的优秀女运动员的成功率与运动成绩的统计及其分析 ,探讨举重试举成功率对提高举重运动技术水平与充分发挥竞赛技术水平的关系。     

对江苏地区举重运动员运动损伤情况的调查分析与预防措施

运动损伤是困扰运动员的重要影响因素,在举重项目中表现得尤为突出,举重是一种竞争性很强的体育运动项目,是力量、技巧、智力的较量,由于其竞争激烈,再加上该运动项目强度很大,技术动作不好掌握等原因,使得运动员在运动训练或比赛当中的损伤发生率较高。本文通过问卷调查法和数理统计法对江苏地区举重运动员的损伤状况进行调查研究,针对损伤部位损伤种类,损伤原因,损伤的多发季节等若干方面进行了相关分析和讨论,并针对这些常见的伤病问题提出了有关预防损伤的建议,为今后减少或避免运动损伤的发生以更好的促进举重教学训练进展以及比赛的开展提供一定的参考性的意见与建议。     

Modern Weightlifting and Emerging Communities of Malayan and Singaporean Weightlifters during Pre-Second World War and Post-War British Colonial Rule, 1900s–1959: Competing in the Asian Games,Empire and Commonwealth Games,and Olympic Games

British Malaya consisted the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca, and Singapore), Federated Malay States (Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang), and the Unfederated Malay States (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, and Johore). This study attempts to document the development of weightlifting into two periods. During the first period of the early twentiethcentury the wealthy Straits Chinese community promoted weightlifting in the Penisula. As the Malayan economy grew and produced a working class population, the other Chinese and Malay communities set up clubs to practice weightlifting. The Singapore Amateur Weight Lifting Federation (SAWLF) was founded in 1934 to organize competitions according to the British Amateur Weight Lifting Association (BAWLA) regulations. In 1936 a Chinese weightlifter represented China at the 1936 Olympic Games. The second period occurred after the Japanese occupation (1942–1945). Singapore was separated from the rest of British Malaya in 1946. The Singapore Olympic and Sports Council (SOSC) was established in 1947. The Federation of Malaya Olympic Council was founded in 1953 and Malayan Amateur Weight Lifting Federation (MAWLF) in 1955. The Malayan and Singapore weightlifters competed separately at the Asian Games, Empire and Commonwealth Games, and the Olympic Games. Later, Malaya and Singapore became independent states in 1957 and 1959.     

经典女子箭步式上挺关键技术环节的运动学分析——基于廖秋云世锦赛破挺举世界纪录动作的技术诊断

目的:为国家举重队备战东京奥运会提供科技支撑及举重的运动训练乃至运动员选材提供科学依据。方法:采用德国SIMI-Motion7.50三维运动解析系统对廖秋云打破世界纪录的挺举技术动作视频进行解析,解析的采样频率为50 Hz,运用截断频率为6Hz低通滤波对原始数据进行平滑处理,使用DLT计算空间坐标。结果:①廖秋云提铃至胸阶段的技术堪称完美,准备姿势合理,引膝动作完成质量高。采用积极的伸髋发力,且躯干角度保持80.27deg至77.62deg之间,有利于腹背肌群参与发力。屈髋屈膝接铃,杠铃回落距离为身高的19.61%,属于合理的杠铃回落距离。②上挺阶段,过渡阶段和预蹲制动阶段用时过长。准备姿势站距的调整将降低杠铃所需送达的最终高度,且有利于上挺动作的稳定性。其箭步式上挺杠铃回落距离仅为9.80cm,回落距离小,且双足构成的稳定区域面积大。发力时两心距离控制在3.1cm内,属于理想距离。站稳起立时段末,杠铃向右偏移达17.70cm,对其支撑可能存在隐患。③总体上看,廖秋云的技术优势在于躯干角度控制得当,两心距离始终较近。下肢关节角度变化趋势合理,伸髋发力的方式正确。④廖秋云技术优势明显,但成绩仍具有上升空间。建议优化时间结构,缩短过渡时间,避免额外的能量消耗。缩短预蹲制动时间,提升下肢离心收缩转向心收缩的能力。站稳时段的杠铃横向偏移过大,提示进行左右侧肌肉体量测试评价,并加强弱侧肌肉力量训练。