Management teams and the promotion of staff well‐being

For several years small primary schools have been threatened with closure and their viability is frequently a subject of much discussion. One of the major issues in this debate, particularly in light of the 1988 Education Reform Act, is whether they can provide an effective education for their pupils due to their size and their mixed age range classes. This article discusses the major arguments related to this issue and draws several important conclusions to guide practice and decision making not only in small schools, but also in all other primary schools where differentiation in teaching and learning methods is now of crucial significance. Supporting evidence is taken mainly from a Teacher Fellowship project funded by West Glamorgan County Council.     

Performativity,well‐being,social class and citizenship in English schools

A range of initiatives to promote well‐being and empowerment have been introduced into English schools. These ostensibly support the citizenship curriculum that seeks to foster a more active and engaged populace. Whilst children are being encouraged to view their own well‐being as a personal project (and as a badge of successful citizenship), this process is being undermined by an informal curriculum of citizenship, embedded within the culture of performativity, that is promoting a climate of misrecognition within schools. This form of “symbolic violence” (that affects working‐class families disproportionately) is encroaching into the private sphere, traditionally a potential refuge providing opportunities for the development of forms of well‐being that were not dependent on institutional endorsement. It is suggested that some of the counter‐hegemonic values developed in the face of marginalisation might usefully inform issues of citizenship and well‐being in schools in ways that would encourage genuinely empowered forms of citizenship.     

Narrative autoethnography and the promotion of spiritual well‐being in teacher research and practice

This article demonstrates through an example the usefulness of autoethnography as a mechanism for teachers acquiring clarity about their spiritual experiences, which has the potential to contribute to facilitating pupils’ spiritual growth. I begin by examining the role of the spiritual dimension in the promotion of a holistic model of education. The purposes and ethical implications of autoethnographic research and its benefits for teacher development are addressed. A story about illness, neurosurgery and rehabilitation is presented, written according to introspective and autoethnographic techniques. The narrative reflects aspects of the writer’s spiritual growth and highlights the need among teachers to explore their own spiritual well‐being as much as the spiritual well‐being of their pupils. Suggestions are made about the diverse use of narrative to promote spiritual learning experiences in the classroom. This is an important part of the work carried out by teachers in the delivery of a curriculum that prepares learners to fulfil their potential in life and work.     

Orientations to happiness and subjective well‐being among Chinese prospective and in‐service teachers in Hong Kong

This study investigated three orientations to happiness and their relationships with subjective well‐being in a sample of 228 Chinese prospective and in‐service teachers in Hong Kong. Confirmatory item factor analyses supported a three‐dimensional model that included constructs represented by a life of meaning, a life of pleasure, and a life of engagement. These three orientations, especially the meaningful life and the engaged life were found to predict life satisfaction and positive emotions as two components of subjective well‐being. Implications of the findings on the relationships between orientations and subjective well‐being for helping teachers to promote a more satisfying life to combat against teacher burnout are discussed.     

Using Human Givens therapy to support the well‐being of adolescents: a case example

This article outlines the use of Human Givens (HG) therapy with adolescents reporting poor subjective well‐being. HG therapy is based on the assumption that human beings have innate needs, which, if unmet, lead to emotional distress and mental health problems. Hitherto, there has been no independently published empirical research into the efficacy of HG as a therapeutic intervention with young people. The article examines the theory and background to HG therapy; the emotional well‐being of children; and young people and counselling and therapeutic interventions in schools, before describing an exploratory case study into the effectiveness of the HG approach. This involves assessing the efficacy of an individual HG intervention for three young people reporting high anxiety or depression and/or low self concept. The HG process and therapy structure are detailed through an illustrative case study regarding a 16‐year‐old girl with moderate levels of anxiety and low self‐concept. Positive outcomes are observed for all three young people, providing tentative evidence that HG therapy might be useful to practitioners delivering therapeutic interventions in schools, although limitations of the small‐scale research design are highlighted. Issues relating to the provision of individual therapeutic interventions in school are discussed more widely, as are other possible applications of the HG approach in schools.     

Gratitude,gratitude intervention and subjective well‐being among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong

This study assessed the dispositional gratitude and its relationships with orientations to happiness and burnout in a sample of 96 Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong and investigated the effectiveness of an eight‐week gratitude intervention programme using a pre‐test/post‐test design with outcome measures of subjective well‐being in the same sample of teachers. The results indicated that the dispositional gratitude of teachers correlated substantially and positively with a meaningful life orientation to happiness and with personal accomplishment, and correlated substantially and negatively with the two negative components of burnout: emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. The effects of the gratitude intervention were evident in the increase in scores on satisfaction with life and on positive affect, especially for teachers in the low‐gratitude group. Implications of the findings on the relationships between gratitude and burnout and the effectiveness of gratitude intervention for teachers of different levels of dispositional gratitude are discussed.     

Childhood learning,life skills and well‐being in adult life: a Senegalese case

Education is not easily converted into human capital and well‐being in low‐income countries, because these countries do not have a high degree of economic and labour market differentiation that makes it possible to convert acquired knowledge and skills. Consequently, to have completed primary or even secondary education does not necessarily lead to a better life situation than some types of Islamic education. This paper reports findings from an ongoing longitudinal research project in Senegal. The study compares the relationships between educational/learning background, life skills and well‐being in adult life among individuals who attended primary school, Quranic, Arabic or Indigenous learning systems at the beginning of the 1980s. The findings illustrate some of the complexities in the relationships between, on the one hand, education and life skills and, on the other hand, individual well‐being in a low‐income society. Since this study enters into an area that has not been very much researched, this study is explorative and employs concepts heuristically. Some findings in relation to different theoretical approaches are also discussed here.     

‘Doing well’ and ‘being well’—secondary school teachers’ perspectives

The mental health and wellbeing of young people is increasingly a concern in schools. This study explores how English secondary school teachers perceive and engage with the concept of wellbeing. By asking teachers to reflect on their practice, we can draw out their relational experience and knowledge about wellbeing in the classroom. Twenty teachers were interviewed about their practice in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and during the academic year 2020–21. Reflexive thematic analysis reveals the challenges experienced by teachers. Specifically, we find a perceived role conflict for teachers between giving care and purveying knowledge. We draw on recent policy research and the work of Nel Noddings to account for this conflict in terms of conceptualisations of teaching practice and purpose. We illustrate how an emphasis within schools on ‘doing well’ academically undermines and marginalises a more holistic sense of ‘being well’, which contributes to a set of strains on teachers personally, professionally and relationally in terms of their interactions with students and colleagues. We propose that ‘doing well’ arises out of ‘being well’, rather than the converse, and should hence be an educational policy priority. Finally, we offer implications for how wellbeing may be woven into school culture.     

Social‐emotional well‐being and resilience of children in early childhood settings – PERIK: an empirically based observation scale for practitioners

Compared with the traditional focus on developmental problems, research on positive development is relatively new. Empirical research in children's well‐being has been scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretically and empirically based instrument for practitioners to observe and assess preschool children's well‐being in early childhood settings. The analysis of preschool teachers' ratings yields six dimensions of social‐emotional well‐being: (1) making contact/social performance, (2) self control/thoughtfulness, (3) self‐assertiveness, (4) emotional stability/coping with stress, (5) task orientation, (6) pleasure in exploration. Composite scales were constructed. PERIK consists of six scales of six items each. The scales differentiate in both the upper and lower range and despite their brevity have good psychometric qualities. The instrument was published together with a booklet containing examples of how PERIK observations can be employed in practical work with children.     

Occupational Well‐being among Aging Teachers in Finland

This article presents an examination of occupational well‐being among teachers in Finland who are over 45‐years of age (n = 1012). Occupational well‐being was described by affective (job anxiety and depression, burnout), behavioral (job competence and aspiration) and health (psychosomatic Symptoms and work ability) components. The structure of well‐being turned out to be two‐dimensional, consisting of affect‐health and behavior dimensions. The level of well‐being among aging teachers was quite high, although 36% of the teachers had Problems of well‐being related to both ajfect‐health and behavior. However, according to the work ability index, only 4% of the 45‐49‐year‐old and 12% of the 55‐59‐year‐old teachers were classified as having poor work ability. Of the demographic variables examined (sex, age, subject and teaching level) the most Variation in occupational well‐being was produced by subject and teaching level. The level of well‐being was lowest among vocational subject teachers in vocational schools and highest among Special dass teachers in comprehensive schools. Attention should thus be directed to the work Situation of vocational teachers, in particular.     

Parental level of education: associations with psychological well‐being,academic achievement and reasons for pursuing higher education in adolescence

The purpose of the current study is to determine the interconnection between parental level of education, psychological well‐being, academic achievement and reasons for pursuing higher education in adolescents. Participants included 439 college freshmen from a mid‐size state university in the northeastern USA. A survey, including indices of parental level of education, life‐satisfaction, academic achievement and reasons for pursuing higher education, was administered in class. Overall results indicated a positive correlation between parental level of education and adolescents’ reasons for pursuing higher education for societal expectations. Furthermore, paternal education independently predicted societal expectations as a reason for college attendance.     

Resisting images of the ‘diminished self’: the implications of emotional well‐being and emotional engagement in education policy

Developing people’s emotional well‐being and emotional engagement are official aims in social policy. A growing number of initiatives respond to diverse, often contradictory public, political and professional concerns about individuals’ emotional needs. These concerns are a powerful discourse in ‘personalised learning’.

The article contributes to debates in critical policy research. It evaluates the subtle ways in which policy initiatives to develop emotional well‐being and encourage emotional engagement with public services resonate with images of the ‘diminished self’ emerging in broader cultural discourses. Critical evaluation is necessary in order for researchers and educators committed to social justice to challenge the influential idea that emotional well‐being should be a prominent educational goal and to resist the diminished images of human potential that underlie it.     

Grant‐maintained schools: Making a difference without being really different 1

Homo Sollers Beats Homo Sapiens. The Fourth Edinburgh Medal Address. Heinz Wolff. Pp. x, 44. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, on behalf of the City of Edinburgh District Council in association with The Edinburgh International Festival of Science and Technology, 1993. £4.95 in paperback. ISBN 0 7486 0442 1.

The Multicultural Dimension of the National Curriculum. Edited by Anna S. King and Michael J. Reiss. pp 297. London: The Falmer Press, 1993. £12.95. ISBN 0750700696 paperback. Also available in hardback.

Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals. By Iris Murdoch Pp. 512. Index. London: Chatto and Windus 1992. £20.00. ISBN 0 7011 3998 6.

World Yearbook of Education 1993; Special Needs Education. Edited by Peter Mittler, Ron Brouillette and Duncan Harris (Series Editor). Pp x 276. Index. London. Kogan Page. 1993. £32.00. ISBN 0 7494 0854 5. 11th in the series World Yearbook in Education.

The European and American University since 1800; historical and sociological essays. Edited by Sheldon Rothblatt and Björn Wittrock. pp. xi. 370. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. 1993. £37.50. ISBN 0 521 43165 4 hardback.

Learner Managed Learning. Edited by Norman Graves. Pp x, 185. Index. Leeds: Higher Education for Capability and World Education Fellowship, 1993. £13.95 flexicover, ISBN 0–9521325–08.

Conflict in Child and Adolescent Development; edited by Shantz C. U. and Hartup, W. W. Pp. 453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. £40/$59.95 hardcover only. ISBN 0–521–40416–9. Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development.

Children's Learning Difficulties: A cognitive approach by J. Dockrell and J. McShane. Pp. viii, 245. Index. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. £40 hard cover; £12.99 flexicover. ISBN 0–631–17016–2 hc; 0–631–17017–0 fc.

The Schoolhome: Rethinking Schools for Changing Families by Jane Roland Martin. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: 1992. 237 pp. ISBN 0–674–79265–3. Price: $24.95.

Assessing the National Curriculum Edited by Philip O'Hear and John White. Pp 138. Index. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. 1993 £11.95 Paperback. ISBN 1 85396 232 5

Partnership in Initial Teacher Training: Talk and Chalk, Clare Hake, pp 36, London, Institute of Education, Tufnell Press £3.95 ISBN 1 872767 46 X The London File: Papers from the Institute of Education.

The Promise and Perils of Educational Comparison by Martin McLean. Pp. 40. London: Institute of Education, University of London, 1992: The London File ISBN 1 872767 31 1, £3.95

Case Studies in Teaching in Higher Education by Peter Schwartz and Graham Webb. Pp. 162; London: Kogan Page, 1993. £16.95; ISBN 0–7494–0972‐X.

Educational Values for School Leadership by Sylvia West. Pp x, 160. London: Kogan Page 1993. £14.95. ISBN 0 7494 0839 1. The Management and Leadership in Education Series.

Equality and Achievement in Education by James S. Coleman. Pp xi, 340. Boulder, San Francisco &; London: Westview Press 1993. £30.50 hardcover: £13.50 paperback. ISBN 0–8133–7791–9 hc;‐1860–2 pbk. Social Inequality Series #1.

Children in Time and Place, developmental and historical insights, edited by Elder, G., Modell, J., Parke, R.: pp. 289, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993. £35.00 hardback, ISBN 0 521 41784 8     

Sense of Well‐being in School as Perceived by Students and Teachers

Sandven, J. 1972. Sense of Well‐being in School as Perceived by Students and Teachers. Scand. J. educ. Res. 16, 117‐159. Sense of well‐being in school was investigated in 1966 among more than 3,000 9th graders. A follow‐up study was conducted in the gymnasium in 1969. A new investigation among 2,500 9th graders was undertaken in 1970. The difference in the sense of well‐being between students at higher and lower course levels is marked. No increase in well‐being is found from 1966 to 1970. The way the teachers perceive the situation in school was investigated in 1970 among 1,620 teachers, who were presented with school‐related statements to which they were asked to take a stand. The situation in youth school is experienced as difficult. As to causes, mention is made of the pressure to achieve and the over‐emphasis on intellectual ambitions as well as of suppression of experience, emotions, social contact, and personal activity. As to remedies, efforts in line with judgment of causes are seen as needed.     

说说being

being既可以是谓语动词,也可以是非谓语动词。作为谓语动词,其用法比较简单,主要用于构成进行时态(含被动语态的进行时态);作为非谓语动词,其用法则比较复杂,可用于引出短语构成主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 一、being用作谓语动词1.当being为助动词时,用作谓语动词的being主要与过去分词连用,构成被动语态。如:I!m always being criticized.我总是挨批。He is being interviewed now.他现在正在接受面试。He is being met at the stationtonight.今晚有人去车站迎接他。2.当being为连系动词时,用作谓语动词的being主要与形…     

Representing and practising meaningful differences in a well‐structured but complex art curriculum

This paper conceptualizes the secondary art curriculum as a well‐structured but complex knowledge‐domain, with the aim of emphasizing meaningful differences in the way creative grammar operates in the following gatherings of art practices: Pre‐historic and non‐European cultures; Ancient and European cultures before c. 1800; Romantic and Modern culture from c.1800 to c.1950; and Late‐and Post‐modern culture from c.1950 onwards. The gatherings are further differentiated into pre‐modern practices of Gemeinschaft (community) and modern forms of Gesellschaft (association). Practices of Gemeinschaft use the creative grammar of accretion and the grammar of omission to emphasize meaningful differences. The earlier phase of Gesellschaft inherits the grammar of accretion and omission from Gemeinschaft in the attempt to sustain the expression of meaningful differences. The late‐ and post‐modern phase of Gesellschaft adopts a nihilistic creative grammar to level such differences. Approaches to teaching the grammar of each gathering of art, and the related practices, are explored in a well‐structured way by students using ‘know‐how’ and ‘know‐that’ grammar. By conceptualizing and teaching an art curriculum in this way, students develop the insightful knowledge to understand how their life‐world, as embedded in a technological understanding of being and its technological nihilism, compares with alternative understandings of being as articulated by different cultural grammars.