The Evaluation of Methods in Career Education Interventions

This article initially examines the conditions in which group methods in career intervention have emerged, reviewing their general traits and the criteria which evaluation research must meet. It then goes onto consider results from 11 evaluation studies carried out, with one exception, on children still at school, in France, Belgium and Switzerland. These results form the basis for some general conclusions and a number of problems are identified, concerning the heterogeneity and the power of effects, there presentation of self and jobs, the concept of vocational guidance for pupils, the boosting of their activity and level of their goals. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Challenges for Career Interventions in Changing Contexts

Current social and economic changes have created a challenging context for career counsellors. Within this context counsellors are being asked to view their role from different perspectives. There is recognition of the importance of lifelong guidance and also the need to view guidance from a broader social context with greater emphasis on social responsibility and ethics. New forms of delivery are also emerging. These include an emphasis on client centred and holistic counselling, an affirmation of narrative methods, and a more dynamic counselling approach. Lastly, there is the development of a number of new methods of service delivery. Some examples include one stop counselling centres, virtual counselling services, mentoring, career coaching, and the inclusion of social enterprises as part of the counselling process. The implementation of these changes has implications for training, specialization and for accreditation.     

Effects of Motivational Interventions on the National Assessment of Educational Progress Mathematics Performance

One of the reasons often cited h r the low average level of proficiency demonstrated by U.S. students on national and international assessments is that there are no consequences or stakes attached to performance on the tests and, therefore, students are not motivated to invest their best effort. In this study, money was chosen as an incentive, but we hoped that short written instructions would be almost as powerful as money and easier and more desirable to implement in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Our results indicate that, at least for Grade 8 participants, student effort can be increased by financial rewards offered at the time of test taking, and that such effort can result in an increase in NAEP math test scores. Thus, from a policy perspective, scores from low-stakes tests may not represent what the student knows. Rather, such scores represent what students will demonstrate with minimal effort     

欧盟完善终身职业生涯指导体系新进展

欧盟自2004年起就力图构建终身职业生涯指导体系,到2009年已经取得了阶段性成果.其中特别关注拓宽服务、改进质量保证机制、加强对从业人员的培训和加强各方合作等方面.这些新进展对我国试图构建终身职业生涯指导体系的地区具有重要借鉴意义.     

The Effects of Literacy Play Interventions on Preschoolers' Play Patterns and Literacy Development

This study investigated the effects of two types of intervention on preschoolers' play patterns and literacy development. Theme-related literacy materials were added to the dramatic play areas used by 32 children in one teacher's morning and afternoon preschool classes. The two classes were randomly assigned to different treatments: (a) Materials Only, in which literacy materials were available in play areas, but no attempt was made by the teacher to encourage children to use the materials in their play; and (b) Materials Plus Adult Involvement, in which the teacher used suggestions and modeling to encourage children to incorporate the literacy materials into their dramatic play. Before and after the 20-week treatment period, assessments were made of the children's free play behavior and literacy development. Six months later, the literacy assessments were administered for a third time. Quantitative and qualitative play observations revealed that the Materials Plus Involvement treatment was more effective in encouraging literacy-related play than the Materials Only intervention. Analysis of the literacy assessments indicated that, while both groups made significant gains over time, there were no significant between-group differences.     

职业生涯规划教育对大学生社会化的影响和作用

职业生涯规划,指个人结合自身情况以及眼前的制约因素为自己实现职业目标而确定行动的方向、时间和方案。职业生涯规划教育是通过个体发展的基本因素、环境的设置、活动的创立等促进个体的社会化。本文从理论上探讨了职业生涯规划教育与大学生社会化之间的关系,职业生涯规划教育对大学生社会化的影响和作用。有利于高校教育工作者更好把握职业生涯规划教育,促进大学生社会化。     

The Effects of Two Mindset Interventions on Low-Income Students’ Academic and Psychological Outcomes

Abstract

This study examined two widely available light-touch, writing-based mindset interventions: one that targeted students’ purpose for learning and one that aimed to increase students’ growth mindset. In order to examine the potential mechanisms underlying previously reported effects of mindset interventions, we analyzed these interventions’ effects on low-income, ethnic minority adolescents’ academic outcomes, task persistence, task-relevant anxiety, critical motivation, and sense of belonging. Results indicated that the purpose for learning intervention had a small negative impact on students’ self-reported grades the following year, and null results for the other outcomes. The growth mindset intervention was administered one year following the purpose for learning intervention and we found no evidence of treatment impacts on any outcomes. Analyses of treatment impact moderation suggested that certain student characteristics, such as student gender and race could play a role, but most of these tests also presented null results. The primarily null results of both interventions suggest that further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of one-time, self-administered mindset interventions across a variety of contexts and student populations.     

高等教育对社会就业的正负效应

教育和就业是互动的关系。高等教育对社会就业具有正负效应：一方面,高等教育促进就业的正面效应是良性的、长期的;另一方面,高等教育政策取向、高等教育发展对社会的影响以及高等教育自身特点等因素对就业产生负面效应。     

The Influence of a Career Pathways Model and Career Counseling on Students' Career and Academic Self-Efficacy

This qualitative study examines the effects of career pathways programming and targeted career counseling services on 71 high school seniors across seven schools engaged in school reforms funded through South Carolina's Education and Economic Development Act (EEDA). EEDA is a statewide, multipronged effort to improve academic achievement, graduation rates, and students' chances at success in both careers and college. One component of EEDA is the requirement that all students complete an individual graduation plan, and in order to build capacity to execute this new requirement, additional counselors and/or counselor aides were added to every high school in the state. We found that the combination of a career pathways model along with targeted career counseling services enhanced students' sense of career and academic self-efficacy by increasing their motivation to complete school, willingness and interest to take more challenging courses, and sense of preparedness for college and work. We examine these themes through the social cognitive career theory's triadic model of causality (Bandura, 1997) connecting study findings with the central constructs of self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and personal goal development.     

大学生职业生涯规划问题研究

随着市场经济的发展与成熟，高等教育大众化的实现，未来社会就业的竞争地越来越激励，如何在职场立有一席地位，就需要对自己的职业生涯进行系统的规则。本文通过对职业生涯规划理论的综述，分析了当前大学生进行职业生涯规划的意义和重要性。着重论述了大学生在进行职业生涯规划时，应考虑哪些因素，如何进行职业生涯规划。希望通过本文，能有针对性地启发和引导学生设计自己的职业生涯发展，做好职业准备，结合自身特点，根据目标和进程不断总结经验，对职业生涯中的不和谐之处进行矫正，并最终选定自己的“职业锚”。实现自己的职业目标。同时，给大学生的就业指导提供一些借鉴和帮助。     

建构主义对职业生涯发展咨询的启示

本文从建构主义的基本观点出发,阐述建构主义的思想对职业生涯发展咨询的影响和启示,以期能指导我们的咨询实践,为来访者的职业发展进行更好的指导。     

主动性人格对大学生职业生涯发展的影响

主动性人格对个体发展有重要影响。文章国外研究揭示了主动性人格与大学生的工作适应、早期职业生涯发展等之间的紧密关系。在概览已有研究基础上得出一些启示,并对有待继续探索的问题进行了展望。     

高等院校职业生涯教育模式探讨

从教育学角度出发,在前人研究成果的基础上,关注受教育者主体地位,注重促进大学生职业生涯可持续发展,创新性地提出高校职业生涯教育模式——可持续式。可持续式是以学生为主体,以学业导师为主导,通过递进教育、适时介入、全程服务,促进大学生职业生涯教育内化的模式。提出高校职业生涯教育模式并探讨其实施,以期对高校开展职业生涯教育起到指导作用。     

领悟社会支持与大学生生涯适应力的关系:主动性人格的中介作用

本文旨在探讨主动性人格、领悟社会支持与大学生生涯适应力的关系。通过采用生涯适应力量表、领悟社会支持量表和主动性人格量表对277名大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示:(1)主动性人格、领悟社会支持与生涯适应力呈显著正相关;(2)结构方程模型结果显示,主动性人格在领悟社会支持对生涯适应力的影响中起完全中介作用。     

对大学生树立科学就业观的思考

大学生的就业观念在深层次上影响着大学生的就业工作,当前大部分大学生的就业观念是正确的,但也有一些学生就业观念存在误区,直接影响他们的就业.大学生就业观的形成既受到客观因素的影响,也受到大学生自身主观因素的影响,是多种因素综合作用的结果.大学生树立科学的就业观要坚持以人为本,体现全面协调可持续发展的基本要求.树立科学的就业观要求大学生把实现自我价值和实现社会价值紧密结合起来,正确地认识社会和自己.树立适应时代发展需要的科学就业观.     

大学生职业生涯规划中的非理性生涯信念及干预对策

非理性职业生涯信念是指个人在社会化过程中,逐渐形成的一些有关生涯发展方面的非理性想法,其经常会以功能失调的方式影响人们的职业发展.文章结合相关理论研究成果以及笔者在大学生职业生涯规划教育与辅导中的实践,系统分析和探讨了我国大学生在职业生涯规划中的常见五类非理性职业生涯信念,最后提出了相应的干预对策.