幼儿科学问题解决能力的发展特点与家长教育卷入的影响

为揭示幼儿科学问题解决能力的一般发展特点及家长教育卷入的影响,本研究运用幼儿科学问题解决能力测验与家长教育卷入问卷,对福建省5所幼儿园294名幼儿及其家长进行调查。结果表明,大班幼儿的科学问题解决能力总体高于中班幼儿,男生的科学问题解决能力总体高于女生;在难度较大的任务中,大班幼儿的表现显著优于中班幼儿,在难度较小的任务中,男生的表现显著优于女生;男生和女生的科学问题解决能力在4~4.5岁阶段均平稳缓慢发展;男生的科学问题解决能力在4.5~5.5岁阶段提升较为迅速;女生的科学问题解决能力在5~6岁阶段提升较为迅速。幼儿科学问题解决能力与家长教育卷入总分以及家长讨论、家长语言认知活动参与、家长生活指导等维度得分呈显著正相关。家长语言认知活动参与、家长生活指导对幼儿科学问题解决能力具有正向预测作用。家长应关注幼儿科学问题解决能力发展的年龄特点与性别差异,加强与幼儿的语言互动,培养幼儿生活自理能力,创设具有挑战性的科学探索环境,激发幼儿科学探索兴趣,以促进幼儿科学问题解决能力的发展。     

What do employers pay for employees’ complex problem solving skills?

We estimate the market value that employers assign to the complex problem solving (CPS) skills of their employees, using individual-level Mincer-style wage regressions. For the purpose of the study, we collected new and unique data using psychometric measures of CPS and an extensive background questionnaire on employees’ personal and work history. The data were collected in 16 firms (23 establishments) in Germany, Spain, South Africa, Denmark, Slovakia, Switzerland, and France in the period 2012–2014. We find significant economic returns to CPS in our sample. One standard deviation higher CPS is associated with 10–20% higher hourly wages. The returns to CPS are sizeable even after controlling for fluid intelligence, suggesting that CPS probably captures skills important for modern production that are beyond what general intelligence tests can measure.     

英语阅读理解题解题思路技巧谈

英语考试的阅读理解题型是对考生心理素质和分析判断能力的一种重要测试,只有保持良好的心志,依据题型特点,抓住中心,透章,重视语感,猜测等解题方法,才能收到准确快速的答题效果。     

中学数学困难生的元认知技能干预效应研究

数学学优生与学困生在元认知技能的前测成绩存在显著性差异,但3个数学困生的实验组的元认知技能前测成绩没有显著差异;经元认知技能的短期训练后,数学学困生在元认知技能方面有显著性的提高,但与学优生的差异仍然显著;3个数困生的干预组的元认知技能后测分数之间没有显著差异．     

案例知识与复杂问题解决

人们在日常生活中需要不断地解决各种问题,正如波普尔所说\"全部的生活就是问题解决\"。问题解决,尤其是复杂问题的解决,已成为认知科学和学习研究中关注的焦点。复杂问题的解决是一个动态的复杂过程,需要综合运用多种认知和非认知成分。先前的研究已经提出了解决复杂问题的多种模型,给人们解决复杂问题提供了可依靠的支架。而案例知识作为一种典型性、叙事性、情境性、实践性、个人性、整体性的经验知识在问题解决中得到了广泛应用,已成为支持复杂问题解决的有效形式,具体表现为:支持问题境脉的阐释、支持问题的多视角认识、支持解决方案的生成、支持解决方案的确定以及支持对问题解决结果的评价。它正作为一种支持人们解决问题的资源,在现实中发挥越来越大的作用。     

Animation as an Aid to Multimedia Learning

How can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scientific and mathematical explanations? In this review, we examine the role of animation in multimedia learning (including multimedia instructional messages and microworld games), present a cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and summarize our program of research, which has yielded seven principles for the use of animation in multimedia instruction. These include the multimedia principle (present animation and narration rather than narration alone), spatial contiguity principle (present on-screen text near rather than far from corresponding animation), temporal contiguity principle (present corresponding animation and narration simultaneously rather than successively), coherence principle (exclude extraneous words, sounds, and video), modality principle (present animation and narration rather than animation and on-screen text), redundancy principle (present animation and narration rather than animation, narration, and on-screen text), and personalization principle (present words in conversational rather than formal style). Animation can promote learner understanding when used in ways that are consistent with the cognitive theory of multimedia learning.     

Young adolescents' metacognition and domain knowledge as predictors of hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported context

Recently, the importance of ill‐structured problem‐solving in real‐world contexts has become a focus of educational research. Particularly, the hypothesis‐development process has been examined as one of the keys to developing a high‐quality solution in a problem context. The authors of this study examined predictive relations between young adolescents' metacognition, prior domain knowledge, and hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported environment. Data were collected from 11‐ and 12‐year‐old Korean students (N = 101). A hypothesised model in predicting hypothesis‐development performance was evaluated using structural equation modelling. Both metacognition and prior domain knowledge significantly predicted young adolescents' hypothesis‐development performance. Implications and limitations of the present study and issues, including the experimental design, are discussed.     

初中语文综合性学习显性目标解析

语文综合性学习的显性目标包括方法性知识目标、能力目标。方法性知识目标包括信息的搜集、处理、发布、评价;能力目标包括问题解决能力及创造能力、言语能力、人际交往能力。初中阶段语文综合性学习的目标应进行分解、细化,以利于一线教师在实施过程中的宏观掌控教学,并进行具体的教学设计,最终达成《语文课程标准》要求的目标。     

中学数学学困生题后反思的元认知技能培训

在教学环境下,如何提高个体的元认知水平,一直是元认知研究领域的焦点课题.通过控制课堂教学,对“题后反思”法的训练效果进行研究是很有必要的,由此得出:(1)数学学优生与学困生在元认知技能方面存在显著性的差异;(2)经题后反思的短期培训后,数学学困生在元认知技能方面有显著性的提高,但是与学优生的差异仍然显著.     

知识向能力转化的条件与策略——基于不同类型知识间的关系

知识与能力的关系不是线性的,知识向能力转化受知识类型、学习策略、学习情境等中介变量的制约。研究知识向能力转化的条件与策略是深化新课程改革、实施素质教育的迫切需要。新的知识观认为知识可分为三大类：陈述性知识、程序性知识和策略性知识。知识转化为能力,需陈述性知识与程序性知识之间相互转化,策略性知识调控陈述性知识和程序性知识的学习;问题解决检验个体能力的高低。     

数学解题的有意义学习

解决数学问题的学习是寻求解决数学问题方法的一种心理活动,是一种高级形式的学习活动,数学解题学习是有意义发现学习的数学解题认识观,数学的解题认知结构由解题知识结构,思维结构和解题元认知结构组成,“理解题意和解题回顾”是数学解题有意义学习的最重要环节。     

Assessing kindergarteners’ mathematics problem solving: The development of a cognitive diagnostic test

This study aimed to develop an instrument for assessing kindergarteners’ mathematics problem solving (MPS) by using cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA). A total of 747 children were recruited to examine the psychometric properties of the cognitive diagnostic test. The results showed that the classification accuracy of 11 cognitive attributes ranged from .68 to .99, with the average being .84. Both the cognitive diagnostic test score and the average mastery probabilities of the 11 cognitive attributes had moderate correlations with the Applied Problem subtest and the Calculation subtest of the Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Achievement. Moreover, the correlation between the cognitive diagnostic test and the Applied Problems subtest was higher than that between the cognitive diagnostic test and the Calculation subtest. The results indicated that the formal cognitive diagnostic test was a reliable instrument for assessing kindergarteners’ MPS in the domain of number and operations.     

关于圆锥曲线第二种定义的教学

在圆锥曲线的教学中,讲清圆锥曲线的第二种定义是很重要的。它可以帮助学生深入理解几种圆锥曲线的区别与联系,又可以利用统一定义去简便地解决一部分有关圆锥曲线的问题。     

"问题解决"与创新素质培养

“问题解决”国际数学教育界较为流行的一种教学模式。数学学科重视“问题解决”教学 ,有利于培养学生的创新意识 ,训练学生的创新思维 ,发展学生的创新个性 ,锻造学生的创新品质     

马钢经理人职业化培训实践与思考

摘要：员工职业化是企业参与市场竞争的软实力,培训是实现职业化的最有效途径。本文从培训的视角,在马钢经理人职业化培训实践的基础上,对职业化培训路径、职业化培训体系及培训师队伍建设等相关问题,进行总结与探索。     

论高等工科院校的人文教育和技术教育

针对当前高等院校特别是培养应用性人才的工科类院校只重视技术知识教育,只强调授课考试等现象,提出高等工科院校的两种主要教学环节。     

美国数学教育中的提出问题研究综述

在数学活动中,提出问题是指通过对情境的探索产生新问题,或在解决问题过程中对问题的再阐述.随着全美数学教师联合会<学校数学课程与评价标准>的颁布,提出问题成为美国数学课程的重要组成部分.最近20多年以来,美国在提出问题的教学研究方面取得了大量的研究成果.这些成果对于我国新课程下提出问题由课程理念向教学现实的转移具有借鉴和参考价值.