行动·反思·超越——英美概况课程行动研究

近年来国内外学者普遍认为,行动研究不仅有助于教师解决教学中的实际问题,也有助于教师专业发展。然而,国内行动研究主要侧重于理论介绍,实际教学情境中的实证研究较少。笔者通过亲历的教学行动研究,试图从实践的角度来证明本文中提出的假设：行动研究可以改变教师的教育教学信念,可以帮助教师在实践中通过反思寻找适当的教学策略,从而提高他们的教学技能、教学效果、反思意识和反思能力,形成教师个人实践理论,对自己从事的职业有认同感,最终实现教师的职业发展。     

Working while teaching,learning while working: students teaching in their own class

This paper examines the context of teacher education in which certain students work as teachers whilst at the same time they study in a teacher education programme. The two phenomena that are discussed are the integration of theory and practice, and learning while working. These are located in the wider framework of teachers' pedagogical thinking, and research‐based teacher education. The paper reports on students' experiences of the success of integrating theoretical studies in their work as teachers and the related issue of how a student's everyday grasp of classroom practice has been taken into account in their studies. The paper also raises the issue of the university–school relationship through students' estimations of the impact that their participation in teacher education has brought to the school in which they work and other key aspects of the university–school relationship.     

Teachers in action research: assumptions and potentials

Research literature has long indicated that action research may stimulate practitioners themselves to actively evaluate the quality of their practice. This study is designed to report the use of action research for the development of early years professional practice by analyzing the pre‐project and the post‐project video‐filmed teaching events. The finding was that action research might support knowledge development in the teacher profession. However, the teacher's ability to accommodate outside knowledge might be limited by one's inside knowledge. The study helps to clarify the assumptions and potentials of action research for teachers learning to teach.     

基于教师专业发展的反思性教学

反思性教学是促进教师专业发展的有效途径。在介绍反思性教学相关背景知识的基础上，阐述了反思性教学对教师专业发展的重要意义以及实施反思性教学的一些方法，并具体描述了反思性教学的实施过程，力图把反思性教学的相关理论和实践操作做一较完整的呈现。     

Teachers talking about teaching and school: collaboration and reflective practice via Critical Friends Groups

Reflective practice has potentially positive effects on an organization’s capacity to focus on student learning and teaching practices. In an effort to comply with policy and provide teachers with opportunities to reflect on their practice, districts, schools, and teachers have turned to various models that feature collaborative experiences. One such model is the Critical Friends Group (CFG), focusing on the improvement of practice and learning experiences for children, using protocol-driven structured conversations. This article examines the mechanisms that support and sustain reflective practice within a community of practice and utilizes Wenger’s three dimensions of practice – mutual engagement, joint enterprise, and shared repertoire. The study followed a CFG in an elementary school using ethnographic case study methods to conduct a close examination of CFG meetings, protocol use, and analysis of teacher interviews. The propensity to ‘look out’ at school-wide issues vs. looking in at classroom practices, perceptions about feedback on classroom practice, and using protocols to guide conversation emerged from the data as prominent mechanisms in communities of practice. CFG facilitators and coaches, as well as participants must be explicit about the purposes of their work and protocol use alone does not ensure a focus on student learning and teaching practices.     

反思性教学中几对基本关系的剖析

反思性教学作为当前倡导的一种重要教学思想,在落实到行动时产生了不少的困惑,究其根本就是对反思性教学的整体把握还有偏差,因此需要对反思性教学与教学反思、反思性教学与反思实践、反思性教学与行动研究、反思性教学与教师专业发展这样几对基本关系作一个梳理,从而为反思性教学的持续有效开展奠定基础。     

Dancing in the ditches: reflecting on the capacity of a university/school partnership to clarify the role of a teacher educator

This paper used the data collected from reflective diaries, semi-structured interviews and surveys to identify and examine common themes identified in the roles required and/or perceived for teacher educators by both teachers and teacher educators. Collaboration, discussion and critique enabled personal reflection as teacher educators worked as partners to schools in a state-sponsored teaching and learning skills project. We have termed the collaboration in such an interactive project as one of ‘dancing in the ditches’, often requiring both groups to get out of their comfortable spaces and engage with each other in constantly moving situations. The teacher educators were required to be change agents at the interface of theory and practice and their experiences reflected individual journeys, but their reflections have ongoing implications for clarifying and professionalising the role of teacher educators.     

运用教育行动研究促进翻译教师专业发展

促进教师专业发展已成为21世纪国际教师教育的主流话题.外语教师专业发展的主要途径就是要在自己的教学实践中运用教育行动研究.教师通过自己教学,在实践中研究,在研究中成长,使自己的教学与研究呈现出螺旋式的上升的过程,实现自身专业的发展.     

行动研究促进教师专业发展——一位中学教师的案例研究

通过案例分析发现,经历了行动研究后,教师的教学观念和教学实践都会发生改变,这种改变包括了线性模式和动态模式;教师逐渐发展其领导力,带领教师团队实施校本课程改革;教师在实践中形成了反思的专业习惯,达到了批判性反思的水平,并以行动研究的方式去解决日常教学问题,研究与教学整合为一;行动研究能够促进合作式、学习型的教师文化的形成;同时,教师克服了职业倦怠,找到了工作的价值和意义。     

反思:教师职业生涯可持续发展的基础

在当前推行素质教育和新课程改革的背景下,教师素质的高低成为了基础教育改革能否向前推进的关键因素之一,提高教师的素质问题引起了人们极大的关注。以反思是教师职业生涯可持续发展的基础作为切人点,就什么是反思型教师、教师反思能力缺失的理论探源、实施教师反思的理论和方法基础、现实中实施教师反思应注意的问题几个方面进行了探讨。     

“行动研究”模式与学者型外语教师的培养

教学行动研究过程是教师职业发展的核心。“行动研究”模式以培养未来教师的创新精神和课堂教学研究能力为目的 ,有效地解决师资培训领域理论与实践相脱离的问题     

Teacher educators working on their own professional development: goals,activities and outcomes of a project for the professional development of teacher educators

This article reports on the professional development of teacher educators within the context of a national project, ‘Professional Quality of Teacher Educators,’ where a professional standard and a standards‐based procedure of (self‐)assessment and professional development have been created and effectively implemented. This project offered a unique opportunity to analyze the goals, activities and outcomes of the process of professional development of teacher educators in a situation in which this development is promoted by the professional group as a whole. In our research, we used 25 completed portfolio's made by teacher educators participating in the standards‐based procedure of (self‐)assessment and professional development. We found that teacher educators, participating in this procedure, prefer the development of their knowledge and skills over the development of their attitudes and beliefs. For their professional development, the teacher educators experiment with new activities within the work‐situation and interact with colleagues within their professional community, more than that they study theory or reflect on their work. The participating teacher educators experience a positive impact at the personal level (change in cognition and behavior). More than one‐third of them share outcomes with others. Above, they report a more positive self‐esteem and more enthusiasm for teacher education. This article may motivate other countries or institutions to invest in the professional development of teacher educators. Further research is necessary on the essence of the professional qualities of teacher educators and the relation of their professional development with student learning.     

How teachers become action researchers in Pakistan: emerging patterns from a qualitative metasynthesis

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of how teachers become action researchers in the context of Pakistan in view of the attempts by the Ministry of Education to reconceptualize teachers as researchers. A metasynthesis of 20 action research theses by MEd students of a private university as part of their program requirements illustrates that teachers found action research to be both complex and messy. The dual role of the teacher and researcher was difficult to balance, and teachers carried the double burden of bringing about change and creating valid knowledge in schools where the prime concerns were syllabus completion and the passing of examinations. Supervision support to enhance skills of reflection and observation is required. The study shows that teachers can learn to undertake action research provided they are offered strong support. The way forward for these reform efforts is to educate the relatively small number of teacher educators in action research to enable them to offer support to pre‐service and in‐service teachers. An additional means to bring about this change is to encourage the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to enforce the curriculum guidelines that include action research in the teacher education curriculum.     

偏离与回归:论反思在外语教师专业化发展中的作用

随着建构主义的兴起,外语教师发展的模式从"学徒型"转为"反思型"。反思在外语教师专业化发展中意义重大,可以帮助外语教师发现自己的教学信念,解决外语教学中存在的问题,提高外语教师的科研能力。实施反思型的外语教师培养模式有助于解决我国现阶段教师发展中存在的问题,切实提高外语教学的整体素质。     

团队行动研究中的大学英语教师发展

大学英语教师的专业发展一直是困扰教师的一个问题。通过总结分析参加北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心的跨校教师发展团队项目的大组与小组活动的事例,说明教师之间反思式教学和团队互动发展是教师专业发展的一种有效模式。旨在为大学英语教师专业发展和进行科学研究提供一个范例,并为更广泛的运用提供借鉴方法和案例。     

教师研究与中学英语教师职业发展

20世纪80年代中、后期,一场被称为“教师研究”的教育实验运动席卷美国,学校教师(K-12)成为课堂教学研究的主体,这一教育实验运动的成效尤见于语言教学领域。联系到目前我国中学英语教学研究的现状,身处一线的教师虽掌握着课堂教学的第一手资料,却由于缺少学科理论上的指导和研究手段上的训练而无法成为教学研究的主体。教师研究对中学英语教师的职业发展和英语教学效能的提高具有着十分重要的意义,因此在我们的师范教育课程设置中应增强旨在提高师范生和在职培训教师的研究能力的研究型培养模式。     

教师叙事研究：教师专业发展的一条有效路径

作为教育叙事研究重要内容的教师叙事对教师专业发展起着重要的作用,教师专业发展要求教师成为研究者,对实践进行自觉反思,要求教师以自己的经验为背景来建构对事物的理解。因此,教师叙事研究是教师专业发展的一条有效路径,它能促进教师向研究者的转型,促进教师问题意识的觉醒,促进教师对实践的不断反思,促进教师间的合作与交流。     

行动研究背景下的高校法学教师职业发展问题探究

高校法学教师面临的内困外忧使其职业发展成为当务之急。行动研究作为一种基于行动、在行动之中、由行动者开展的旨在通过反思改进行动的研究方法,具有优化路径、节约成本、创新机制的现实价值。行动研究能够从专业教学能力、合作共事能力、教育研究能力等方面促进法学教师职业能力提升,并能够从职业道德和教育理念的角度助力法学教师职业信仰培树,对法学教师职业发展具有炼器和铸魂的双重意义。文章结合布迪厄社会实践理论,通过对场域、资本和惯习三个要素的思辨,探索行动研究在法学教师从业活动中应用受阻的机理,并从政策、投入和态度三个方面提出应对策略。     

Mentoring the Mentor: Professional development through a school-university partnership

Governments worldwide have invested in teaching standards and performance benchmarks to improve teacher preparation and teacher quality that impacts student achievement. As a means of addressing these imperatives, the Australian government has recently encouraged formal partnerships between tertiary providers, schools and education systems in delivering teacher education and professional development, in particular for mentors. This article documents challenges and initial findings of the first year of a school-university partnership involving an Australian regional university and K-12 teacher-mentors located in rural schools. It describes the design and implementation of a contextualised professional development model, using participatory action research to build teacher capacity for mentoring and foster a culture of collaborative inquiry. The model discussed reflects a systematic approach to constructing knowledge, skills and roles essential to effective mentoring.     

教师专业发展与教学反思

教师专业发展已经成为当代教育研究的一个热门话题。各国将认识和理解教师教学专长,提高教师职业化水平列为教师教育领域的重要研究与课题。提高教师的专业化水平是目前学校教育工作的中心,学校采取各种途径,加速教师专业化发展的进程,反思教学就是一种可持续发展的方法。