伞形科柴胡属两新种的研究

 作者在调查研究云南省柴胡植物过程中，发现两个新种，定名为韭叶柴胡 Bupleurumkunmingense Y．Li et S．L．Pan 和多枝柴胡B．polyclonum Y．Li et S．L．Pan，  并进行了挥发油和皂甙成分的初步分析，发现两新种的挥发油紫外吸收光谱及薄层层析图与北柴胡B.chinense DC．的很相似; 且所含柴胡皂甙均高于北柴胡，故二者可以作为药用柴胡中的优质品而予以重视。     

柴胡的药理学分析以及临床应用

柴胡是常用中药之一,有南柴胡、北柴胡之分。本文总结了柴胡的成分、药理药性及临床应用情况等,并具体阐述引占床验案研究概况。     

正交试验L9(34)柴胡桂枝汤拆方对离体兔肠张力的影响

目的：通过研究《伤寒论》经方柴胡桂枝汤中小柴胡汤和桂枝汤不同组方对离体免肠张力的影响，初步探讨它们在解痉作用中的主次地位及最佳配伍。方法：利用正交设计研究柴胡桂枝汤中各组方解痉的强弱及其在全方中的贡献度。结果：通过直观分析和方差分析，提示小柴胡汤在柴胡桂枝汤中解痉作用非常明显（P〈0．01），两者之间未见相互作用．最佳配此为：A3B2。结论：柴胡桂枝汤起解痉作用的主要组方是小柴胡汤，桂枝汤欢之．最佳配比为A3B2．     

柴胡桂枝汤的研究进展

近年来，在临床应用方面柴胡桂枝汤被用于治疗感冒、呼吸道感染、消化道炎症、女性更年期综合征、慢性耳鸣、冠心病、癫痫、神经疼痛、肿瘤等疾病并取得良好疗效。药理研究有所突破，但对柴胡桂枝汤配伍规律研究尚未见报道。因此该问题还有待进一步研究。     

柴胡疏肝散对胃肠病加减临床运用概况

目的:了解柴胡疏肝散临床运用概况。方法:收集在脾胃病中柴胡疏肝散加减运用临床治疗。结果:脾胃病中运用柴胡疏肝散加减治疗的疗效显著。结论:柴胡疏肝散加减临床运用广泛,疗效显著,尤以肝郁气结为主要机理的疾病运用该方疗效最佳。     

柴胡疏肝汤加减治疗胃神经官能症

胃神经官能症是一种全身性疾病，乃是由于高级神经活动障碍而导致植物神经系统机能失调，临床主要表现为胃的分泌及运动机能紊乱，而出现呕吐或频繁暖气，患者多为中年妇性，运用柴胡疏肝汤加减治疗胃神经官能症56例均为1997年至1999年杭州市第一人民医院中医科门诊病例，治疗结果提法，只要谨守病机，在中医辨证论治的基础上灵活运用，即可取得满意的疗效。     

内蒙古赤峰柴胡栏子金矿矿化及蚀变特征研究

柴胡栏子金矿矿体赋存于石英脉——蚀变岩中并受构造控制,与金有关主要矿化蚀变为:黄铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化.围岩蚀变是热液成矿作用的重要组成部分,也是热液矿床的主要特征之一.研究金化学性质、金在地质体分布规概况及围岩蚀变能提供成矿时的物理化学条件,热液的性质和演化,以及成矿元素的迁移、富集和矿石沉淀的有关信息,丰富并发展成矿理论.     

柴胡疏肝汤治疗癫痫的研究进展

癫痫是最常见的神经系统疾病之一,癫痫的反复发作严重影响患者的身心健康.癫痫的发病机理尚不十分明了,已有的西药抗癫痫治疗仍不能取得令人满意的疗效.近年来,"从肝论治癫痫"的理论被广泛认可,柴胡疏肝汤治疗癫痫的相关研究也取得显著的成效,中医药在癫痫治疗中发挥着重要的作用,文章就柴胡疏肝汤对癫痫的实验及临床研究作一综述.     

柴胡疏肝散加减治疗胆汁反流性胃炎疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价柴胡疏肝散治疗胆汁反流性胃炎(BRG)的有效性与安全性。方法:检索四大数据库中发表柴胡疏肝散治疗BRG的临床随机对照试验并运用Revman 5.2软件进行Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2016年7月。结果:所纳入7个研究中合计有392例胆汁反流性胃炎受试者,治疗干预予柴胡疏肝散加减,对照干预予常规西药。两者总有效率的Meta分析结果为柴胡疏肝散治疗BRG的临床有效率优于常规西药,差异有统计学意义[OR=5.73,95%Cl为(3.68,8.92),P0.000001]。总有效率漏斗图中可见散点分布不对称,由此说明文章存在偏倚,通过方法学评价而知纳入的RCT均属于高偏倚风险级别。结论:柴胡疏肝散在治疗BRG总有效率高于常规西药,但所纳入的RCT均属于高偏倚风险级别,RCT质量评价低,目前还没有足够证据支持推荐柴胡疏肝散用于治疗BRG。     

松山区柴胡栏子金矿深部地球化学特征

柴胡栏子金矿受构造控制,构造运动有脉动性,金矿也往往具有多期多阶段叠加成晕的特点,在研究矿床(体)原生晕特征时,所留出的原生异常往往是多期多阶段叠加的结果。正确认识分析原生晕的叠加特点,对建立柴胡栏子金矿的叠加晕模式和确定盲矿预测标志具有重要意义。     

野生北柴胡根资源量与地上植株形态关系研究

以2007年北京东灵山300株野生北柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）植株形态因子和根资源量实测数据为基础,采用方差分析与模型模拟等方法对3种典型生境下北柴胡根资源量与地上植株形态因子之间关系进行了模拟研究。结果表明：①不同生境类型下,株高和叶片数平均值表现出相同的变化规律,即：林地>灌丛>草甸,而分枝数表现出相反的变化规律;②方差分析结果表明,不同生境类型下植株地上形态特征株高、叶片数和分枝数差异性显著;③所选3种模型对根资源量（Y）与株高（x₁）,叶片数（x₂）和分枝数（x₃）之间关系模拟效果排序为,广义可加模型（GAM）>广义线性模型（GLM）>多元线性模型（MLM）,最优模拟结果R²可达0.90以上,且分生境模拟结果优于混合模拟结果;④实测值对最优模型检验结果表明,以95％的可靠性估计,GAM模型对北柴胡根资源量的预估精度均在75％以上。     

国产苦荬菜类群的分类

 本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。     

中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(II)(续)

Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium and a great number of taxa or names has been reported,  of which many still need to be reviewed critically         This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium.  As many as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper.  The Cir- sium in China so far known comprises 49 species,  of which 9 are described as new,  1 is a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora.   These new species are: C. subulariforme Shih,  S. muliense Shih,  C. fanjingshanense Shih,  C. periacanthaceum Shih, C. racemiforme Ling et Shih,  C. vernonioides Shih,  C. chrysolepis Shih,  C. tenuifolium Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill.,  C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB.,  C. la- natum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr.       The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper,  of which 3 are new,  namely,  Sect.  Isolepis Shih,  Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih, and I is a new combination,  namely,  Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih.      In addition,  a new species of the genus Alfredia,  A. aspera Slih,  is described.     

中国葫芦科植物志资料——雪胆属

the present paper is a meterial of the genus Hemsleya Cogn. for flora of China-Cucurbitaceae.      The genus Hemsleya was established by C. A. Cogniaux in 1889.  By 1982 about 7 species had been discovered in China, and most of them are mainly distributed in S. W. China, particularly in Yunnan and Sichuan.  Their tubers have been used as a folk medicine for a long time.  However, we began to search for them, and meanwhile collect and cultivate them, only about ten years ago.  After a general survey and taxonomical study, 20 species of Hemsleya are recorded from Yunnan in the paper.  Among them 18 species and 3 varieties are new. All the types are kept in Herb. KUN.      According to the characters, of corolla and fruit also the seed condition, widely or narrowly winged, proposed are four sections, namely: Sect. I. Craciliflorae; Sect. II. Amabiles; Sect. III. Carnosiflorae and Sect. IV. Hemsleya, among which 3 are new.     

苍山蕨属的研究

eterachopsis was proposed by the senior author as an independent genus of the family Aspleniaceae in 1940 with 2 species.  Since then much study on its morpho- logy,  anatomy,  gametophyte and palynology has been carried out by Nayar,  Bir,  Chan- dra & Nayar and Chang et al.,  and they are of the opinion that the genus like Ceterach, is a comparatively primitive element in the family Aspleniaceae.  The queer zigzag pa- tern of cutting of lanceolate fronds appears extraordinary in the family Aspleniaceae, and also suggests its antiquity in evolution. So far only 3 species  (C.  dalhousiae,  C. paucivenosa and C. magnifica) are recognized,  the former from W. Himalayas,  also known from Africa,  while the latter two from W. S. China (Yunnan).  However,  in the past forty years the Chinese botanists have discovered 2 more species as new in N. W. Yunnan,  thus bringing the total known species of the genus up to 5.  The present paper is a brief summary on the genus Ceterachopsis,  which will be published in detail in the Flora Sinica vol. 4.       Pteridologists are also divided in their views regarding the generic status of Cete- rachopsis with 5 well-defined species in Yunnan and the East Himalayas.  We prefer to mintain it as a genus separate from Asplenium on account of its distinct morpholo- gical features.  It is to be hoped that more species may come to light in the mountainsin N. W. Yunnan through further exploration now under way.     

中国水筛属种子特征研究

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国水蒒属植物14个居群的种子特征进行     了研究。通过石蜡切片，在光学显微镜下观察了种子的内部结构。     本文的研究结果，认为种间居群的差异比较显著，种内的居群特征比较类似，将我国水蒒     属植物14个居群定为4种，即有尾水蒒Blyxa echinosperma (C. B. Clarke) Hook. f.,无尾水蒒B. aubertii Rich.,光滑水蒒B. leiosperma Koidz.,水蒒B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim-。     

中国水玉簪属Burmannia L.区系特征的初步研究

The genus Burmannaia is one of the largest genera in the Burmanniaceae, of which 12 species have been recorded in China.  It is mainly a tropical genus.  The species in China are all confined to the region south of Yangtze River. They are distributed chiefly in the provinces Guangdong (9 species) and Yunnan (6 species). After having studied the areas of all the species in China, we are able to classify them into follow- ing 4 area-types:      1.  Area-type of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia. The two non-saprophytic species (Burmannia disticha, B. caelestis) and one saprophytic (B. championii) belong to this area-type.  It is an ancient type.  The plants of this type mostly have a wide ecological amplitude, for example, B. disticha may be found in tropical and subtropical regions.  The plants occur not only in evergreen forests, in bushs, but also in rather arid herbosa and on the side of streams (Fig. 2).     2. Area-type of Tropical SE Asia.  In the type are 3 saprophytic species i.e. B. oblonga, B. wallichii and B. nepalensis.      3. Area-type of E. Asia.  (Fig. 3) Burmannia in China with E. Asian distribu- tion is poor in species.  There are only 2 saprophytic species. B. cryptopetala is distri-buted in Haina (China), Kyushu and Honshu (Japan); B. itoana occurs in Taiwan (China), Riukiu and Kyushu (Japan).  They are known only on the islands of E. Asia. Such a pattern of distribution may suggest connection of these islands once in the prehistoric time in spite of their present isolation.      4.  Endemic area-type. (Fig. 4).  Here are 3 saprophytic species and one variety with green leaves.  B. nana occurs only in E. Taiwan.  One of the two new species described by present author in this paper, B. fadouensis, is known from Xichou Xiao, S. E. Yunnan, to Longzhou Xian of the province Gaunxi; the other one, B. pingbien- ensis occurs only in Pinbien Xian of S. E. Yunnan. The last species is endemic to China. B. pusilla var. hongkongensis is non-saprophytic and known from the province Guang- dong and its bordering islands.  Both B. fadouensis and B. pingbienensis are characte- rized by the axillary bulbils, which enable them to adapt to rather arid and cold condi-tions in northern part of the tropical region.     

伞形科植物染色体数目报告

本文报道了伞形科15属24种和交种的染色体数，其中18个种和变种是首次报道。研     究表明， 我国天胡荽属 (Hydrocotyle L．)是伞形科多倍体比较普遍的类群。柴胡属(Bupleu-     rum L.)分别有4、6、7、8等基数，茴芹属(Pimpinella L.)的毛果组(Sect. Tragium)和光     果组(Sect．Tragoselinum)的代表种类的基数分别为9和10，因此，染色体基数可作为深入     研究某些属内种类演化的细胞学资料之一。思茅独活(Heracleum henryi Wolff)的花粉母细    胞在终变期时出现了4体环，说明结构杂合体可能是伞形科种类分化的一个因素。     

菊科福王草属的分类界限及中国菊科植物一新属——紫菊属

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro- pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A. Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear.  The present paper makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by the above-mentionded botanists.      With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo- rests and few ribs of achenes.  Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini, should be restored.  It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al. 1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus Preanathes L.       The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus  Prenanthes L.  in China, 4 of which are described as new.  In the genus Nabalus Cass.  only one species, N. ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.       As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C. Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu- dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co- rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous, subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes. Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae.  Evidently, they fall into a new genus with the name Notoseris Shih.       The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re- miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.       All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.