基于PF-LBM背景速度场对单晶核凝固生长的影响（英文）

在自然环境和工业系统中为了促进/抑制冰的形成,采用相场-粒子玻尔兹曼方法模拟了冰单晶核的生长演化过程,并分析背景流场条件对单晶核晶枝生长的影响.结果表明：背景流场使枝晶生长呈现不对称形状,即迎流侧的单晶核晶枝远比背流侧晶枝发达;迎流侧晶枝顶端生长速率远大于背流侧的枝晶生长速率,上游侧的晶枝尖端半径大于背流侧的晶枝尖端半径;在有背景流场条件下,单晶核的固相比大于无背景流场.背景流场的流速越高,迎流侧枝晶越发达,枝晶生长速度越快,枝晶尖端生长速度也越快.背流侧的流场流速较低,过冷度低于迎流侧,抑制了凝固过程,生长速度较慢,枝晶生长受到抑制.     

流水与静水

船速一定的轮船往返于上、下游两个码头之间一趟,和在静水中往返同样距离所花的时间一样吗?假如问起这个问题,也许有人会这样回答,这两次往返所费的时间是一样的。因为在河水中,轮船去时遇到逆流,速度虽然减小了,但回来时就是顺流,速度增加,轮船去时多用的时间,被回来时少花的时间一抵消,岂不是跟在静水中往返一次花费一样的时间吗?”其实,这种说法是似是而非的。     

有阻流件的二维封闭方腔自然对流数值研究

利用自然对流物理模型,采用SIMPLE算法,对流扩散项采用二阶迎风格式.计算研究了有水平等温阻流件的二维封闭方腔中空气的自然对流换热.得出了在一定的Ra下,具有不同长度的阻流件的平均Nu数.有水平阻流件的封闭方腔与无阻流件时相比,相同条件下自然对流的换热系数随阻流件长度的增加先略减少,然后增加.而且随着阻流件长度变化,在方腔内的环流由一个增加到两个和三个.同时阻流件布置在不同壁面上的布置方式对换热强度也有一定影响.     

二模磁场中随机晶场作用混合自旋横向Ising模型的临界行为

在有效场理论和切断近似的框架内,研究了二模磁场中随机晶场作用的混合自旋横向Ising模型的临界行为.在T-h相图中,晶场浓度对有序相的影响需要将二模磁场分段考虑;大的晶场和适当的晶场浓度有利于二级重入相变现象;但横场对三临界点的作用值得更多研究.在T-D相图中,负晶场比例较大降低有序相,正晶场比例较大增大有序相;强二模磁场和横场都抑制有序相,但强二模磁场有利于三临界点的出现,而横场抑制三临界点.在T-Ω相图中,晶场和晶场浓度对有序相范围有显著影响.     

填埋场非饱和成层覆盖层一维气水耦合运移模型（英文）

目的:为更好地评价填埋场覆盖层系统的闭气性能,建立水气耦合条件下的覆盖层中气体运移模型。在此基础上分析大气压强波动、渗透系数变化和对流扩散等因素耦合作用下填埋气在覆盖层中的运移规律。创新点:建立水气耦合条件下填埋气在覆盖层中的运移模型,分析多种因素耦合作用下填埋气的运移过程,并比较对流运移和扩散运移的相对重要性。方法:1.通过理论分析,建立考虑压强、对流、扩散和非饱和情况的填埋气耦合运移模型;2.通过试验拟合,得到大气压强波动的拟合经验公式(公式(22)),构建考虑压强波动下填埋气多场耦合运移模型;3.通过仿真模拟,验证所建模型的可行性和正确性(图2),并分析包含大气压强波动和渗透率等影响因素作用下填埋气的运移规律(图6~8)。结论:1.覆盖层厚度从1米变化到2米,覆盖层中填埋气的浓度变化可达31%;2.对于受大气压强波动影响较大的覆盖层系统(如1×103 Pa),不能忽略压强波动对填埋气运移的影响;3.气体渗透系数在初期对气体运移有较大影响,随运移时间增加直至气体运移达到稳定状态,渗透率的影响可以忽略(仅3%)。     

先进制造封装中Sb掺杂64Sn-35Bi-1Ag钎焊腐蚀和电化学迁移

采用动电位扫描结合SEM和XRD等技术研究先进电子制造封装过程中Sb掺杂对64Sn-35Bi-1Ag钎焊料在3%（wt.）NaCl溶液中腐蚀和电化学迁移行为影响。结果显示：Sb掺杂前后腐蚀电流密度（Icorr）随着Sb含量增加而有较显著的变化。其中当Sb含量小于1%时,随着Sb含量增加,其腐蚀电流密度（Icorr）减小。当Sb含量大于1%时,其腐蚀电流密度（Icorr）随着Sb含量的增大而增大;不论掺杂多少量,Sb掺杂后,钎料的腐蚀速率显著的增大,说明Sb掺杂后64Sn-35Bi-1Ag更易被腐蚀。电化学迁移结果显示,Sb掺杂前后,枝晶生长的速率显著不同,且枝晶成份有较大差异,掺杂后大于掺杂前,说明Sb掺杂不利于先进电子制造和封装技术。     

快淬速度对Nd8 Fe86 B6合金显微组织的影响

研究了Nd8Fe86B6合金在不同快淬速度下显微组织的变化.当快淬速度为12m/s时,快淬带的组织为纳米晶的Nd2Fe14B相和α-Fe相;当快淬速度增加到15m/s时,快淬带的组织为少量的α-Fe相和大量的非晶相;当快淬速度增加到18m/s时,快淬带的组织为完全非晶相.     

强震触发黄土滑坡发生机制试验

为了进一步研究不同地震破坏程度后黄土的变形特性及稳态强度,通过MTS土动三轴仪进行了不同围压(100、150、200 k Pa)、不同动应变(0,1%、2%、3%)条件下的饱和黄土静力剪切试验。结果表明:在相同试样条件下,应力路径对稳态强度影响极小,不同震动破坏程度的试样在试验结束后的残余强度几乎相等;黄土液化后的稳态强度随着初始孔隙比的减小而增加;饱和度主要对黄土的黏聚力产生影响;初始有效固结压力与稳态强度有良好的拟合关系。比较震后斜坡重力驱动剪应力与稳态强度的关系,可判断斜坡会否发生破坏。     

光折变效应跳跃模型下的空间电荷场

利用光折变理论的电荷跳跃模，推证了在稳态情况下，空间电荷场的强度公式，在满足线性产生和线性复合的条件下，得出与带输运模型相一的结果，同时说明了这两种理论的等同性和互补性。     

定向凝固高温DZ125合金在热处理过程中碳化物的演化

针对DZ125合金通过不同的热处理工艺,及组织形貌的观察,研究不同固溶温度对DZ125合金中碳化物演化规律的影响,结果表明,DZ125合金在不同状态及不同固溶温度下碳化物具有不同的形态.铸态DZ125时合金中为大块的MC碳化物,随着热处理的进行,固溶温度的提高,大块的MC碳化物逐渐分解为沿着晶界不连续析出的粒状M23C6型碳化物,可以抑制晶界滑移,提高合金的强度.经过标准热处理后合金枝晶间γ'相较为粗大,组织并不均匀.但经过高温固溶及时效处理后可消除合金在枝晶间区域存在中的粗大γ'相,使高体积分数细小立方γ'相均匀分布在枝晶间和枝晶干区域.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.