Self-selection and Its Impact on Team Diversity and Performance

ABSTRACT : Increased diversity in the workforce brings several benefits. However, organizations may also face challenges as they seek to embrace diversity within team-based work environments. In this paper, we attempt to gauge the magnitude of this challenge by examining the level of diversity that results when individuals self-select their own team members. We describe a quasi-experimental field study in which we examine the ways individuals select project team members and how the resulting group composition is connected to the success or failure of those teams. We find that teams are most likely to form through prior acquaintance and/or demographic similarities. Linking composition to group process and performance, we find that ethnic diversity decreased similarity of work values but did not affect group performance, which is primarily predicted by satisfaction and conflict. We discuss the results in terms of the challenges and opportunities organizations face with a diverse workforce and a team-based work environment.     

教学团队共享心智模式与关系绩效的关系研究

文章采用教学团队共享心智模式与关系绩效问卷,对广东省507名初中教师进行研究,结果发现:不同性别、年龄、学历、教龄、职称的教师在教学团队共享心智模式中存在显著差异;不同年龄、教龄的教师在关系绩效中存在显著差异;教学团队共享心智模式与关系绩效之间存在显著正相关;教学团队共享心智模式能有效预测关系绩效。     

绩效工资背景下教师薪酬满意度对学校绩效的影响

有效的教师激励机制是提升学校管理绩效的关键所在。调查发现:积极的薪酬管理过程满意度对教师薪酬结果满意度有正向影响,且对学校绩效也有积极影响。要提高学校绩效,需要制定基于"标准"的绩效评估体制,注重薪酬管理过程的改进,构建规则合理、公开透明的绩效工资发放体系,注重薪酬结果的合理应用,不断提高教师的自我成就感。     

Individual and Contextual Influences on Academic Dishonesty: A Multicampus Investigation

Students at nine medium to large state universities were surveyed in this comprehensive investigation of the influences of individual and contextual factors on self-reported academic dishonesty. Results suggested that cheating was influenced by a number of characteristics of individuals including age, gender, and grade-point average, as well as a number of contextual factors including the level of cheating among peers, peer disapproval of cheating, fraternity/sorority membership, and the perceived severity of penalties for cheating. Peer disapproval was the strongest influential factor.     

The Impact of Relational Characteristics and Reasons for Topic Avoidance on Relational Closeness

Although research suggests that the act of topic avoidance itself has consequences for romantic partners, it seems equally likely that the antecedent conditions underlying these decisions to avoid certain topics also lead to important relational outcomes. Framed by communication boundary management theory, relationship characteristics, motivation for topic avoidance, and implications for relational closeness were examined. Findings indicate that relational commitment characteristics and individuals' reported rationale for topic avoidance are related to perceptions of relational closeness. These results illustrate the importance of understanding the underlying factors that motivate the decision to engage in topic avoidance and their impact on romantic relationships.     

How Do Academic Departments Impact Student Satisfaction? Understanding the Contextual Effects of Departments

Using multilevel modeling to analyze survey data from more than 1,300 alumni from a large research university, this study examines the impact that academic departments have on student satisfaction and development. Controlling for individual characteristics, we found that characteristics of departments such as faculty contact with students, research emphasis, and proportion of female undergraduates had a significant impact on satisfaction with education in the major and the perceived impact that college had on skill development.     

Diversity,Performance, and Satisfaction in Student Group Projects: An Empirical Study

This paper focuses on the effect that diversity has on the performance and satisfaction of student groups in a computer simulation project. Using structural equation modeling, we find evidence to support the contention of previous research that diversity negatively affects group satisfaction. This finding was strongest for undergraduate groups. While the relationship between diversity and performance is inconclusive, groups that are dominated by one person tend to have below average performance.     

Exploring Pandora's Box; The Impact of Diversity and Conflict on Work Group Performance

ABSTRACT : This paper describes a model that explores the critical roles of three group composition factors (social category diversity, value diversity, and informational diversity) and two moderating variables (task type and task interdependence) on work group performance and morale. The three types of diversity are proposed to exhibit both main effects and interaction effects (interacting both with each other and with task type and task interdependence) on work group performance and morale. Relationship and task conflict are proposed to mediate many of these effects. Empirical evidence for these relationships and their implications for those wishing to manage a diverse workforce are discussed.     

Performance Appraisal System Impact on University Academic Staff Job Satisfaction and Productivity

The University of Zimbabwe (UZ) introduced a performance appraisal system (PAS) designed to improve performance indicators across the board in Public Service including academic/faculty staff at the University of Zimbabwe as part of a nation wide strategy. The Public service is a body responsible for all civil workers including academic staff, whose responsibility is to lecture to students, provide university to the community and conduct research activities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of five years of PAS on productivity and job satisfaction of academic staff. A random sample of academic staff was studied using questionnaires and interviews. Job satisfaction and some indices of productivity decreased by half following introduction of PAS. A possible contributory factor for the decline in job satisfaction was that PAS was introduced without adequate preparation and when the socio‐cultural environment was not conducive to its implementation. This study underpins the importance of community ownership of interventions targeted at performance management improvement prior to their implementation.     

Contextual Impact on Educational Management and Leadership

From the early 1950s until the late 1970s China adopted a closed-door policy. It went its own way in its socio-economic and political development until the early 1980s when China opened up to the world again. After this, more researchers from outside visited schools in China and began to realize how the highly centralized school system was different from the West. What was perhaps surprising was that the Chinese had developed a number of features similar to current theorizing on sustainable systems promoted recently in western cultures. This essay studies some of those features and explores their possible causes and influence. Two case studies are included to illustrate how decision-making was affected.     

Balancing Head and Heart: The Importance of Relational Accountability in Community-University Partnerships

In this article we introduce a “head and heart” approach to community-engaged scholarship. Through the literatures of Aboriginal scholarship and engaged scholarship we reflect on a community-university research and program development project undertaken in response to health and education concerns of Aboriginal people in Canada. We suggest that the head and heart approach was crucial to the program’s success and provides access to an ethical space where multiple worldviews are recognized and where the importance of relational accountability becomes evident. We then examine the implications of this approach for engaged scholarship and higher education practices.     

基于个性化学习的学习指导的作用

人类社会正进入信息化社会，当代青少年的信息、文化素质有待提高，这赋予教育以新的挑战．网络教育将成为一种新型的教学方式．而基于网络下的个性化学习更加受到教育者的重视，然而个性化学习虽然重要，学习指导也必不可少，完善个性化学习的一个重要前提是教师的指导．要让学生学会学习，首先要让教师认识到科学地进行学习指导的重要性．     

Academic Dishonesty in the Middle East: Individual and Contextual Factors

Little work has been done on academic dishonesty in the Middle East. This research investigates the nature of the relationship between contextual factors and academic dishonesty using a sample from three private universities in Lebanon, and compares the results to a sample from seven large universities in the US. Using the basic model of McCabe et al. (Research in Higher Education 43(3):357–378, 2002), we found additional evidence for the strong role perception of peers’ behavior plays in understanding student decisions concerning academic integrity. Cross cultural comparisons of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding academic dishonesty were pivotal in this research. Our results support the view that Lebanese university students are strongly influenced by the norms of the collectivist society in which they are raised as compared to the more individualistic society found in the United States.     

The Impact of Doctoral Study on Marital Satisfaction

The purpose of the study was to determine whether marital relationships of doctoral students were affected while they were enrolled in graduate programs. The stratified sample consisted of 54 participants who completed the Demographics and Structured Questionnaire, Locke‐Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, and Index of Marital Satisfaction. There were no significant differences among the marital satisfaction levels of graduate students at different stages in their program. Significant differences were found in relationship to several of the research questions, however. Specifically, a significant difference was found in the marital satisfaction of couples involved in marital therapy. Spouses who also were students scored significantly higher in marital satisfaction than spouses who were not students. Areas of discord that affected marital satisfaction during graduate school were philosophy of life, demonstration of affection, and sexual relations.     

自恋人格对关联绩效的作用机制:一个多元多重中介模型

基于自恋人格两类型假说,本研究试图揭示不同自恋人格类型与关联绩效的不同关系。采用量表法搜集两时间段数据,获得364名企业员工的有效数据,并运用结构方程模型建构了一个自恋人格影响关联绩效的多元多重中介模型。模型检验结果显示:企业员工的显性自恋人格正向影响关联绩效;隐性自恋人格负向影响关联绩效。工作满意度和组织承诺在显性自恋与关联绩效之间起部分复合式多重中介作用;工作满意度和组织承诺在隐性自恋与关联绩效之间起完全复合式多重中介作用。     

论重量弹奏在钢琴演奏中的重要性

钢琴音乐形象的塑造 ,是通过丰富多变的音色和适当的节奏来完成的。合理运用重量弹奏 ,是钢琴表现音色的关键。各种风格的音乐作品 ,都应通过运用自如的重量弹奏给予准确的艺术表现。     

论团队合作对数学科学发展的重要性

数学史上毕达哥拉斯、诺特、布尔巴基三个学派对数学科学发展作出了重大贡献，说明团队合作对数学发展的重要性，希望对更有效地组织、开展数学研究工辑有一定的启发作用。     

教学管理的出发点:个体差异与能力倾向多样化

学校教育要实现每个人的发展都达到最大效果的目标,就必须重视学生的个体差异、尊重个性的多样性以及鼓励个人能力倾向的多样化,并通过弹性化的教学管理和分层教学来实现因材施教的目标。