教师期待与学生学业成绩:基于班级层面的研究

通过对优秀教师与普通教师对比实验的案例与数据分析,文章发现:在班级层面上优秀教师比普通教师对学生的期待值高;高期待的优秀教师在课堂里会通过提供积极的学习与情感环境来提高班级学生整体学习成绩;高期待的教师对学生学习态度的感知度和学生学习态度之间成正比例关系,从而论证了该研究的前提假设:教师对班级层面学生学习期待的高低对学生学业成绩具有重要的影响。     

Academic Optimism and Teacher Education

Abstract

Stereotypes are a particularly insidious factor in the formation of pre‐ and in‐service teachers’ images of students. Teachers who rely on stereotypes rather than try to see the students behind them run the risk of letting cultural and individual biases work to their own disadvantage and to the disadvantage of the next generation of high school students. This article describes a project called Teaching and Learning Together that brings preservice teachers into direct dialogue with high school students with the goal of helping preservice teachers learn to attend to high school students and analyze the pedagogical implications of that attention prior to undertaking teaching responsibilities.     

Evaluating Academic Challenge Beyond the NSSE

The authors investigated student and faculty perceptions of academic challenge at their institution, based on early administrations of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). This analysis revealed that the NSSE did not fully capture many meanings of academic challenge held by these faculty and students. This study led to a proposal for the development of an internal assessment approach using a modification of the NSSE and other scale items on academic challenge and student engagement. The authors discuss several implications of this study for academic scholarship and for institutional policy concerning the assessment of academic challenge.All authors except Jim Purcell are at Georgia College and State University. Stephen L. Payne received his Ph.D. in Management from Arizona State University. He is an Associate Professor of Management and has broad research interests in areas related to ethics and education. Karynne L. M. Kleine is an Associate Professor of Middle Grades Education and has an Ed.D. from the University of Maine in science studies. Her interests are intellectual development for teacher preparation and the history and philosophy of science education. Jim Purcell received his Ed.D. from the University of Alabama, is currently the Executive Director of State System Research for the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, and concentrates on issues of student retention and graduation. Ginger Rudesal Carter is an Associate Professor of Mass Communication with a Ph.D. from the University of Southern Mississippi. Her interests include research on oral history, the media, and issues relating to the student press.     

论教师教育中的“学术性”和“师范性”

20世纪80年代高校教师开始参加教师培训工作,随后90年代教育政策大幅度调整,教师教育这一策略随后走进了各个院校。教师教育在形成不同的培养模式之后效果显著。总之,在新时代培养的高要求、高质量教师的前提下,实现学术与师范融合的目的,改变过去呆板、单一的教学方式,结合理论与实践达到教师专业的理想程度。     

Theorizing Language Teacher Identity: Three Perspectives and Beyond

Language teacher identity is an emerging subject of interest in research on language teacher education and teacher development. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which teacher identity is theorized. The present article explores ways of theorizing language teacher identity by presenting three data-based studies of teacher identity and juxtaposing the three different theoretical frameworks that they use: Tajfel's (1978) social identity theory, Lave and Wenger's (1991) theory of situated learning, and Simon's (1995) concept of the image-text. It is seen that each theoretical perspective allows us to investigate different substantive and theoretical aspects of language teacher identity and that there are strong conceptual resonances among the different approaches. While in isolation each theory has its limitations, an openness to multiple theoretical approaches allows a richer and more useful understanding of the processes and contexts of teacher identity.     

大学教师：一项学术性职业

大学职能的成功发挥有赖于对大学教师职业属性的把握和理解.大学教师职业成长与变迁的历史与实践证明,大学教师是一项以知识传播和科学探索为内容的学术性职业,是一项与大学发展密切相关的学术性职业,是一项需要学术自由权利呵护的学术性职业.     

高校图书馆与教师信息素养教育

信息素养概念源自图书馆素质和文献检索技能,随着对信息概念的不断深入,信息素养从传统的信息检索、存储的基本含义上升为一个涵盖广泛的综合性概念。教师信息素养是信息时代发展的必然要求,是教育改革发展的前提条件,是教师专业化发展的内在需要,而高校教师信息素养教育则是高校教师适应教育信息化发展的客观要求。高校图书馆在教师信息素养教育中具有环境优势、人才优势、技术和经验优势,通过各种途径和方式为提高教师信息素养服务。     

“师范性”与“学术性”：大学教师在职培训课程研究

大学教师在职培训既要提高学术性,又要强化师范性,处理好两者的辩证关系,对提高培训质量具有重要意义．当前我国大学教师的培训重点已由学历补偿教育转到岗位培训,以便提高大学教师的教育能力和综合素质．因此,要认真借鉴国外的先进经验,重视培训内容的选择和组织,强调培训课程的针对性、实用性和前瞻性．     

学术职业与高校教师管理

高校教师从事的是学术职业。基于学术职业和学术职业主体地位的高校组织的特点,高校教师管理具有自身的特征：严格学术标准、强调学术自治、遵循学术自由、重视学术成就与声望等。     

我国幼儿园教师教育研究学术史:70年回顾与展望

我国幼儿园教师专业发展观经历了理智取向、实践取向和精神取向的三次转变,由此带来了幼儿园教师职前教育课程从关注知能到关注实践再到关注精神的变革。随着幼儿园教师教育的深化发展,研究术语从“教师培训”改为“教师专业发展”,进而被“教师学习”所替代。这一转变凸显了幼儿园教师是自主的终身学习者,体现了幼儿园教师培训观从外铄论转向内发论,自主取向的幼儿园教师发展观得到了普遍认同。同时,这一转变还催生了个人和集体的教师文化之间的相互调适,营造合作共生、带有学习共同体特征的幼儿园教师文化生态成为共识。在方法论层面,哲学思辨范式、科学实证范式、人文诠释范式、社会批判范式等研究范式呈现出齐头并进、互取所长的横向格局,但在当前大数据和人工智能的时代背景下,同时也存在着过度推崇“基于证据”的实证研究的倾向。研究范式的多元化是幼儿园教师教育研究发展的内在要求,基于“复杂性思想”,从多元整合的视角开展研究应是未来幼儿园教师教育研究发展的重要趋势。     

大学教师的学术责任:一个责任伦理视角

学术行为需要一种责任意识,在科技推动下快速变迁的现代社会中,责任意识必须从后台走向前台。大学教师的学术责任包括：大学教师对学生的发展负有培养的责任与义务,大学教师有发现真理、增扩知识和发现知识的责任与义务,大学教师在运用自己的发现后不仅要对成果所引起的社会后果及生态后果负责,而且还要对研究过程负责。     

关于“学术性”与“师范性”之争的原因分析

“学术性”和“师范性”之争是师范教育改革发展过程中一直存在的问题。章从教师观念和教师的专业性两个方面分析入手,指出争论存在的原因就是教师职业具有一定的替代性。最后作提出了几点提高教师专业化水平的建议。     

A case study in defining literacy: David Olson's journey from the Great Divide to the Great Beyond

David Olson writes his reply to Snyder in this issue ofInterchange. See page 56.     

美国教师教育转型中学术传统的影响

学术传统在美国教师教育转型中始终存在:专门化阶段初遇挑战、渐趋弱势;学历化阶段现实体现、似弱实强;综合化阶段则逻辑延伸、继续主导。该传统在美国教师教育中的深远影响必然对我国教师教育的转型有所启示。     

大学学术规范与学术评价研究

分析了大学学术规范和学术评价的现实意义,提出了建立健全大学学术规范与学术评价工作的方法,认为把学术规范与学术评价联系起来进行研究,能促进学术规范和谐发展。     

Research on Teacher Thinking and Implications for Teacher Training

In teacher training it is necessary to take into account the practical knowledge student teachers have about teaching. Student teachers should have the opportunity of integrating theories that are being taught with their own practical knowledge. This can only happen if the student teacher recognises the theories as being relevant to their teaching practice. To facilitate and stimulate such an integration process, teacher trainers need to have insight in the content and the development of the practical knowledge of teaching. This content and development will be described and there will be given some implications for teacher training.