大鼠佐剂关节炎血清细胞因子水平与炎症及病理变化的相关性研究

目的为进一步探讨细胞因子在类风湿关节炎中的作用．方法５０只ＳＤ大鼠以完全弗氏佐剂（ＦＣＡ）形成ＡＡ动物模型．随机分为Ⅰ组（２周）、Ⅱ组（３周）、Ⅲ组（４周）、Ⅳ组（８周）以及Ⅴ组（正常对照）．分别对各组大鼠血清前炎症细胞因子ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－６以及抑制性细胞因子 ＩＬ－４、 ＩＬ－ １０水平进行测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）．同时检查炎症指标血沉（ＥＳＲ）、关节肿胀度、病理切片，所有结果进行对比并做动态分析．结果ＡＡ大鼠Ⅰ－Ⅲ组ＥＳＲ水平及关节肿胀度与对照组均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＴＮＦ－α组水平各组均高于正常（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＩＬ－６水平Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）、Ⅲ组高于正常；ＩＬ－４水平Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组低于正常组，Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组高于正常组，但均无显著性意义；与正常组比较，ＩＬ－１０水平Ⅰ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）、Ⅲ组均低于正常，Ⅳ组高于正常组并有非常显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）；细胞因子动态观察结果，ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－ ６水平随急性期（第２周）开始而升高，高峰水平随急性期过去（第８周）而下降．而调节性因子ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－１０高峰时间滞后于炎症因子，并随慢性期延长而升高．结论ＡＡ大?     

苹果褪绿叶斑病毒检测:PCR技术与ELISA技术灵敏度比较

苹果褪绿叶斑病毒（ＡＣＬＳＶ）是感染仁果类和核果类果树的重要病毒．作者应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术和ＰＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ技术成功地检测了该病毒，并对指示植物中感染该病毒的检测结果进行了报道．试验结果表明，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术的检测灵敏度是ＰＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ技术的８０００倍．     

CR-MMA接枝氯丁胶的研究

本文研究了ＣＲ／溶剂比率、ＣＲ／ＭＭＡ比率、温度、Ｂ．Ｐ．Ｏ及增粘树脂等对ＣＲ－ＭＭＡ接枝胶的影响,提出了合理的配方及工艺参数范围     

PEERAMID测验的修订与试用

本研究对美国“少年准备的儿科学检查（ＰＥＥＲＡＭＩＤ）”进行了翻译，并根据小样本预实验的结果和反馈意见进行了初步的修订。共调查了９—１１岁学习困难儿童２８名和正常儿童３２名，以研究两组儿童方神经心理功能差异。结果表明，ＰＥＥＲＡＭＩＤ—ＣＲ是较好的测量儿童学习准备和能力的工具，信度和效度检验均在可接受范围内。经因素分析，ＰＥＥＲＡＭＩＤ—ＣＲ可析出视觉一运动整合、语言提取和表达、时间序列组织、视觉加工、语言理解等九个因素。应用判别分析法，获得样本中与老师评价符合率为８３．３％。相关分析发现，ＰＥＥＲＡＭＩＤ—ＣＲ与学习成绩之间有显著性相关。本研究还从应用的角度来讨论学习困难儿童的行为和心理特征，为采取针对性的指导策略和教育干预提供客观依据。     

成套电器CADsuperWORKS

成套电器ＣＡＤ ｓｕｐｅｒ ＷＯＲＫＳ Ｒ５．２是基于ＡＵＴＯＣＡＤ Ｒ１４平台，针对成套电器生产厂家开发的一套ＣＡＤ软件包。具有一次、二次电路原理图的绘制，施工接线图、接线表。端子表、明细表自动生成，面板自动开孔等强大功能。下面具体介绍该软件的主要功能： １、原理图的绘制一般的ＡＵＴＯＣＡＤ也可以绘制电气原理图，但步骤繁琐，编辑不方便。ｓｕｐｅｒＷＯＲＫＳ绘制原理图却非常简捷，并且根据具体情况有多种画法。其中常用的是链式画法和模块画法。 图（ａ）采用的就是链式画法。它的要领是：一次连续画完一条相对完…     

利用DIRECTOR4.0开发多媒体教学软件

利用ＤＩＲＥＣＴＯＲ４．０开发多媒体教学软件王宪功，李文光为了更加有效的开发出高质量的教学软件，中央电教馆推荐了ＭＡＣＲＯＭＥＤＩＡ公司开发的ＤＩＲＥＣＴＯＲ４．０作为多媒体创作工具。在软件开发的过程中，我们亲身体会到ＤＩＲＥＣＴＯＲ４．０的强大功能...     

用特殊法解电学题

例１三个完全相同的电阻，它们串联后总电阻是它们并联后的总电阻的Ａ．３倍Ｂ．６倍Ｃ．９倍Ｄ．１２倍采用特殊值法解：假定有三个３欧的电阻，串联总电阻是９欧，并联总电阻是１欧。两者之比为９，故正确答案是Ｃ．例２有若干个电阻，并联后的总电阻为Ｒ，若从这些并联的若干电阻中取走一个电阻，设总电阻变为Ｒ′，那么：Ａ．Ｒ′＜ＲＢ．Ｒ′＞ＲＣ．Ｒ′＝Ｒ采用定性分析法：从并联的若干个电阻中取走一个电阻，相当于总电阻“变细”，而电阻越细，阻值越小，由可此知Ｒ′＞Ｒ，即答案Ｂ正确．例３一只普通家用白炽电灯正常发光时，通…     

高中数学分章训练

高中数学分章训练代数第七章复数（Ａ组）一、选择题１．ｉ９·ｉ９·ｉ６＝（）．Ａ．１Ｂ．－１Ｃ．ｉＤ．－ｉ２．若用Ｒ＋、Ｒ－、Ｘ分别表示正实数集、负实数集、纯虚数集，则集合｛ｍ２｝｜∈Ｘ｝＝（）．Ａ．Ｒ＋Ｂ．Ｒ－Ｃ．Ｒ＋ＵＲ－Ｄ．Ｒ－Ｕ｛０｝３．在以下...     

与P＋3Q≥R等价的三角形不等式链

笔者曾建立“Ｐ—Ｑ—Ｒ”法，借以证明研究一类不等式，尤其是研究三角形不等式［１］［２］，张瑞蓉老师在研究该方法的基础上，得到了如下定理［３］： 本文提出与Ｐ＋３Ｑ≥Ｒ等价的四个三角形不等式链：（Ⅱ）、（Ⅲ）、（Ⅳ）、（Ⅳ）． 定理１ａ，ｂ．ｃ为△ＡＢＣ三边，则注意到（ｂ＋ｃ—ａ）＝Ｐ—２Ｑ＋Ｒ，此时，定理 １不等式链（Ⅰ），又可写成为（Ⅱ）： 定理 ２在△ＡＢＣ中，有 ３（－Ｐ—２Ｑ＋Ｒ）≤－Ｐ＋Ｒ ≤（－ Ｐ＋ ６ Ｑ＋ Ｒ） ≤３Ｑ＜Ｐ＋６Ｑ—Ｒ，（Ⅱ） 显然，（Ⅱ）包含的 １０个不等式均可化为 Ｐ＋３Ｑ …     

谈谈PASCAL中的FOR语句

ＰＡＳＣＡＬ是一种结构化程序设计语言，具有数据类型丰富、功能强、简洁易读等特点，尤其是它的严密性，使它常被用于系统程序设计。ＦＯＲ语句主要参与设计程序的循环结构，而循环结构是程序设计的三个主要结构之一，因此ＦＯＲ语句在程序设计中有着非常重要的作用。由于ＰＡＳＣＡＬ语言的规范性和严密性，使ＰＡＳＣＡＬ中的ＦＯＲ语句在使用过程中也具有了与在其它语言使用中所不同的独特性，正确把握不同点对学习程序设计很有帮助，现归纳总结如下。 １．每个被使用的变量都要事先说明类型。 ＰＡＳＣＡＬ规定，每一个程序中用到的变…     

经桡动脉途径行冠脉介入300例临床分析

目的:探讨经桡动脉途径进行冠脉介入的可行性和安全性.方法:采用回顾性调查的方法对本院2002.9～2005.3月300例经桡动脉途径完成冠脉介入临床资料进行统计分析.结果:行冠状动脉造影术182例,行冠脉介入治疗118例,桡动脉穿刺成功率为99.3%.结论:经桡动脉途径进行冠脉介入是可行的和安全的,并发症少,痛苦少.     

类风湿关节炎的自身抗体

类风湿性关节炎是以对称性关节炎为主要临床表现的自身免疫性疾病,应早期诊断早期治疗,而类风湿关节炎自身抗体的检测对其早期诊断有重要意义.本文是对类风湿关节炎诊断有意义的一些自身抗体作一综述.     

D.RA.MA: An Extended Conceptualization of Student Anxiety in Criminal Justice Research Methods Courses

The challenges of teaching research methods and statistics to students majoring in criminology and criminal justice are well known. The professor has to deal with an array of obstacles among students, including Disinterest, Relevance Argumentation (viewing statistical skills as detached from the “real world”) and Math Anxiety (D.RA.MA). This paper presents the development of an assessment scale to measure the levels of “D.RA.MA” experienced by students enrolled in research methods or statistics courses. The literature is vast on “math anxiety scales.” However, trepidation on the part of criminal justice students who are anticipating their research methods and statistics courses may extend beyond math anxiety. Therefore, the traditional math anxiety scale was extended to include attempts at measuring Disinterest and Relevance Argumentation. Readers are provided with the D.RA.MA scale instrument and data from an assessment of 80 students in criminal justice courses. Assessing this broader student apprehension may serve as an important first step in making the necessary efforts to reduce student apprehension towards these classes.     

Suicide:

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for training the residence hall RA as a suicide interventionist. It is important that the RA have the necessary information and skills to recognize, evaluate and refer students who are at risk for taking their own lives. In addition, this article discusses what the RA must known in order to assist the survivors of unsuccessful suicide attempts or those who are left after a completed suicide. As an itnerventionist, the RA is not a counselor or therapist but someone who is able to assist the suicidal student in securing professional assistance and being of support during the process of therapy.     

Effect of phonological and morphological awareness on reading comprehension in Hebrew-speaking adolescents with reading disabilities

This research explored phonological and morphological awareness among Hebrew-speaking adolescents with reading disabilities (RD) and its effect on reading comprehension beyond phonological and word-reading abilities. Participants included 39 seventh graders with RD and two matched control groups of normal readers: 40 seventh graders matched for chronological age (CA) and 38 third graders matched for reading age (RA). We assessed phonological awareness, word reading, morphological awareness, and reading comprehension. Findings indicated that the RD group performed similarly to the RA group on phonological awareness but lower on phonological decoding. On the decontextualized morphological task, RD functioned on par with RA, whereas in a contextualized task RD performed above RA but lower than CA. In reading comprehension, RD performed as well as RA. Finally, results indicated that for normal readers contextual morphological awareness uniquely contributed to reading comprehension beyond phonological and word-reading abilities, whereas no such unique contribution emerged for the RD group. The absence of an effect of morphological awareness in predicting reading comprehension was suggested to be related to a different recognition process employed by RD readers which hinder the ability of these readers to use morphosemantic structures. The lexical quality hypothesis was proposed as further support to the findings, suggesting that a low quality of lexical representation in RD students leads to ineffective reading skills and comprehension. Lexical representation is thus critical for both lexical as well as comprehension abilities.     

Exploring English and Spanish rhyme awareness and beginning sound segmentation skills in prekindergarten Spanish-speaking English Learners

Twenty-five 4- and 5-year-old Spanish-speaking English Learners (ELs) were tested in order to compare their English and Spanish performance in two phonological awareness skills: Rhyme awareness (RA) and beginning sound segmentation (BSS). The children had received formal instruction of phonological awareness, with an emphasis on RA and BSS for 1 year and in English only, using the Opening the World of Learning curriculum (Schickedanz & Dickinson, 2005). The results showed that the children scored higher on the English BSS than on the English RA tests (p < .001), even though RA is generally considered to be an earlier developing skill than BSS among English-monolingual children. No significant difference was found between the English BSS and Spanish BSS tests despite the fact that the children had received English-only instruction in these phonological awareness skills for 1 year. The results are discussed in terms of the possible impact of the similarities and differences between the Spanish and English linguistic structures on the learning and cross-linguistic transfer of phonological awareness skills in young Spanish-speaking ELs.     

Interactive radiological anatomy eLearning solution for first year medical students: Development,integration, and impact on learning

A technology enhanced learning and teaching (TELT) solution, radiological anatomy (RA) eLearning, composed of a range of identification‐based and guided learning activities related to normal and pathological X‐ray images, was devised for the Year 1 nervous and locomotor course at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton. Its effectiveness was evaluated using a questionnaire, pre‐ and post‐tests, focus groups, summative assessment, and tracking data. Since introduced in 2009, a total of 781 students have used RA eLearning, and among them 167 Year 1 students in 2011, of whom 116 participated in the evaluation study. Students enjoyed learning (77%) with RA eLearning, found it was easy to use (81%) and actively engaged them in their learning (75%), all of which were associated to the usability, learning design of the TELT solution and its integration in the curriculum; 80% of students reported RA eLearning helped their revision of anatomy and 69% stated that it facilitated their application of anatomy in a clinical context, both of which were associated with the benefits offered by the learning and activities design. At the end of course summative assessment, student knowledge of RA eLearning relevant topics (mean 80%; SD ±16) was significantly better as compared to topics not relevant to RA eLearning (mean 63%; SD ±15) (mean difference 18%; 95% CI 15% to 20%; P < 0.001). A well designed and integrated TELT solution can be an efficient method for facilitating the application, integration, and contextualization of anatomy and radiology to create a blended learning environment. Anat Sci Educ 7: 350–360. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Developmental Trajectories of Chinese Adolescents’ Relational Aggression: Associations With Changes in Social-Psychological Adjustment

This study investigated the development of relational aggression (RA) in a sample of Chinese youth (N = 2,274, 52% boys) from fourth (M_age = 10.27 years) to ninth grade. Using latent class growth analysis, four trajectories were identified for both peer- and teacher-rated RA: a no aggression trajectory, a low-increasing trajectory, a moderate-decreasing trajectory, and a chronically high trajectory. Chronically high RA showed a chronicity effect on adolescent peer acceptance, rejection, and rule-breaking behaviors. Adolescents showed worse adjustment as RA increased, but they did not necessarily evidence significant improvement in adjustment even if their RA decreased. Findings reveal the maladaptive nature of RA and highlight the importance of considering cultural context in understanding RA.     

葛根素抗炎作用研究进展

葛根素是从葛根（Radix Pueraria）的根部提取的一种异黄酮.它具有改善血管循环、抗氧化应激、治疗骨质疏松以及降血糖等作用.研究表明葛根素对免疫细胞、炎症因子、信号通路以及炎症疾病都有重要的影响.文章着重对葛根素在抑制炎症方面的作用作一简要概述.     

Reducing adolescents' involvement with relational aggression: Evaluating the effectiveness of the Creating A Safe School (CASS) intervention

This study examined the effectiveness of a comprehensive, school‐based intervention program, Creating A Safe School (CASS; The Ophelia Project) designed to reduce relational aggression (RA) and relational victimization (RV). Sixth‐grade students (N = 406) were surveyed before and after the intervention. Program effects were tested using a repeated‐measures design. Results revealed significant reductions in RA and RV among students who reported initially high levels of involvement. Findings also showed that decreasing approval of RA accounted for a significant amount of variance in changes in RA between pre‐ and posttest. These results provide initial evidence of the effectiveness of the CASS intervention model in reducing RA among early adolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.