疫情之下的公民品格教育

2020年的全民抗疫,既是对公民品格的检验,也是公民品格生成的现场。所以,我们必须利用这一"特殊"现场,上好公民教育这一大课。公民是个体性与公共性的统一。公民的个体性使公民区别于臣民,具有独立人格、权利意识、义务意识、自由意识、法治意识;公民的公共性使公民区别于私民,具有公共意识、公共伦理、公共理性、公共责任和公共参与。公民的公共性由处理人与人之间的社会关系扩展到处理人与自然的关系,由此使公民增添了生态公民的身份,具有生态意识。抗疫中公民所表现出来的品格状态,为我们加强新时代公民道德建设,提升公民道德素质,提出了现实的要求和参照点。     

Citizenship,civic education and politics: the education policy context for young Australian citizens

Citizenship education in Australia is embedded throughout the school curriculum. Despite a coherent policy context for the inclusion of citizenship and civic education at all levels of schooling, the links between education and civic minded citizens are tenuous. This paper explores these connections by drawing on the views of participants in an international community service program between Western Australia and Tanzania. By situating the interview data in relation to the policy goals, the paper argues that the current policy framework ‘sanitises’ the political nature of modern citizenship. The results from this study demonstrate that students have little understanding of the connections between the civic, the social and the political realms of citizenship. These results suggest that the current policy context does not adequately prepare young people to position themselves in the political realm.     

Virtue,Practical Wisdom and Character in Teaching

ABSTRACT

Recent reflection on the professional knowledge of teachers has been marked by a shift away from more reductive competence and skill-focused models of teaching towards a view of teacher expertise as involving complex context-sensitive deliberation and judgement. Much of this shift has been inspired by an Aristotelian conception of practical wisdom (phronesis) also linked by Aristotle to the development of virtue and character. This has in turn led recent educational philosophers and theorists – inspired by latter-day developments in virtue ethics and virtue epistemology – to investigate the contribution of various forms of virtue to the effective practice of teaching. In this light, the present paper undertakes further exploration of the logical geography of virtue, character and practical deliberation in teaching.     

A positive role for failure in virtue education

This article outlines a role for constructive failures in virtue education. Some failures can be catastrophic and push the agent toward vice, but other types of failure can have positive consequences, we’ll call these failures constructive failures, failures that help on the road to virtue. So, while failures are generally appealed to as examples of what to avoid doing, educators may want to actively create conditions that are likely to make their students fail. While failures may involve negative feelings in the short term, constructive failures, although they appear to pose obstacles in the learning process, actually help lead us to our goal, virtue. Crucially, constructive failures give us insights into situations and into ourselves, insights which make it more likely that we will succeed in the ultimate goal of virtue.     

A tale of two countries: comparing civic education in the Philippines and Singapore

This article provides a comparative analysis of citizenship education in the Philippines and Singapore. Through an analysis of historical contexts, citizenship education policy and curriculum, it examines Makabayan in the Philippines and National Education in Singapore. It identifies particular policy and curriculum trajectories as responses to national and global imperatives to demonstrate how countries are redefining the kinds of knowledge, skills and values deemed necessary for national citizenship in global contexts. This comparative case study illustrates some of the tensions and contradictions facing citizenship education in new global contexts and highlights the different ways countries try to manage these tensions through citizenship education policies and curricula. Findings point to different factors that shape and constrain the implementation of citizenship education programmes in both countries.     

Type of education and civic and political attitudes

In addition to increasing cognitive skills and preparing students for the labour market, one of the core tasks of education is to prepare citizens for participation in democracy. Considering the ideal of democratic equality, it is important to know the degree to which civic outcomes of education are distributed equally. One feature of the education system that can lead to differential civic outcomes is tracking, that is, the sorting of students into different types of education. In this study, we examine the relationship between type of education (general/academic or vocational) and five attitudinal dimensions of civic and political engagement between the ages of 14 and 49 years in the Netherlands. By using panel data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (n = 5,312) and applying linear fixed effects models, we can observe the effect of a transition in the type of education on the within-person change in our outcome variables. The findings demonstrate that transitions in the type of education have little effect on intention to vote, trust in institutions or ethnic tolerance. However, students making transitions in general/academic education develop higher levels of interest in politics and generalised trust than do students in vocational education or people outside the education system. This point suggests that general/academic education fosters civic and political participation.     

Character education,new media,and political spectacle

Ontario’s new Character Development Initiative is analyzed to determine whether it can be characterized as political spectacle. Examination of official policy texts, media reports, speeches, web pages, webcasts, and events at the Character Development Symposium suggests that the Initiative contains many elements of political spectacle; however, the policy has received little coverage in traditional media. Media coverage is considered as an essential component of political spectacles. In this case, media coverage is limited to digital media produced by the Ontario government itself. This raises questions about the implications of new media forms for the theory of political spectacle. I demonstrate that digital media offer new means for bringing political spectacles to citizens and enable governments to have greater control over their content. Since political spectacles facilitated by traditional media promote the status quo and make critical analysis of public policy difficult, government‐produced digital media might put democracy at even greater risk. Alternatively, government websites post texts that can be analyzed by citizens and used to promote democracy in education. I conclude that the strategic use of language and illusions of democracy, whether brought to citizens through digital or traditional media, are essential components of political spectacle.     

CHARACTER, CIVIC RENEWAL AND SERVICE LEARNING FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT:  This article explores the civic republican conception of citizenship underlying the Labour government's programme of civil renewal and the introduction of education for democratic citizenship. It considers the importance of the cultivation of civic virtue through political participation for such developments and it reviews the research into how service learning linked to character education can lead to the civic virtue of duty or social responsibility.     

公民阅读课程的探索与开发

公民阅读课程通过编制适合学生身心发展特点尤其是道德发展规律和特点的阅读材料，并进行适当指导，使学生提升公民角色认知、拓展公民知识视野、强化公民意识。公民阅读课程开发应基于文学启蒙理念以及对公民素质内涵和结构的理解。     

中职生公民权责教育初探

完整的公民教育应包含公民品德教育与公民权责教育两个方面。然而，我国的公民教育长期以来只重视公民品德教育，忽视了公民权责教育，这种现象在中等职业学校中同样存在。文章阐释了公民权责教育的要义，分析了我国中职生公民教育中存在的问题，进而提出了在中等职业学校开展公民权责教育的途径和方法。     

论共和主义公民身份理论的复兴及其局限

共和主义公民身份的根本目的是使公民享受到自由。为达到这一目的,从制度的角度而言,需要采取一种混合均衡的共和制度;从个人的角度而言,需要公民具有公民美德。共和主义公民身份在当代的复兴,一方面得益于自由主义公民身份所具有的缺陷,另一方面源于共和主义公民身份本身具有一些自由主义公民身份所无法替代的内在价值。这并不意味着共和主义公民身份是完美无缺的,其最大限度在于它的排斥性。     

Aristotelian versus virtue ethical character education

This article examines some central aspects of Kristján Kristjánsson’s book, Aristotelian Character Education, beginning with the claim that contemporary virtue ethics provides methodological, ontological, epistemological, and moral foundations for Aristotelian character education. It considers three different formulations of what defines virtue ethics, and suggests that virtue ethical moral theory has steered character educators away from important aspects of Aristotle’s views on character education. It goes on to suggest a broadening of attention to psychology beyond personality and the psychological status of virtues, and it concludes with an examination of Kristjánsson’s understanding of phronesis.     

Youth online political expression in non-political spaces: implications for civic education

ABSTRACT

Based on an in-depth qualitative content analysis of post-election discourse in three online creative communities (Scratch, Archive of Our Own, and hitRECord), we examine the significance of youth political expression in non-political online spaces, and its implications for civic education. We find that these spaces offer a valuable window into the main concerns experienced by youth around the election, which they voice through unique modes of expression. Online spaces facilitate connections between the personal and the political, while highlighting the social aspects of youth participation and learning in regard to civic issues. At the same time, participants exhibit uncertainty regarding the limits of online expression and the potential consequences of speaking out. We argue that online spaces should be acknowledged as a significant channel for youth political expression and socialization, and consider how the practices encountered there could shape our approach to civic education.     

美国公民教育对于我国思想政治教育的启示

近年来,公民教育在我国越来越受到重视,如何培养社会发展需要的独立民主精神,提高公民的法律意识和道德意识,增强公民的政治参与能力已成为我国思想政治教育的重要课题。本文从公民与公民教育入手,总结归纳了美国公民教育的核心理念和培养途径,重在解决我国思想政治教育在现实中面临的现状和遇到的难题,为我国的思想政治教育引入公民教育理念进行教育改革提供有益启示。     

On Kristjánsson on Aristotelian character education

I pursue three of the many lines of thought that were raised in my mind by Kristjánsson’s engaging book. In the first section, I try to get clearer on what exactly Aristotelian character education (ACE) is, and suggest areas where I hope the view is developed in more detail. In the second and longest section, I draw some lessons from social psychology about the pervasive role of what I call ‘Surprising Dispositions,’ and invite Kristjánsson to take up the difficult challenge of clarifying how ACE would help to address their influence on our thought and action. Finally, in section three I consider whether there is any robust empirical support for ACE, and if not, where that leaves us.     

An Aristotelian model for ethical higher education marketing: The role of practical wisdom

This paper discusses the concerns for a distinct ethics for marketers of higher education. It argues that higher education retains a difference for both product and service and that unfettered marketing can influence and then manipulate the underlying edifying offering.     

立德树人理念下体育教学中的德育渗透探究

体育课程不仅要向学生传授体育知识与体育运动技能,增强学生体质,还要注重培养学生高尚的道德品质和人格情操。文章从研究目的、研究方法、结果与分析、结论与建议四方面,对立德树人理念下体育教学中的德育渗透展开研究,以期能够借此促进德育与体育的深度融合,进一步提高体育课程的德育实效性。     

教育转型·人的转型·公民教育

社会转型必然伴随着教育的转型。教育的自觉转型以人的转型为核心。公民是当代中国人之转型所在,公民教育也因此成为当代中国教育转型之所在。公民教育不是政治教化,也不只是公民意识教育,而是一种以培养公民完整素质为宗旨的新的教育形态。个人主体性和公共性是公民的两个基本品质。当代公民的公共性已从传统的国家公民延伸到社会公民和世界公民。因此,当代公民需要具备个人公民、社会公民、国家公民、世界公民等多重身份,我们也必须以具备多重身份的复合型公民的要求来设计公民教育的层次与目标。     

Socioscientific Issues as a Vehicle for Promoting Character and Values for Global Citizens

Our guiding presupposition in this study was that socioscientific issues (SSI) instruction, given the humanistic features that comprise this type of instruction, could play a role as a vehicle for cultivating character and values as global citizens. Our main objective was to observe how and to what extent SSI instruction might contribute to this. In order to achieve this aim, we implemented a SSI program on genetic modification technology for 132 ninth-grade students over 3–4 weeks and identified its educational effects using a mixed method approach. Data sources included student responses to questionnaire items that measure the students' character and values, records of student discussions, and semi-structured interviews with the students and their teachers. Results indicated that the students became more sensitive to moral and ethical aspects of scientific and technological development and compassionate to diverse people who are either alienated by the benefits of advanced technology or who are vulnerable to the dangers of its unintended effects. In addition, the students felt more responsible for the future resolution of the genetic SSI. However, the students struggled to demonstrate willingness and efficacy to participate within broader communities that entailed action toward SSI resolution.