网络环境下影响探究式学习的几个因素

网络为探究式学习提供了良好的环境,使探究式学习更加富有成效。但是,学生在网络环境下的学习动机、学习态度,以及网络学习对象、学习资源、学习环境等因素对网络环境下的探究式学习产生了很大的影响。只有了解并把握这些因素,才有利于更好地开展探究式学习,从而获得良好的学习效果。     

试论网络环境下大学英语"研究性学习"

研究性学习已经成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要途径和栽体。根据研究性学习的涵义和特点、网络环境下研究性学习实施方略，在大学英语教学中开展研究性学习的实践，证明研究性学习不仅能提高学生英语语言应用能力，还能培养学生的科学研究能力、自主学习能力和团队合作精神，同时指出基于研究性学习的大学英语评价体系有待进一步完善。     

Resources for Science Learning: Tools,Tasks, and Environment

This article addresses the question of how science learning can be improved. It recognizes that, while learners themselves are responsible for their own learning, the quality of this learning is greatly influenced when appropriate resources are available to learners. These resources are provided through a partnership between teachers and learners. Three different types of resource are discussed. Tools, in the form of computer tools and conceptual tools, make tasks easier and allow learners to undertake tasks they would not otherwise be able to do. Tasks can facilitate effective learning by creating effective spaces for learners to work in, embodying key aspects of the disciplines of science, providing effective and authentic opportunities for learners to learn, and facilitating a dialogue between learners ideas and their experiences of the natural world. Environment – the ecology in which learning happens – provides three sources of information through the human, social, and conceptual worlds. When key aspects of these worlds are manifested in the environment, they scaffold the learning of science content, the nature of science, and the learning process itself, all of which are required for the deep understanding of science that constitutes improved science learning.     

Assessment of the Learning Environment of Inquiry-Type Laboratories in High School Chemistry

An inquiry-type laboratory has been implemented into the chemistry curriculum in high schools in Israel. In this study, we investigated the idea that generally the science laboratory provides a unique learning environment that differs from the learning environment that exists in classrooms in which other instructional techniques are used. Moreover, the inquiry laboratory provides students with a learning situation in which they are involved in activities that might influence some of the variables that are influencing the learning environment of such laboratories. In this study, the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) was used to assess the students' perceptions of their chemistry laboratory learning environment. Statistical comparison of two groups (control and inquiry) revealed significant differences between the groups regarding their actual perceptions. Moreover, it was found that the differences between the actual and preferred laboratory learning environment were significantly smaller for the inquiry group than for the control group. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

学习性评价在小学科学探究式教学中的运用

探究既是科学学习的目标,又是科学学习的方式。它不仅关注学生的动手能力,更关注学生的思维发展。教师应在课堂上通过各种方式促进学生思维的发展,如在观察的基础上了解学生,从而对他们提出质疑,为他们设置挑战,对他们的科学记录内容予以反馈等,所有这些都具有学习性评价的特征。在小学科学课上,如何运用学习性评价来促进学生的探究活动及他们的思维发展是一个非常值得探讨的问题。     

支持科学课程探究学习的实验模拟的交互因素分析

科学课程教学中利用软件模拟实验是探究学习途径的有益补充和扩展。文章针对当前实验模拟在交互方面存在的问题,结合课程标准的科学探究要求,分析实验模拟的交互因素,包括学生操作行为、学习支持和系统的反馈,并结合实例提出设计的考虑。     

模拟软件促进科学课程探究学习的作用分析

科学探究学习是创新教育的重要途径和科学学习的主要途径。模拟软件在创设自主探究学习环境和有效引导探究活动两个方面促进科学探究学习,涉及探究对象动态视觉化表征的作用、类型和方式;可操纵情境和关联的表征物在科学探究中的作用;模拟环境中科学探究活动的程序,探究活动中的指导。     

Evaluating an Integrated Science Learning Environment Using the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey

This article reports the validity and use of a new form of the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). As part of a larger study, a comparative student version (CLES-CS) was developed to evaluate the impact of an innovative teacher development program (based on the Integrated Science Learning Environment, ISLE, model) in school classrooms. Two separate response blocks for 30 items comprising five scales are presented in side-by-side columns to measure students’ perceptions on a five-point frequency response scale of the extent to which certain psychosocial factors are prevalent in the science class taught by a teacher who had attended the ISLE program (THIS), as well as their perceptions of other science and non-science classes taught by other teachers in the same school (OTHER). The five scales of the CLES are called Personal Relevance, Uncertainty of Science, Shared Control, Critical Voice, and Student Negotiation. Using data collected from 1079 students in 59 classes in north Texas, principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization confirmed the a priori structure of the CLES-CS. The factor structure, internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, and the ability to distinguish between different classes and groups were supported for the CLES-CS. Students whose science teachers had attended the ISLE program (THIS) perceived higher levels of Personal Relevance and Uncertainty of Science in their classrooms relative to the classrooms of other science and non-science teachers in the same schools (OTHER). Similar results were found when comparing the classroom environment perceptions of students whose science teachers had attended the ISLE program with the perceptions of students whose science teacher had attended alternative field trip programs (non-ISLE).     

研究性学习教学模式在体育教学中的运用

主要采用文献资料法与逻辑分析法对体育教学中研究性学习进行综合性研究,探讨了在体育教学中进行研究性学习的理论基础、研究性学习教学模式在体育教学中的构建及支持系统。     

数学研究性学习问题探讨

准确理解数学研究性学习的内涵 ,是数学研究性学习能否得到真正实施的关键。改变数学教学方式是改变学生学习方式的基础。数学教师应重新调整自己的角色意识 ,在平时的数学教学活动中培养学生的自主性     

初中物理实验探究过程中研究方法的渗透

目前科学探究已经成为一种常用的教学方式,在探究过程中常常要结合适当的研究方法,特别是"设计实验与制定计划"、"进行实验与收集证据"、"分析与论证"和"评估"四个要素。文章将结合实例阐述如何在初中物理实验探究过程中进行研究方法的渗透。     

The Development of an Instrument for a Technology-integrated Science Learning Environment

This study developed, validated, and utilized the Technology Integrated Classroom Inventory (TICI) to examine technology-integrated science learning environments as perceived by secondary school students and teachers. Using technology-oriented classroom climate instruments and considering the science classroom’s characteristics, TICI was developed. More than 1,100 seventh through ninth grade science students validated the instrument, revealing eight scales: technological enrichment, inquiry learning, equity and friendliness, student cohesiveness, understanding and encouragement, competition and efficacy, audiovisual environment, and order, with alpha reliabilities ranging between 0.69 and 0.91 (0.93 for the entire questionnaire). In measuring actual and preferred learning environments, TICI results indicated that both students and teachers ranked equity and friendliness highest. The largest actual–preferred discrepancy was order (students) and inquiry learning (teachers). TICI offers additional utilities for technology-enriched science leaning environments.     

Constructing an Inquiry Orientation from a Learning Theory Perspective: Democratizing Access through Task Design

Abstract

It is widely accepted in the mathematics education community that pedagogies oriented toward inquiry are aligned with a constructivist theory of learning, and that these pedagogies effectively support students’ learning of mathematics. In order to promote such an orientation, we first separate the idea of inquiry from its conception as a collection of methods. Then, by grounding those methods in a generally accepted theory of learning, we construct an inquiry-oriented pedagogy from a constructivist perspective. We then discuss the implications of this pedagogy for the design of mathematical tasks that democratize student access to inquiry. This work has implications for educators who wish to enact an inquiry-oriented pedagogy in their classroom in order to support their students’ problem solving and problem posing.     

努力营造社会科学创新的体制环境

社会转型对社会科学的研究提出了许多新的课题，因而为社会科学的发展提供了良好的契机。但是，社会科学的繁荣和发展还需用特定的体制环境。本文分析了社会科学发展的特殊规律，认为遵循这些特殊规律，营造一种能够促进社会科学繁荣和发展的体制环境十分重要。这种体制环境主要的内容是：宽松自由的学术环境、科学合理的评价体系以及成果导向的管理体制。     

Designing Blended Inquiry Learning in a Laboratory Context: A Study of Incorporating Hands-On and Virtual Laboratories

This article reports on the development of a methodology that integrates virtual and hands-on inquiry in a freshman introductory biology course. Using a two time × two order-condition design, an effective combination (blend) of the two environments was evaluated with 39 freshman biology participants. The quantitative results documented no significant effect of presentation order but demonstrated a significant effect of the combined learning experience. The qualitative results showed a strong preference by students for the virtual work preceding the hands-on laboratory. The study provides practitioners an effective alternative to traditional instructional practices by combining virtual and hands-on inquiry learning.

Collaborating in the Evolution of a Middle School Science Learning Environment

This study describes a collaborative study involving a teacher and university researcher using learning environment research to transform a middle school science learning environment. Habermas' idea of knowledge constitutive interests (technical, practical, and emancipatory) is used as a perspective to make sense of the learning environment. Student perceptions of science and the nature of science were explored. Classroom observations and student interviews were the primary data sources. Students perceived science as primarily a set of facts to be learned and did not view it as an inquiry method or a social process. Despite the characterization of the course by the teacher and students as hands-on and experimental, technical interests were prevalent. Through negotiation, a plan of action was outlined for recreating the learning environment to make it more practical and emancipatory, as well as more consistent with contemporary perspectives on the nature of science.     

现代远程教育建构性学习环境探析

现代远程教育建构性学习环境,是指在先进的计算机多媒体技术和网络技术支持下的、以建构主义理论为基础的远程教育学习环境。它的特征是以学生为中心,具有真实的学习情境和背景,可以进行广泛的协作与会话。创设建构性学习环境对学习者、教师、学习资源和技术资源等提出了全新的要求。     

Conceptualisation,Development and Validation of an Instrument for Investigating the Metacognitive Orientation of Science Classroom Learning Environments: The Metacognitive Orientation Learning Environment Scale – Science (MOLES-S)

Metacognition refers to an individual's knowledge, control and awareness of his/her learning processes. An important goal of education is to develop students as metacognitive, life-long learners. However, developing students' metacognition and evaluating whether classrooms are oriented to the development of students' metacognition are difficult and often time-consuming tasks. Further, no instruments that measure key dimensions related to classroom factors that specifically influence the development of students' metacognition have been available. This article describes the conceptualisation, design, and validation of an instrument for evaluating the metacognitive orientation of science classroom learning environments. The metacognitive orientation of a learning environment is the extent to which that environment supports the development and enhancement of students' metacognition. Social constructivism was the guiding referent informing the instrument's orientation and development. This instrument measures students' perceptions of the extent to which certain psychosocial dimensions, evident in learning environments where interventions have resulted in enhanced student metacognition, are evident in their science classrooms. Findings from the use of this instrument complement what is already known from research studies to be generally the case in relation to science classrooms' metacognitive orientation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

研究性学习在人格心理学课程教学中的应用

研究性学习在于鼓励学生自主的参与课堂教学活动。以人格心理学课程为例,结合教学内容运用研究性学习方式,开展多途径的教学改革,旨在改变学生传统学习方式,提高教学质量。