美国高校大数据精准指导弱势学生发展研究

大数据时代美国高等教育的弱势学生发展问题成为一项重要的研究议题。美国通过建立完善的高等教育数据系统,形成良好的政策支持、技术协作研发和组织协同的生态机制,实施描述性分析、预测性分析、自适应学习、财务指导与干预等技术策略,来保护弱势学生权益,提升弱势学生学业质量,促进弱势学生发展。美国高等教育大数据技术精确指导弱势学生发展虽然优势明显,但是大数据安全和隐私及技术使用的道德与标准化问题仍然面临巨大的挑战。     

批判民族志：弱势群体教育公平研究的新视野

近年来,我国关于弱势群体教育公平的研究成果颇丰,但是大多数仍然是宏观的政策理论研究,深入到弱势群体的微观实证研究成果还是很缺乏。批判民族志主要是通过研究者与研究对象的互动来理解和诠释研究对象的生活经历,并着手改造教育不公平的现象,因而为我国弱势群体教育公平研究提供了一个新视野,促进研究的深入发展。让研究者以＂局内人＂的身份理解弱势群体,深度描述和诠释弱势群体教育公平的现状;反思与批判背后的意识形态霸权与权力结构;在宏观与微观的视野中,提出建设性的解决对策,这才达到进行教育研究的真正目的。     

试析高校双困生就业弱势问题现状与对策

高校\"双困生\"是目前高校毕业生中的弱势群体。他们在经济状况、就业技能、就业观念、性格、就业政策上都处于弱势。属于家庭经济、就业都困难的学生。针对\"双困生\"面临的问题,为培养更多高素质、全面发展的高等教育人才,政府和学校应建立健全相关政策、设计相关课程有针对性的关怀就业弱势群体,增强他们的核心竞争力。     

欧盟的《格兰特威格计划》及其启示

《格兰特威格计划》通过欧盟各成员国在成人教育领域的合作,为成人特别是处于社会弱势地位的成人提供内容丰富、形式灵活以及安排合理的教育与培训项目,推动了成人教育机构及组织之间的合作,有效地满足了不同成人群体的学习需求,促进了弱势群体的社会融合。这对我国成人教育在推动社会组织机构的合作,改革课程设置,创新教学方法,确保成人弱势群体学习权利的获得以及促进成人弱势群体的社会融合等方面具有重要的借鉴意义。     

影响贫困大学生就业的主要因素及其对策初探

随着高校大规模的扩招,贫困大学生的绝对人数也在急剧增多,他们在学习、生活、交友、恋爱、择业等方面存在许多值得人们关心的地方,是高校思想政治教育中的主要对象。本文着重从大学生择业、就业中存在的问题和对策作一探讨,以期对高校和社会如何做好贫困大学生就业工作提供一个参考。     

‘Teaching’ the path towards university: understanding student access through storied-futures and meritocratic grand narratives

The notion that the stories of our lives shape dispositions towards imagined futures is another lens through which university underrepresentation should be viewed. A storied lens attends to how futures, like university attendance, are storied during childhood to the extent that some youth imagine, and therefore plan, these futures as natural progression. Such was the case for study participants, indicating that childhood stories contain answers for mitigating social reproduction connected to parental education and cultural forces within the home. Examining social mobility through the underexplored storied-futures grand narrative presents unique solutions that lay hidden within the dominant meritocratic grand narrative.     

如何支持第一代大学生——美国联邦教育项目的理念与实践

“学生支持服务”项目是一项美国于20世纪60年代设立的联邦教育项目,旨在通过对第一代大学生等处境不利的学生提供支持服务,有效提高其高等教育成就。在设置理念与性质方面,该项目重视高等教育中的文化因素,采用非经济化的项目准入标准和服务内容,强调形成支持性的文化氛围,以促进处境不利学生的学业成就。在具体设置和运营方面,该项目在国家层面以法律保障项目的地位来运营,由教育部分配项目基金,而具体运作由高校开展,便于为学生提供有针对性的支持服务,三者结合构建了健全的支持体系。“学生支持服务”项目促进了美国高等教育的公平发展与质量提升,其实施经验对于完善我国普及化时代的高等教育学生支持体系有一定借鉴价值。     

‘Uni has a different language … to the real world’: demystifying academic culture and discourse for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds

The Australian government has set ambitious targets for increased higher-education participation of people from low socioeconomic backgrounds. There is, thus, a pressing need to explore how best to empower these students with what they require to progress and succeed at university. The paper draws on a literature review and qualitative data from a national study in which 89 students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and 26 staff were interviewed. The paper argues that demystifying academic culture and discourses for these students is a key step institutions and staff can take in assisting students from low socioeconomic backgrounds to progress and succeed at university. A recurring theme to emerge from both the literature and interviews with students and staff was that teaching the discourse empowers and enables students to learn, has a positive impact on their sense of belonging and ultimately helps them succeed in higher education.     

African American students’ college choice processes in a post 209 era

Abstract

High-achieving African American students in California are not attending University of California (UC) campuses. Due to hyper-implementations of Proposition 209, which limited UC campuses’ ability to use race as a significant admission criteria, the UC system and individual UC campus policies have scaled back their efforts to recruit high-achieving African American students from California. This article presents findings from the qualitative portion (n?=?74) of a convergent mixed-method study of over 700 African American college-going students. Findings convey the critical role that access, outreach, diversity, and climate plays in the college choice process of African American high achievers. Drawing upon higher education and critical race literature, the findings further reveal the challenges and opportunities for states and elite universities in retaining its brightest students from diverse backgrounds. This research also conveys the potential of research to inform state, systemic, and institutional policies to increase access to selective public universities.     

对高校经济困难学生开展发展性辅导的意义及模式研究简

本文从发展性辅导的角度进行经济困难生管理工作的研究,首先介绍了发展性辅导的理念和内容以及对经济困难生管理工作的意义。从辅导队伍、辅导内容、辅导平台、辅导评价四个方面提出发展性辅导的模式。     

大学生弱势群体与社会主义和谐校园

大学生弱势群体的产生有着个人、家庭、学校、社会多方面的原因。要通过树立和谐意识、建立和谐氛围、创造和谐条件,帮助大学生发挥主观能动性,奋发向上,不断充实自己,去适应社会,做生活的强者,为构建社会主义和谐校园,促进高校和社会的健康和谐发展做出应有的贡献。     

高校经济困难大学生实践教育平台的建设与思考——以天津科技大学困难生社团建设为视角

在大学校园中,经济困难学生相比于其他学生往往要面对更多的成长困惑,正确面对和解决这些困惑,不仅关系到经济困难学生个体的成长与发展,同时也关系到高校育人目标的实现。本文认为,依托困难生社团建设经济困难大学生实践教育平台是实现经济困难大学生成长成才的有效途径,是经济困难大学生进行自我管理、自我服务、自我教育的重要机制。因此,本文以天津科技大学为例,详细阐述了困难生社团目前的建设及运行状况,并对未来高校经济困难大学生实践教育平台建设提出了建议。     

The retention and success of under-represented groups in a Bachelor of Education program in New Zealand

For several decades researchers have raised questions regarding factors that enable undergraduate students, particularly those from ethnic minority groups living in low socio-economic areas, to persist with their studies to degree completion. Seeking answers to these questions becomes more urgent as universities around the world enrol increasingly diverse cohorts of students. This article reviews the patterns of participation and success for students enrolled in a Bachelor of Education program at one university, distributed across three different locations and attracting different cohorts of students. This provided the university with a unique opportunity to learn about the retention and success of diverse cohorts, particularly those traditionally under-represented at undergraduate-level study. At least 75% of students in the under-represented groups passed their courses. Surprisingly the pass rates of students at the three campuses were similar, despite dissimilarities in ethnicity, socio-economic status and previous academic success.     

美国针对处境不利学生群体的大学预备计划及其特征

为了帮助弱势学生群体顺利升入大学,增加他们接受高等教育的机会,美国联邦政府制定了一系列专门针对这类学生群体的大学预备计划,并取得了显著的成效.其中备受关注且得到普遍认可的是TRIO计划和GEARUP计划.这两项计划虽然在具体内容上存在些许差异,但他们也具有一些共同的特征和原则,如充足的财政支持、完善的信息渠道、重视家长参与、开展早期干预活动,并借助于政府、学校、大学和社会组织的力量共同增加处境不利学生群体的高等教育入学机会.     

大学一年级经济困难生适应性调查研究——以沈阳航空航天大学调查与研究为例

调查显示经济困难生在入校半年中能够适应大学生活,但是对未来的学业生活充满担心;他们努力学习,但是没有没找到正确的方法;他们愿意结交朋友,但是交际人群十分单一;他们感受幸福,但是缺乏奋斗动力,理想信念缺失。这些特征为经济困难生的助困工作提供了一些启示。     

A case study on teaching and learning DNA

The purpose of this paper was to study the learning of DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） by disadvantaged high school students in a Thai welfare school. Three DNA units of the genetics instructional units （GIUs） based on a social constructivist approach were implemented to 14 disadvantaged school students at Grade 12 in Bangkok. The data were collected from classroom observation, interviews, students＇ works, basic genetics concepts survey and advanced genetics concepts survey. It was found that before the implementation of the GIUs, the majority of students had ＂no conceptions＂ about gene, chromosome and DNA including their relationships. During the implementation of the GIUs, the teacher induced students into the lessons, checked students＇ prior knowledge, used practical-inexpensive-durable instructional materials, promoted social interactions through a variety of teaching strategies, periodically used dynamic assessments and assigned students into groups where they were able to communicate with others. After the implementation, the majority of students showed having ＂scientific conceptions＂ in the chemical components of DNA and ＂partial understanding＂ of the DNA structure and relationships among cell-nucleus-chromosome-DNA-gene concepts.     

信息时代的高校贫困生问题及对策分析

随着社会的发展,信息技术正以惊人的速度改变着人们的生活方式,也严重地冲击着高校贫困生的学习和生活,使得高校贫困生问题再次成为社会讨论的热点之一。文章从解析信息时代贫困大学生存在的问题入手,分析其产生的原因,并提出了解决策略。