Individual and community practices for constructing communicative resilience: exploring the communicative processes of coping with parental alienation

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation occurs after parents divorce and intentionally or even unintentionally persuade their children to distance themselves from or reject the other parent. Framed by the communication theory of resilience, this study explores the communicative practices that enable and constrain the targeted alienated parents’ ability to create normalcy at the individual and online community levels. We also examine the relationships between individual-level and online community-level resilience. Findings from 40 narrative interviews reveal communicative practices/processes that enable and constrain alienated parents at both the individual and online support group levels. Findings also suggest that there is a robust relationship between resilience practices at the individual and community levels. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.     

Candidates’ use of informal communication on social media reduces credibility and support: Examining the consequences of expectancy violations

ABSTRACT

This experiment (N= 476) investigates how individuals evaluate political candidates who use informal communication on social media. We use expectancy violations theory (EVT) to predict that informal communication will lead to negative evaluations. Our results suggest that politicians’ use of informal communication on social media leads to expectancy violation, which decreases perceived credibility and lessens intention to support a candidate. This effect was not moderated by sex (male versus female) or age (young versus old) of the candidate, nor of participants being the same sex as the candidate. These findings suggest that political figures should use informal communication on social media with caution.     

The influence of citizen disaster communication on perceptions of neighborhood belonging and community resilience

The Citizen Disaster Communication Assessment (CDCA) measures individual disaster communication activities that are intended to help communities cope across all phases of a disaster. Using the CDCA, this study examined associations among citizen disaster communication, neighborhood belonging, and community resilience using three different samples representing different disaster phases (Pre-event, Event, Post-event). Results indicate that more citizen disaster communication was associated with stronger perceptions of neighborhood belonging and community resilience at the Event and Post-event phases. In terms of specific citizen disaster communication processes that proved important, communication to correct disaster rumors and share stories was associated with greater feelings of belonging. Communication intended to confirm disaster information and tell stories was associated with stronger community resilience perceptions. Overall, results (a) confirm that citizen disaster communication is an important part of the disaster response and recovery ecosystem and (b) offer evidence of concurrent validity for the CDCA.     

Researching Initiatives and Referendums: A Guide for Big Sky Country–Montana

SUMMARY

The adoption of Article V, Section 1 of the Montana Constitution, on November 6, 1906 initiated the process of initiative and referendum in Montana and it has been heavily used ever since. An initiative is a proposal by petition to enact a new law by a vote of the people on any matter except the appropriation of money, or local or special laws. If the petitions are signed by the required number of electors, the proposed initiative must be submitted to the qualified electors. A referendum is a proposal by which the people, by their majority vote, can approve or reject a previously enacted statute, except an appropriation of money. A referendum may be originated by the legislature that enacted the statute or by the people. The Montana Secretary of State Elections Bureau and the Montana Legislative Library are invaluable sources of information for initiative and referendum in Montana and have subject lists of all these measures attempted in the state.     

开放数字网络环境下学术交流体系的发展与共融

在开放数字网络环境下,学术交流的内涵发生了极大的扩展和变化。以开放存取理念和Web2．0技术应用为主导的新型学术信息交流模式和环境已经极大地改变了传统意义上的学术交流生态。学术交流系统得到重构,非正式学术交流渠道开始复兴,支撑数字科研的学术交流体系正在形成。     

Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.     

Dialectic: The Aims of Institutional Repositories

ABSTRACT

In the early 2000s, Clifford Lynch and Raym Crow had two different visions for the future of institutional respositories. Using their works as a starting point, T. Scott Plutchak discussed the initial aims of institutional respositories and addressed the dialectic between the view of institutional repositories as providing a method of preserving and nurturing new forms of scholarly communication and that of the institutional repository as a mechanism to transition to Open Access models for scholarly publications. Plutchak concludes that institutional repository librarians should focus efforts on collecting and preserving material outside of the formal publishing program in order to advance the work of our institutions, and to advance what libraries can do.     

Appendix C: National Interlibrary Loan Code

Abstract

Although widely adopted at university and college libraries in the United States, Electronic Reserve services in Canada have developed at a much slower pace. Based on the results of an extended pilot project for Electronic Reserves at a medium-sized university library in Canada, the author concludes that the most significant barrier to this development is the restrictive nature of copyright law in Canada. Results of an informal survey of university libraries in Canada seem to confirm this assumption. A brief overview of copyright law in Canada as it pertains to Electronic Reserves is discussed, as is the process of copyright reform recently undertaken by the Canadian government. Finally, an argument in favor of a broadened interpretation of ‘fair dealing’ (the Canadian version of ‘fair use’) is made as it may pertain to the development of Electronic Reserves services in Canadian academic libraries.     

Making the Most of What We Have Got: Enhancing the RADAR Repository to Support Research Planning

ABSTRACT

This article discusses how RADAR, the institutional repository (IR) at the Glasgow School of Art (GSA), has been modified to house an Annual Research Planning (ARP) template. A case study on the implementation of this research planning tool will outline the role that a repository and its staff can play in supporting individuals, enhancing processes, and helping to reach strategic institutional goals in preparing for the next Research Excellence Framework (REF). The paper will also investigate how the extension of RADAR to incorporate Current Research Information System (CRIS) elements has led to increased user engagement and has successfully demonstrated a new use for the repository beyond its scholarly communication function.     

Legal Literature in the P.R. China

Summary

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in Oct. 1949, especially since the implementation of reforms and opening-up policy in 1978, the national legislatures of China on both central and local levels have enacted or passed large quantities of laws and administrative regulations. Meanwhile, a great number of legal publications have been published during the period. The paper, from three aspects, namely the primary sources, secondary materials and finding tools, gives the information on China's legal literature and provides some bibliographical accesses to this large body of law.     

Using the RFP Process to Select a Serials Vendor:

In this workshop, two librarians and a vendor described, and discussed the Request for Proposal (RFP) process to serials acquisitions librarians and vendor representatives. The format of the workshop followed the process of an actual RFP, beginning with the planning stage, the drafting of the request document, the submission to sources, the receipt by the solicited vendors, the preparation of a response, the evaluation, and the actual award. The central theme of the workshop was the contrast between the formal Request for Proposal (RFP) and the informal RFP. The formal RFP is usually mandated by law or by institutional regulations and always involves a Purchasing Department or Contracting Office outside the library. The informal RFP is not required by institutional or governmental regulations and is administered totally within the library.     

Science Centers in a New World of Learning

By creating new media channels that enable anyone to reach the public directly, the Internet has reduced the need for a middleman, resulting in the “disintermediation” of science communication. New providers of informal science learning are emerging in community settings, as well as in sources online. These changes raise the critical question of how science centers can adapt to an expanding ecosystem of mediated and unmediated sources. This article points out strengths of science centers that offer some grounds for optimism. Promising efforts are identified and possible directions are proposed at the community and institutional level.     

Problem‐solving performance in naturalistic groups: A test of the ecological validity of the functional perspective

Critics argue that the use of zero‐history laboratory samples to study the processes of small‐group communication lacks ecological validity and limits our ability to determine the usefulness of small group communication theories for the everyday practitioner. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the functional perspective of small‐group communication has real‐world significance by testing its predictive ability in naturalistic problem‐solving groups in an organizational setting. Statistical analyses provided partial support for the relationship between functional requisites and problem‐solving performance in an applied setting. Specifically, analysis of the problem, orientation/establishment of operating procedures, and evaluation of the positive consequences of alternatives were each found to have an independent main effect on the level of decision utility.     

组织认知的即兴现象与组织创新能力研究

首先,在总结认知理论相关研究的基础上,阐述组织认知的内涵,构建以组织支持、组织智力和组织表现为核心的理论模型,描述组织认知的特征;其次,结合组织即兴理论,分析组织认知即兴现象发生的原因、结果以及与组织创新活动的关系;最后,提出即兴状态下,从一般认知到卓越认知的组织认知状态跃迁过程及其对组织创新能力的影响。     

No Half Measures: Overcoming Common Challenges to Doing Digital Humanities in the Library

ABSTRACT

While much work on libraries and digital humanities has focused on how to train and encourage individual librarians, we have not paid enough attention to the administrative and institutional factors required to help these professionals succeed. This article outlines some common sources of frustration for library professionals engaged in digital humanities work and offers sketches of some library-based digital humanities programs that are working to address these challenges.     

Librarians as Advocates of Social Media for Researchers: A Social Media Project Initiated by Linköping University Library,Sweden

ABSTRACT

Librarians at Linköping University help researchers keep abreast of developments in their fields and to increase the visibility of their work. Strategic, professional use of social media ought to be an essential part of a researcher's communication strategy. This article investigates the level of awareness of the professional use of social media among LiU researchers. The investigation showed that use of social media was not significant; however, a small number saw potential. The purpose of this article is threefold. The first purpose was to evaluate the potential of using social media as a tool for communicating research outside LiU. Second, the article presents a study in which views of LiU researchers on social media were ascertained via seminar discussions, informal feedback, and interviews. The study has a case study approach involving eight researchers. Third, the article covers how LiU Library created a web-based information package to support researchers in social media use.     

A rhetorical schema for the evaluation of visual imagery

In this essay, a schema is proposed for the evaluation of visual imagery from a rhetorical perspective. In the schema, judgments of quality about a visual image are made in terms of the function communicated by the image. Three processes are involved in such judgments— identification of a function or functions communicated by an image, assessment of the degree to which substantive and stylistic dimensions of the image support the communication of the function, and evaluation of the legitimacy of the function. The schema is illustrated in applications to a chair from the Memphis design consortium and to The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.     

Proposed development of resource sharing networks (UNISIST,NATIS, ALBIS)

A questionnaire survey of researchers engaged in seven scientific disciplines was conducted to identify preferred information channels and to determine interdiscipline variations in communication behaviour of Croatian scientists. The article also addresses the problem of the foreign language barrier and the visibility of Croatian science at an international level.

The findings indicate that journal articles with their accompanying lists of references are the most important source of information in all the disciplines surveyed, while on-line searching was ranged rather low.

Differences between pure, applied and social disciplines were identified in the domain of informal communication and in the publishing of the research results. Contacts with colleagues outside one’s organization appeared to be an important element in information retrieval, while informal dissemination of information is mostly performed internally. Except for physicists, participation in international scientific communication is rather unsatisfactory.     

A consumer's view of crisis communication: Can an organization benefit from having a response plan?

Crisis communication research establishes the importance of relationships between organizations and their publics. While theoretical treatments and case studies support this relationship, limited empirical investigations have examined how organizational responses to crisis influence public responses. This study sought to determine if grocery shoppers responded differently to organizations engaging in crisis communication practices and those that do not. Results indicate that respondents express stronger intention to continue purchasing from an organization and see the organization as concerned and respectful of the consumer when it engages in crisis communication practices. The discussion section addresses implications of these findings for future research and public relations practice.