两种早期读写课程标准比较及其启示

有效的早期读写课程标准或早期读写能力发展评价标准有助于教师了解幼儿读写的真正水平,对教师开展教学活动具有指导作用.美国堪萨斯州的"幼儿读写课程标准"和我国台湾地区的"学前儿童读写能力发展评价标准"在评价基础、角度、方法、作用等方面有一定差异,但都对我们当前开展早期读写教育具有借鉴意义.     

论早期读写的习得性

本文围绕“幼儿是如何学习读写的”这一问题,探讨了幼儿早期读写学习的特征。幼儿的读写具有“早期性”和“奠基性”,早期读写学习主要是以习得的方式进行的。早期读写的习得性主要表现在学习情境的真实性和学习目的的间接性,学习过程的互动性和创造性以及学习结果的经验性等方面。了解早期读写习得性的意义在于,幼儿园早期读写教育应当以创设真实的有意义的读写情境为原则,以整合读写教育和其他领域的教育、整合日常读写活动和专门读写活动、整合口语学习和书面语学习为基本教育策略。     

早期阅读活动中师幼交往策略研究

通过对11次早期阅读活动中师幼交往策略使用之间的相关性分析,研究者发现,教师和幼儿扩展式交往策略的使用率偏低,幼儿的部分扩展式交往策略的使用之间可以相互促进,教师的部分扩展式交往策略的使用对幼儿扩展式交往策略的使用能够产生积极影响.     

上海市家长培养幼儿读写能力的意识调查

对上海市8566名家长进行关于幼儿读写能力培养意识方面的调查发现,上海市大部分家长对孩子在幼儿阶段培养读写能力比较重视,并认识到了家庭及其自身对于幼儿读写能力的发展具有重要的影响作用.为幼儿准备合适的读物能够激发幼儿对于文字的兴趣,提高幼儿对于语言的敏感性.     

Building Bridges in Early Literacy

This paper reports on a case study of two teachers teaching reading in the child's first year of school. The researcher analysed the largely spontaneous, literacy related responses made by teachers to children and the comments these teachers made about their thoughts and actions in interviews after the teaching sessions. Very little direct teaching was observed and teachers seemed to be reacting more often than working in a proactive way. This has been termed ‘crisis management’ by some, but it is argued here that this ‘reaction’ was, in reality, purposeful interaction.

These teachers worked at building bridges between children's experience and their literacy learning. Analysis of the interactions suggested ways in which teachers may adopt procedures that go some way towards compensating for the differences between home and school learning. The writer argues that demands for an organisational structure that reduces individualisation could be counter‐productive for the youngest children in school.     

The Web and Early Literacy

Abstract

The Web as an appropriate vehicle for educating young children in formal and informal school settings is the subject of widespread, international debate (Anderson, 2000; Attewell, Suazo-Gar-cia, & Battle, 2003; Davis & Shade, 1994; Dolowy, 2000; Filipenko & Rolfsen, 1999; Pendleton, 2001; Vail, 2001; Wardle, 1999). Regardless of these debates, however, the Web's use in early education continues to grow. This article describes current Web usage in early education, particularly literacy education, and suggests possibilities for the future.     

Early Literacy From a Longitudinal Perspective

The goal of this longitudinal study was to examine which skills in early literacy determine the development of word recognition, reading comprehension, and spelling in the 2nd grade of the elementary school. A cohort of pupils was followed and tested during the 2nd year of kindergarten and the beginning of the 1st and 2nd grade. It appeared that mainly 2 skills determined the development of word recognition: rapid naming of letters and knowledge of letters. Reading comprehension was predicted to a large extent by vocabulary, rapid naming of letters, letter knowledge, and phonemic awareness. The skills that determined the development of spelling were rapid naming of numbers and letter knowledge.     

幼儿早期识字教育研究

对于是否应该对幼儿进行识字教育,从20世纪初开始就是教育界争论的热点话题,至今没有人能给出一个明确的定论。笔者认为,婴幼儿时期是识字的关键期,幼儿大脑皮层已经具有了分析、综合能力以及幼儿识字所需具备的认知结构基础,在幼儿期可以开展识字教育。早期识字是早期阅读的重要内容,而识字教育本身就是一项全面而优越的智力活动,早期识字教育的实施可以促进幼儿智力的发展和大脑发育,激发幼儿学习汉字的兴趣,为幼儿的全面发展甚至幼儿的一生奠定良好基础。在实施过程中,教育者应该以幼儿的识字特点与认知规律为基础,采用游戏法、情景法,并在主题活动和创意阅读中进行渗透,对幼儿进行识字教育,促进幼儿的发展与提高。