Job relocation and the trailing spouse

Conclusion Spouse relocation counseling is a prime example of the interrelationship between a client's career development and mental health counseling needs. Although these clients may initially seek a career counselor's help in career decision making or for assistance in their job campaigns, personal and psychological factors associated with the relocation are quite often significant and must be addressed to render effective service.Effective spouse relocation counseling, like any other type of counseling, begins with understanding and support. To many trailing spouses the relocation experience is overwhelming and can have a negative effect on the spouse's career development. Simply put, understanding and responding to trailing spouses in terms of both their mental health and career development needs is vital to serving this special population.Michael Shahnasarian, Ph.D., is a career development consultant in the Center for Counseling and Human Development at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Michael Shahnasarian, Ph.D., 10919 North Dale Mabry Hwy., Tampa, FL 33618.     

Does distance matter? A study of married Indian women professionals staying away from families to pursue higher studies*

‘Return to school’ for enhancement of career is considered a means to career mobility. However, if ‘return to school’ is chosen after a certain stage it has its own costs and challenges. It becomes more complex, especially for women, if geographical distance from family becomes an additional variable to it. Present study, grounded in Indian context, examines married Indian women professionals, who opted for geographical separation from their families (including, in some cases, infants and small children) to pursue higher studies. The study explores what spurs well-qualified married women professionals to take a career break and join a rigorous educational programme which requires them to stay away from their families for a substantial time. Key themes that emerged from the study can be categorised as motives: dissatisfaction with work situation, need for skill enhancement, and an urge to develop one’s own identity; facilitators: support and encouragement from spouse and other family members and age; challenges faced: psychological turmoil, strain on relationships, and financial stress.     

How to retain postgraduate students in engineering programmes: a practical perspective

Six factors for pursuing an engineering postgraduate programme at Griffith University including (i) programme quality; (ii) employment prospects; (iii) practicality; (iv) personal interest; (v) popularity; and (vi) reputation; and 11 factors for not pursuing this engineering programme including (i) employment prospects; (ii) degree of difficulty; (iii) loss of interest; (iv) interaction with classmates and lecturers; (v) financial difficulty; (vi) programme quality; (vii) persuasion from other institutions; (viii) obligation to family; (ix) career change; (x) self-confidence; and (xi) relocation are studied in this paper. A questionnaire survey on factors for pursuing and against pursuing the programme is conducted. Individual interviews are conducted to gather further information and clarification on the survey. F-tests, relative important index values and spectral behaviour of all factors are estimated. It is found that employment prospects and programme quality are the major factors for pursuing and for not pursuing the programme.     

大学生就业压力的特点——基于归因风格和心理弹性的相关分析

采用问卷测量广州大学城1211名学生,统计显示:大学生就业压力处于中等偏上水平,主要来源于五个方面,即应聘素质、就业预期、求职支持、职业定位、专业需求。同时,就业压力与消极的归因风格呈显著正相关,与心理弹性呈显著负相关,而就业压力、消极归因风格、心理弹性在人口学变量上有显著的群体差异,其中,家庭经济困难大学生是需要多关注的群体。     

Career Mobility of High-Flying Women Academics: A study at selected universities in Malaysia

This study aims to investigate the relationship between past experience and the career mobility of 31 high-flying female academics from eight established Malaysian universities. Based on data gathered from in-depth interviews, it is discerned that the respondents' career mobility at the exploration stage is influenced by early exposure to learning, experience in secondary schools (especially at boarding schools), first-degree experience, and personal qualities. On the other hand, respondents' career mobility during the establishment and maintenance stages is attributed to graduate study experience, career centrality, family support, uniqueness of academic role, health consciousness and adherence to religiosity.     

Gender and family influences on Spanish students’ aspirations and values in stem fields

Drawing on expectancy-value theory, this study examines gender and family influences on students’ career aspirations and attached values. 796 secondary Spanish students (M age?=?16 years old, S.D.?=?0.81) participated. 53% were boys. The results show that boys and students with mothers who have completed intermediate level education were more interested in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) architecture and technology. Girls and students with highly educated mothers born in Spain were more likely to aspire to STEM health and experimental studies. Furthermore, boys and students planning to pursue STEM-technology studies attached higher extrinsic values to these studies. On the contrary, girls and participants with interest in experimental and health studies attached less extrinsic values to these studies. Moreover, students with highly educated mothers and interested in STEM architecture and technology reported higher extrinsic values. Understanding the interaction of gender and family factors shaping adolescents’ career aspirations in STEM fields seems to be crucial to designing significant and effective school and family grounded interventions.     

Family systems as predictors of career attitude maturity for Korean high school students

This study examined the relationships between family systems and high school students’ career development. Family adaptability and family cohesion were considered as indicators of family function, and career attitude maturity was conceptualized as a representative factor explaining adolescents’ career development. A total of 634 high school students participated in this study. Overall, the results showed that family adaptability and family cohesion were both significant predictors of tenth graders’ career attitude maturity. The effects of parents’ educational backgrounds on career attitude maturity were negligible. However, the relationships were inconsistent across gender. For female students, family cohesion was a more influential predictor of career attitude maturity than family adaptability, while the opposite pattern was observed for the male students.     

Increasing the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Nontraditional College Students

Nontraditional college students (29 women and 37 men) participated in a career counseling workshop based on Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental treatment group or a delayed-treatment control group. Results suggested that participation in the workshop had a significant, positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants (p < .05) across levels of age, sex, year in college, and family income. Results provide support for career self-efficacy theory and indicate that the career decision-making self-efficacy of nontraditional college students is amenable to change through counseling interventions.     

酒店女性管理者职业生涯规划的影响因素分析——以广州市高星级酒店为例

现代女性越来越多投身于个人职业发展中,其职业生涯规划意义重大。国内外有关女性职业发展的研究已有丰富的理论基础,但理论分析较多,实证研究成果相对匮乏。高星级酒店的女性管理者职业生涯规划的影响因素分析具有较为重要的理论意义和实践价值。首先,通过文献研究和问卷调查确定女性职业生涯规划的影响因素,并选取某高星级酒店作为案例,通过深度访谈具体分析各影响因子的具体表现。结果显示：影响酒店女性管理者职业生涯规划的因素主要有社会因素、个人因素、家庭因素和组织因素。社会因素是一种宏观背景;个人因素贯穿女性管理者职业生涯规划的始终,是职业生涯规划的基础;家庭因素对酒店女性管理者婚后和生育后的职业生涯规划产生重要影响,其中家庭责任的影响具有两面性,而来自长辈和丈夫的家庭支持能促进其职业生涯规划的可持续发展;组织因素属于外部客观的影响因素,酒店和谐的工作环境和完善的福利制度,对其职业生涯规划起到积极的推动作用。     

Influences on South African women's career and traditional goals

Interview data on encouragement and discouragement for achievement-related behaviour were obtained from two groups: career women (n=100), and traditional women (n=100). Following the 20 minutes interview periods, the participants described their achievement-related experiences on 7-point scales. Career women reported more statistically significant encouragement from family members and significant others than did their traditional counterparts. There was no causal relationship between encouragement and career goals in the two groups of women. A number of significant findings and nonsignificant trends combined to suggest that for women the perception of greater encouragement from significant others in the immediate environment is necessary to compensate for the sex role expectation of nonachievement, and that women who set high goals believe they are acting in accord with significant others. This is in support of Stake and associate's hypothesis (Stake, 1979; Stake & Levitz, 1979). The combination of an interview and self-report methodologies appeared to be useful in gaining better understanding of implications of the results for the career achievement of black women.     

A study on the measurement of job-related stress among women academics in research universities of China

This study intends to gain an understanding of the sources of stress among women academics in research universities of China. Studies have shown that, compared with their male counterparts, women report higher level of stress in work/family conflicts, gender barriers and career development. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn about their particular stress experiences. Firstly, women academics perceived the demands for career development as highly stressful. The main career challenges for them include the need for renewing knowledge, lack of research productivity, and slow career progress. Secondly, gender related barriers increased pressure on women academics. These barriers are difficulties in getting into male-dominated networks, social stereotypes of women, and gender discrimination in promotion. Finally, women academics experienced more difficulties in fulfilling both academic work and family roles. The main conflict situations pertained to “performing both work and family roles very well,” “children’s education and future” and “lack of time to satisfy personal interests and hobbies.”     

Impact of teachers’ career adaptability and family on professional learning

Teachers’ engagement in professional learning is vital to the profession’s sustainability. Their professional learning is influenced by the demands of balancing work, family, and the strain of balancing the two. This challenge is addressed through the notion resilience, operationalized as career adaptability. In a sample of teachers (N = 193), the present research explored the relations between career adaptability, family-to-work conflict (time-based and strain-based), and engagement in professional learning. Structural equation modelling revealed that time-based conflict mediated the relation between career adaptability and strain-based conflict. Strain-based conflict, in turn, negatively predicted engagement with professional development studies. It is recommended that strategies for teachers’ professional learning are inclusive of contextual factors, such as family-to-work conflict, and focused on enhancing their career adaptability.     

Family therapy perspectives on anxiety manifestation in career counseling: A case illustration with an adolescent

Little is known about the origins of anxiety manifested in the career counseling process. Through a case illustration, this article highlights the appropriateness of using functional family therapy (FFT) principles in career counseling sessions to assess the family dynamics involved in this issue. The discussion emphasizes seven suggestions: (1) this anxiety is not necessarily easily recognizable and (2) is not limited to the career choice; this anxiety may be related to (3) separation anxiety, (4) parenting, (5) antecedent of family traumatic event, or (6) paradoxical injunctions; and (7) this anxiety can be treated through autonomy support.     

对我国社会转型时期职业女性角色冲突问题的几点思考

在我国社会转型时期，职业女性所面临的双重角色压力增强，首先表现在社会角色方面，其次表现在家庭角色方面。其原因有：传统的家庭制度、价值观念的影响；社会中普遍存在的性别意识薄弱现象；职业女性中存在着的完美主义倾向。而现阶段，家庭、事业兼顾已是多数职业女性的选择。缓解她们面临的双重角色冲突，需要政府、社会、每个家庭共同努力。     

Self-assessment of competences and their impact on the perceived chances for a successful university-to-work transition: the example of tourism degree students in Poland

Tertiary Education and Management - Competences are the most important career capital a university graduate can have. The objective of the paper is to determine which competences acquired at...     

重庆市大学生职业心理成熟度研究

重庆市大学生的总体职业成熟度和职业成熟度各因子的表现水平均一般。其中以职业世界知识最低;大学生职业成熟度在性别上存在显著差异,男生比女生职业成熟度高;大学生职业成熟度在年级上存在显著差异,大四最高,整个发展趋势呈“V”型;大学生职业成熟度在是否兼职上存在显著差异,兼职过的学生比未兼职过的学生职业成熟度高：大学生职业成熟度在家庭收入上存在显著差异．家庭收入高的学生职业成熟度高。     

The Cross-Curriculum Manager: Maximizing the Potential of Learners

Mike Reading happened to visit the NAPCE stand at the Education Show, and commented that his school had found the NAPCE resource pack From Head of Year to Year Curriculum Coordinator? very useful in their developments. So a while later he was contacted to write an account for the journal!

This account gives a sense of the particular flavour of the school, which Mike himself suggests is unusual, and also the ways in which one role can become more highly connected and central to the school, especially if it is contributing to an explicit focus on learning.

Mike is Key Stage Manager at George Spencer Foundation School and Technology College. He trained at The University College of Ripon and York St John, and started his career in education as a Religious Education teacher in Oldham before being Head of Department in Grantham. From this position he was appointed to a senior role in his present school. He has studied the contribution which Quality Management makes to secondary school management and gained a Masters degree at Nottingham Trent University.     

论高校教学管理共同体

共同体对高校教学管理工作具有独特的作用,并且其构建的路径是多元的,因此,从规范分析的角度而言,为了推进高校教学管理共同体的构建,应在确立共同的职业理想,强化与实现“职业身份认同”,完善与强化职业归属感、组织文化观教育等方面着手。在此基础上,各类高校还需结合各自校情,构建各具特色的、适应高等教育发展需要的教学管理共同体,为高校人才培养质量的提高提供强有力的组织保障。     

The Direct and Indirect Effect of Family Factors on the Choice of a College Major

Research on Russian students shows that the choice of a major and career is strongly influenced by family characteristics, and that there are both direct and indirect influences. It is not clear, however, how much of the effect is due to differences in material resources and how much to social and cultural factors.