当前我国师范专业招生问题及对策探讨

文章从分析当前我国师范生招生的录取分数线,院校的评价及录取标准入手,认为当前我国师范专业的招生质量不高,影响到教师教育的质量。文章提出,提高教师社会经济地位;重建师范生的免费制度和教育服务制度———如采取与教育服务挂钩的费用支付制度;建立师范生的招生标准,严格招生程序是提高师范专业招生质量的关键性因素。     

I've Never Viewed Myself as a Researcher,but...

Many teacher education programs in the United States (US) face increasing demands to better prepare teachers for entry into and retention in urban schools. Through a US Department of Education grant, a university–school partnership was formed to develop a community‐based model of teacher preparation that placed pre‐service teachers in urban schools for a full year. Based on questionnaires and interviews with university teacher education faculty, and both pre‐service and novice classroom teachers who took their first jobs in urban schools, this research considers the common concerns and disparate roles that the three groups considered paramount in preparing new teachers for urban schools.     

Teacher training: what’s needed

This article offers insight into teacher training that needs to be occurring in the preparation of teachers. The focus is on the preparation practices and one Canadian institution is used to forward concerns. The institution is left anonymous as the intent is not to critique this particular institution but to bring attention to a more general issue in the preparation of teachers within the university setting. A personal view of specific issues is offered in the hope that it will contribute to the dialogue about future practices and research on teacher preparation.     

Trainee teachers’ experiences of teaching practicum: Issues,challenges, and new possibilities

Abstract

This paper focuses on a qualitative case study concerned with teaching practicum as a pivotal component of teacher education in Malawi. It addresses some of the issues and concerns associated with workload, ill-defined mentoring support, and implementation of certain pedagogical orientations during teaching practicum placement. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that trainee teachers undergo varied and often challenging experiences during teaching practicum. To counter some of the concerns, suggestions are made to improve certain aspects of teaching practicum. There is need for authentic school – college partnerships, improved structures of school-based professional support, and a deeper awareness of the complexity of learner-centred pedagogy. It is imperative that teacher educators engage with these findings to further improve the design of teaching practicum and the overall quality of teacher education and teaching in Malawi.     

我国高等师范学生资助制度完善对策研究

中小学教师是特殊的专门职业,这表现在虽然入职前的人力资本投资较高,但是入职后的经济回报却相对较低。因此,为了保障中小学教师队伍的供求平衡,就需要政府对中小学教师进行特殊的经济补助。这种补助以中小学教师工资补贴和高等师范专业特殊资助两种基本形式出现。这样,师范专业特殊资助本质上是该职业人力资本投资回报低的政府补偿的一部分。世界各国在两种资助形式的使用上有所不同,我国当前采取师范专业特殊资助的单一形式。国际经验表明,助学贷款还款豁免与奖助学金可转贷款制度是实行师范专业特殊资助的最佳选择。有鉴于此,我国现行的助学金性质的免费师范生制度今后需要改进。建议是,先把现行的免费师范生制度改善为免费师范生助学金可转助学贷款制度,其次是逐步建立师范生助学贷款还款豁免制度,第三是尽快建立师范生资助专项基金制度,第四是在条件许可时,建立完善的中小学教师工资补贴制度。     

现代教育技术条件下高校教师角色转换的策略研究

本文首先分析了高校教师传统角色的局限性;然后提出由于现代教育技术改变了高等教育的目标、观念和课程,改变了知识的传播方式及其对高校师生关系的影响等,这些影响将改变人们对教师角色的认识和期望,也意味着在现代教育技术条件下教师角色必然发生转换.硬件技术、潜件技术及软件技术的不断发展和完善为高校教师角色的转换提供了可能性,现代教育技术的不断发展对高校教师角色提出了挑战,论文进而提出了高校教师角色转换的策略.     

An examination of knowledge prioritisation in secondary physical education teacher education courses

A number of terms have been used to describe knowledge needed for teaching, one of which is subject knowledge. How knowledge for teaching is conceptualised in teacher education prioritises some knowledge bases over other knowledge bases. Further, knowledge prioritised by student teachers is influenced by socialisation prior to and during an initial teacher education course and priorities for student teachers as they develop as teachers. Previous research in physical education teacher education points to the pre-eminence of content knowledge above other knowledge bases. The purpose of this study was to look at what knowledge is prioritised by student teachers, school-based mentors and university tutors working on three secondary physical education initial teacher education courses in England. Results showed that content knowledge was seen as having greater importance for student teachers and mentors, but university tutors generally conceptualised subject knowledge more broadly, suggesting that it should be seen as covering a number of knowledge bases needed for teaching. These results are discussed in relation to socialisation processes in education and phases of development. Although there is a clear physical education focus to this work, it is possible that student teachers learning to teach other subjects may also focus excessively on subject content knowledge above other knowledge bases.     

“Pupils should have respect for you,although I have no idea how to achieve this?”: The ideals and experiences shaping a teacher’s professional identity

The aim of the study was to understand the development of professional identity of prospective teachers, their ideals and experiences during interactions with their surrounding learning environment, including university studies and pedagogical placement during their 5-year studies. We also aimed at understanding how students with different motivational pathways to teacher education may be supported to explore teaching as a possible career choice. The findings reported in this article emerged primarily from interviews with 13 student teachers at the end of their teacher education programme. Survey responses collected during earlier stages of the study were utilised to provide data about the student teachers’ professional development prior to the point of the interviews. The findings of the study point to various concerns and dilemmas, which in turn suggest that student teachers take different identity development routes. The study identified four possible “identity routes” to becoming a teacher. The implications of different identity routes on teacher education are discussed.     

Research: an insight on how it is valued by Portuguese and English teacher educators

ABSTRACT

The quality of how teachers are being prepared is seen as a priority in the twenty-first century and engagement with research is often considered a crucial element of initial teacher education programmes. Institutional and national contexts have an impact in the way research is valued. This paper investigates the perspectives of Portuguese and English teacher educators towards the value given to research in initial teacher education. Interviews were completed with teacher educators working within different kinds of higher education institutions—university, polytechnic and teaching-led university. Results suggest that research has a significant presence and relevance in all cases but is valued differently     

Perceived efficacy of teachers in Macao and their alacrity to engage with inclusive education

ABSTRACT

This paper reports findings of a mixed methods study examining private school teachers’ perceptions of efficacy in dealing with the challenges presented by inclusive education in Macao. This is highly pertinent after the Government invited consultation to propose changes to amendments of the Decree Law of 1996 concerning the education of students with Special Education Needs (SEN) which will likely see private schools being required to accept these students in the future. Within the context of teacher preparedness for inclusive education, the study found that a number of teachers felt that they were not at all prepared to teach students with SEN. Whilst some teachers suggested that they lacked skills and knowledge in teaching in inclusive classrooms, some felt overwhelmed with the challenges. The teachers proposed that they would need to know how to provide instructional adaptations and modifications to support students with SEN. Implications for continuous development of teacher training and education are discussed within the context of improving teacher efficacy and how private school teachers could better respond to the challenges of inclusive education in Macao.     

法国教师教育大学化的传统与变革

法国是世界上教师教育机构建立最早的国家,教师教育具有悠久的历史和传统。20世纪60年代法国大学开始真正介入教师教育。1991年后,法国在各大学区创建大学教师培训学院,将之作为全国统一的大学水平的教师专业培养机构。法国教师教育大学化模式的基本特点在于：教师职前培养达成综合大学水准,教师职前教育与教师职后教育有机整合,从而努力实现教师专业化。面向21世纪,法国针对教师教育中存在的问题,采取各种措施不断改进大学化教师教育模式。     

Concepts,policies and practices of teacher education: an analysis of studies on teacher education in Portugal

Education policies, and in particular those related to teacher education, are central to the construction of Europe as a knowledge society and for facing the social and economic challenges that European countries must respond to in this millennium. This article presents an analysis of studies on the evaluation of in-service teacher education conducted in Portugal since 1992. Based on the results of this analysis, the study develops a reflection on the concepts, policies and practices of in-service teacher education, contextualising it within a wider equation related to teachers’ education in Europe. The study consisted of content analyses of scientific articles, research reports, studies of evaluation and legal documents that provide the guidelines for in-service teacher education in Portugal. At the end, a final reflection and some general recommendations for teacher education are presented. There is a focus on the importance of placing in-service teacher education at the centre of educational contexts and on the problems that this causes in teachers’ work, emphasising its importance for social justice in Europe.     

Becoming a teacher in a gambling city: a case study of two pre-service teachers’ motivation for teaching in Macau

The present case study investigates the teaching motivation of two pre-service teachers studying in teacher education programs in a Macau university. The findings indicated that while Macau is a gambling center and abundant job opportunities are provided by casinos, both participants were highly motivated to improve the teaching and learning situation in Macau and bring positive changes to the Macau educational context. The findings also demonstrated the facilitative role of teachers and teacher educators in the formation of the motivation of student teachers. The study concludes with implications for enhancing the motivation of pre-service teachers, and the role of teacher education programs in Macau and other similar contexts.     

Alternative Routes into the Teaching Profession

This article examines the ways in which the development of alternative initial teacher education programs in England and Canada over the last two decades serve to challenge some of the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying established models of initial teacher education in both jurisdictions, and also to broaden the pool of people who have access to the profession. The article offers a brief, initial account of the development of a standard model of initial teacher education in both countries that is characterized as being: university governed and university based; primarily full-time; incorporating a standard curriculum, with admission requirements that generally reflect the traditional academic expectations of the university; and which is funded jointly by the student and the state. Against this standard model the article examines the development of alternative or flexible models in both Canada and England. Three programs are described in some detail – The Brandon University Northern Teacher Education Program, The University of Manitoba’s Weekend College Teacher Education Program, and The University of Nottingham’s Flexible, Modularized Post-Graduate Certificate in Education Program – and each is examined in terms of the ways in which it challenges the assumptions embedded in traditional teacher education programs. At a time when attracting talented and committed teachers constitutes an important issue facing public education systems in both countries, the ability to construct high quality initial teacher education programs that can provide access to the profession to as wide a cross-section of the population as possible will be an important contribution to meeting this challenge.     

新时代师范生师德教育问题与对策

师德是教师的核心职业素养,师范生作为人民教师的后继者,师德素养是其不可或缺的部分.新时代条件下,我国的师德教育虽然取得了一定成效,但仍面临教育实践不足、教育途径单一、教育氛围不浓、教育效果欠佳等问题.因此,师范生师德教育亟需通过拓展师德实践渠道,巩固师德认知;创新师德教育途径,激发师德情感;营造师德教育氛围,培养师德意...     

解放旨趣下反思型教师教育课程文化建构

提高师范生反思能力,培养反思型教师是我国教师教育改革的一项重要任务。师范生的反思指向教育理论和教育实践,解放旨趣下,师范院校可通过培养反思的实践者、增加实践性课程、营造反思性课堂文化、采用多元评价方式来建构反思型教师教育课程文化,滋润反思型教师的成长。     

美国教师专业发展学校：理念、实施与问题

教师是在实践中发展和成长的，教学和学习密不可分，中学和大学是“共生关系”。PDS蕴舍的这些理念，在实施过程中，要求实习教师、在职教师、大学教授以及其他参与人员都扮演着与以往不同的角色。角色的转换将直接影响PDS的成效和未来发展。随着该教师教育模式的推进和发展，PDS将取得显著成效。但也存在着学校教师参与积极性不高、大学教授角色转变困难、文化制度阻碍实施等不容忽视的问题。     

地方高师高层次教师教育人才培养的机遇与对策

教师教育的变革给地方师范大学发展带来了前所未有的挑战;《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》颁布及全国教育工作会议的召开,对教师教育提出了新的要求;我国研究生教育结构性调整,为地方师范大学发展提供了新的视角。笔者认为,地方师范大学将挑战与要求转化为发展动力,抓住难得发展机遇,提升教师教育人才培养层次,扩大教育硕士规模,坚持培养原则,创新培养保障措施,确保培养质量,是其充分发挥自身优势与突出办学特色,在激烈市场竞争中谋求长远发展的较佳选择。