汉语道歉语的性别差异研究

语言中的性别差异是一种普遍存在的现象。本文对男女大学生道歉策略的选择进行了定量分析,研究表明：女性比男性更容易向别人道歉;女性更易于选择“直接表达道歉”的道歉策略,使用正式、得体的道歉语：女性更倾向于使用多种道歉策略,通常使用一个基本道歉策略和多个其他道歉策略;而男性则更倾向于使用简单的道歉策略,通常使用一个道歉策略。     

语用视角下的称呼语研究

称呼语作为一种社会指示语,体现了交际双方身份、地位及相对应的社会关系。称呼语在实际交际过程中往往具有语力,能实现诸如问候、警告、威胁、指责、规劝等多种言外行为。通过称呼语的礼貌使用,能减小交际中对面子的威胁,既能维护对方的积极面子,又能保住对方的消极面子。称呼语在会话轮换中不仅能构成＂召唤—回答＂系列的相邻对,还可以用来选定下一个说话人,或被参与者用来争取和保持话轮。     

批评言语行为研究综述

批评言语行为会威胁对方面子,使用礼貌策略可以对面子进行补救。文章回顾了国内外学者对批评言语行为及回应语的研究,包括批评语策略、影响因素及回应语策略,希望能帮助交际者更好地理解并实施这一言语行为。     

公诉人与证人法庭问答中的预设研究

在庭审问答中,公诉人通常使用预设策略询问证人,以获得对控方有利的推理。公诉人在使用一般疑问句、附加疑问句、信息疑问句和陈述疑问句时带有一定的预设,而预设是否成立取决于证人对含预设问话的回答。是否对公诉人问话中的预设进行确认,取决于公诉人问话的目的与证人的立场是否一致。当双方目的一致时,证人倾向于采取合作态度,承认问话中的预设;当双方目的冲突时,证人倾向于采取不合作态度,否认问话中的预设;当证人对公诉人的问话目的未知时,合作与否是未知的;当证人认为公诉人的问话目的为中性时,合作与否是个变量。     

《绝望的主妇》中话轮转换标记语的性别差异研究

以《绝望的主妇》第八季台词为语料,随机转写40则异性对话,以话轮转换理论为基础,以量化的方式,对比分析男性和女性的话轮转换标记语在使用频度和话轮转换过程中的使用异同,揭示英语中话轮转换标记语的性别差异。研究发现：在异性会话中,男性最常用的五个话轮转换标记语为but,uh,yeah,and和well;女性最常用的是oh,well,but,and和yeah。话轮放弃时,男性使用的话轮转换标记语的种类比女性更多样;话轮维持时,女性使用的话轮转换标记语比男性更丰富。在多功能标记语的选择上,存在明显的性别差异。     

浅谈英语委婉语与礼貌原则

委婉语是指用轻松、欢快的词语表达令人不快、伤心、难以启齿或不吉利的事情。礼貌原则是人们日常交际活动中普遍遵循的一项重要原则。生活中,人们都倾向于听好听的字眼,会话者为了满足人们这种心理需要,在交际中往往不惜掩饰真相而违反会话合作原则,遵循礼貌原则,使用好听的字眼使对方受益,从而达到自己的交际目的。     

英汉礼貌原则对比试析

人际交往始于有礼。礼貌原则是人类社会共同孕育的明。不同的化有着不同的社交礼貌规范。汉化的礼貌原则受几千年来孔子思想的影响,比英化的礼貌原则更是具谦恭特色——“贵人而贱己。”交际中汉化中人为赢得与自己的社会身份地位相匹配的社会价值,更多地考虑他人的情感和集体的荣誉。因此,汉化中人倾向于交际中使用积极礼貌策略,而英化中人为有效地实现以自我为中心的正面的社会价值,展示自我的才能,强调享有个人隐私权,往往倾向于使用消极礼貌策略。礼貌原则是在人与人交往的需要和人类发展的需要中迢步形成并加以规范和发展的。     

汉语中赞美语的回应策略研究

文章从社会语言学的角度,采用问卷加访谈的方式对当代中国的年轻人进行调查,探讨性别和赞美内容对汉语中赞美语的回应策略产生的影响。结论是:总的说来,年轻人在面对他人对自己的外貌仪表和与自己相关的人、事、物进行赞美时,更多的人愿意或者喜欢采用接受策略;当别人对自己的能力、成就进行赞美时,人们更倾向于使用不接受策略或修正策略。面对他人对外貌仪表、能力与成就以及部分与自己相关的人、事、物的赞美时,女性比男性更多地采用接受策略;而面对他人对自己另一半的赞美时,男性比女性更喜欢使用接受策略。     

礼貌的性别差异——以《傲慢与偏见》中人物会话为文本

两性在言语交际中遵从礼貌原则的情况不同,女性语言比男性语言更符合礼貌原则的要求。女性语言委婉得体,喜欢赞美对方,尽量与对方保持一致,使用间接性的语言,对于弱势的一方,不乏使用关爱同情的言语,而男性则相反。本文选取《傲慢与偏见》中的人物对话进行了分析,从策略准则和宽宏准则、赞扬准则和谦虚准则,赞同准则、同情准则等方面,总结其中所体现的礼貌的性别差异。     

肯定性反馈语的礼貌功能分析

在会话交际中,本身带有[+肯定]义素的反馈语一般实现对前一话轮内容收到、理解和赞同的功能。我们在研究中发现,当肯定性反馈语后带上后续语句时,后续句语义与前一话轮的内容可能出现相逆或转换的情况,肯定性反馈语实现的是会话的礼貌功能。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.