我国批判性思维研究综述

通过梳理国内批判性思维研究的基本趋势、研究内容及研究方法,旨在结合我国文化特点,探索大学生批判性思维的规律和特点,推动国内批判性思维理论研究的深入开展。     

One size fits all? The limitations of standardised assessment in critical thinking

In today’s market-driven educational culture, universities are coming under increasing pressure to justify funding through the disclosure of measurable outcomes in education and research. One educational objective that receives particular attention is critical thinking, regarded as an essential skill in both academic and work environments. The assessment of critical thinking has become a significant enterprise, with a number of standardised tests available for both individuals and organisations. While these tests are based on well-known taxonomies of critical thinking, this paper argues that institutions should be wary of using them as a means to measure educational outcomes. First, they fail to take into account fundamentally contested issues within conceptions of critical thinking. They also have significant weaknesses in terms of validity and reliability. Finally, and most importantly, they provide only a limited assessment of critical thinking, failing to evaluate the skills exercised in real-life academic tasks. A more effective approach to critical thinking testing would be one implemented at a faculty level, with assessments carried out on coursework integral to the curricula of specific academic disciplines.     

批判性思维教学在我国法律硕士教育中的误用及矫正

批判性思维教学在我国法律硕士教育中存在被误用的情形,这不仅导致学生批判性思维能力低下,还瓦解了学生对法律的信仰。批判性思维教学在我国法律硕士教育中异化成为批判而批判的教学,是受特定的社会条件和一些主观因素共同作用而形成的。矫正批判性思维教学在我国法律硕士教育中的误用,首先需要考虑法律人思维的保守性,其次是法学教师应真正领会批判性思维的核心内涵,避免为批判而批判的形式主义。     

Assessing graduate attributes for employability in the context of lifelong learning： The holistic approach

To promote economic and personal growth, higher education students＇ employability, ensuring their preparedness for the workforce, is emphasized. From the employer＇s perspective, judging whether a graduate is employable depends upon whether the graduate exhibits the attributes which employers value. Yet, with the growing emphasis on lifelong learning, it is important for higher education to re-consider and reframe the development and assessment of attributes of graduates in the context of lifelong learning. In this paper, these attributes will be explored in that context, and the issue of how assessment helps the development of graduate attributes is to be considered. Student engagement is proposed in this paper as the holistic, useful approach for the development of employability and lifelong learning. The holistic approach reflects the fact that what is required in a workforce is not the acquisition of knowledge, skills and dispositions per se, but the capability to make an engagement through which knowledge, skills and dispositions are connected as a whole. The lack of emphasis on students＇ engagement could lead to mistakenly selecting as important for the focus of assessment simply the acquisition of skills, knowledge or dispositions, rather than the holistic connection of these to their application in the workforce.     

Moodle网络平台下的英语专业学生思辨能力研究

以“思辨性任务序列”为基本框架,设计了基于Moodle网络平台的英语专业学生思辨训练模式并验证了其有效性。受试为英语专业二年级学生（71人）,实验班及2个对照组的配对样本T检验及单因素方差分析结果显示,该模式能有效提高学生的思辨技能。网络平台在线讨论版块“交流互动”功能有助于发展学生的思辨能力,“即时反馈”“学习路径”等管理功能有助于实现思辨训练的过程跟踪及控制。基于在线写作任务的“评价及反馈”是决定该模式有效性的关键环节。在推论技能,评估技能和分析技能三项核心思辨技能中,推论及评估技能优先得到发展。     

批判性思维在法学专业实践教学中的应用

当前,我国法学实践教学中普遍存在培养目标不明、教学内容过场化和学生认同度不高等实际问题。基于此,将批判性思维引入法学实践教学环节,开设批判性思维训练课程,在批判性思维模式下设计实践教学内容,应用苏格拉底式教学法等,探索实践教学改革的新路径。     

以思辨能力为目标的基础英语形成性评估探析

学生思辨能力的培养与形成性评估具有高度内在关联性。在基础英语课程的教学过程中,确定评估的目标和标准,围绕输出技能收集学习证据,帮助学生进行自我评估和同伴评估,有利于促进学生思辨能力的发展。     

批判性思维及其技能研究

批判性思维的核心内容是批判性精神和批判性思维技能。批判性思维技能是一种运用批判技术和策略反思性分析和解决问题的能力。依据批判性思维的教学、训练与大学生所学学科内容的关系,批判性思维技能训练可以有一般方法、沉浸方法、灌输方法和混合方法等四种。     

Creative accounting? The critical and creative voice of students

University accounting education typically develops the technical skills that students require to enter into the world of commerce. However, in the context of the rapidly changing socioeconomic environment, and a proliferation of corporate and financial collapses, there have been calls for educators to provide a more contextual appreciation of accounting practice. The changing nature of work has also generated calls for the development of generic skills in students, such as creativity and critical thinking. We outline our efforts to offer third-year university students the opportunity to use creativity in response to their major assessment task. This task required students to explore the ethical dimension of a recent corporate collapse and present their understanding in a modality of their choice. Our analysis of the creative experience of students suggests that such a creative approach to assessment opens up possibilities for a transformative educational experience. While this article focuses on accountancy students, this type of assessment has potential application for other disciplines.     

论批判性思维及其在创新过程中的作用

批判性思维包括批判性思维精神和批判性思维技能。批判性思维精神对创新产生驱动力的作用,促使创新活动的发生,保障创新活动继续发展直至取得创新成果,是创新的源动力和精神支撑;批判性思维技能帮助主体疏通思维渠道,拓展思维空间,提供思维方法及其检验标准、方法,从而提高主体思维的效率。二者在创新过程中发挥启航、导航和护航的作用。     

提高理工科研究生创造性思维能力的若干思路

我国传统教育在培养创造性思维方面是乏力的 ,并成为我国至今尚无一个诺贝尔奖得主的主要原因之一。本文以理工科研究生为研究对象 ,提出了开发创造性思维的若干思路。     

学生批判思维技能养成的域外经验和策略

批判思维(critical thinking)一直被视为学生最重要的一项思维技能,也是学生学习质量最重要的一个指标。培养学生的批判思维技能是国外,尤其教育发达国家,教育工作者极为强调的一个教学目标。域外在批判思维技能的培养方面提供的经验和策略包括:明确批判思维及其教学的核心;将批判思维技能的培养融于所有年级所有课程的实施中;选用有利于学生批判思维发展的教学活动方法;利用信息技术的优势促进学生批判思维发展等。