沟通管理：高校科研管理的有效途径

科研管理中的沟通管理就是为了确保科研信息及时、准确、合理地收集、提取、传播、反馈以及最终处理,以保证科研工作顺利进行所实施的一系列过程。它是对科学研究活动全过程中各种不同方式和不同内容沟通活动的全面管理。章通过对高校科研工作特点的研究,阐述高校科研工作与沟通的关系及沟通管理对高校科研管理的重要性,论述基于科研项目的高校科研沟通管理的流程。     

The Role of Institutional Research in Higher Education: Enabling Researchers to Meet New Challenges

Based on a survey of 243 New England colleges and universities, this article is designed to contribute to an understanding of the current and projected roles of institutional research and to discuss the implications of these roles for the education and training of future institutional researchers. Results from this study reveal the strongest relationships between the institution's size and the scope of the institutional research function, the reporting relationship, and the size and the qualifications of the institutional research staff. Multivariate analysis identifies the size of the institutional staff and the qualifications of the institutional director as significant predictors of involvement in planning and policy studies. These data indicate the need to enhance the presence, qualifications, and level of activity of institutional researchers in order to enhance the contribution to institutional decision making particularly among small institutions. Recommendations are offered to achieve these goals and prepare the institutional research profession for the challenges confronting higher education now and in the 21st century.     

知识经济时代高校女性管理者的现状分析及对策

知识经济改变了传统的生产方式和产业结构,为高校女性管理者在职场中展现性别优势提供了可能。但由于面临来自传统观念和制度上的束缚,目前高校女性管理者的状况可概括为:比例少、职位低、职权小。通过从家庭、个人和制度三个方面提出对策和建议,以提高女性管理者在高校中的影响力,促进高校积极健康的发展。     

Utilization of New Knowledge and Application of New Ideas in Education: A Discussion of the Vitalization of Education as a Profession and Discipline

This article is based on the Fourth Ruth Wong Memorial Lecture delivered at the National University of Singapore, 28 February, 1986.     

教育研究伦理的审查政策——以美国哥伦比亚大学IRB为例

教育研究中的伦理道德保护已经受到学界关注,但多停留在伦理标准和规范的辨识上,对大学是如何保护研究伦理知之甚少.以美国哥伦比亚大学教师学院制度评审委员会为例,分析其在评审程序和内容等方面的规定,可为我国建立研究伦理评审机构和政策提供借鉴.     

Swedish Universities towards Self-Regulation: A New Look at Institutional Autonomy

Swedish universities are required to change towards more effective self-regulation as the government has recently reduced state steering and devolved further responsibilities to them. In this paper, self-regulation is related to the concept of autonomy, a concept which is analysed on the two dimensions of purpose and authority, resulting in four models of state governance and consequently in a different space of action for the institutions. However, in order to develop self-regulation, the space granted must also be used effectively to realise autonomy. Six Swedish higher education institutions are analysed concerning how they have used their new space of action and what restrictions they have met in their efforts for self-regulation.     

高校科研团队中博士后群体心理冲突与协调

博士后群体是科研人才的重要组成部分,在心理上存在着特定的内聚力。在心理特征上,既有思维的敏锐与偏执,又有社会的责任感与功利性;既有研发的主体与被动,又有团队的合作与独立;既有人际交往的层次与封闭,又有生活方式的前卫与依赖。对此应从人生导向、激励机制、实践平台和人际沟通方面加强协调。     

中越高校英语教师成为“研究者”之比较研究

语言教学研究对外语教师尤为重要,被视为外语教师专业发展的重要途径。英语在中国和越南都属于外语,两国高校英语教师成为"研究者"面临着很多共同的困境,如研究观念的转变问题、研究时间的保障问题、评价机制问题、研究方法问题以及研究传播问题等。     

Academia as a Profession and the Hierarchy of the Sexes: Paths out of Research in German Universities

The careers of women in German higher education are really careers which lead out of academe: women disappear on the route to the top. In order to track processes and structures which lead to this 'academic mortality of females', this article views higher education as a social field with its own dynamic of development, differentiated according to subject cultures. At the centre of the exploration lie organisational structures, hierarchies, time allocation, customs, traditions, everyday practices and interaction in the scientific community. In order to gain insight into these, detailed interviews were carried out with aspiring academics, institute directors and professors, both at universities and at research institutes outside the orbit of universities; the use of time was studied, and ethnographic material was assembled, together with statistical data. This contribution focuses on the structural conditions of the academic career, on symbolic violence in direct interaction, on patterns of competitive behaviour in the scientific community and on the role of mentors.     

大学知识管理策略思考

在论述大学知识管理概念和特征的基础上,提出大学知识管理的策略选择应从人、事物、环境三个层面的交互作用着手,结合各大学管理的实际,有条件、分步骤地推进。树立知识管理的人本观,构筑知识管理信息平台,设计超常规组织结构,创新知识管理机制,建立健全知识管理制度,营造组织学习的文化氛围。     

转型中的中国学术职业:制度分析视角

选择中国学术职业作为研究对象,从制度理论的视角出发,采取历史分析方法,探讨中国社会制度下学术职业的特征,以及改革开放以来学术职业的变化.通过分析发现:(1)公立高校和民办高校分别具有事业单位和民办非企业的法人属性.随之,公立高校教师和民办高校教师分别享受事业单位成员和民办非企业单位成员的福利待遇,前者明显地高于后者,阻碍了人员在两种不同组织之间的流动;(2)改革开放三十年,高校人事制度发生了显著变化.在人员聘用方面,逐渐从过去的身份管理向岗位管理转变.在工资分配制度方面,将工资收入与工作绩效挂钩,扩大绩效工资在收入中所占的比例;(3)高校组织形态由过去受政府控制较多的单位逐渐向具有办学自主权的组织转变,学术职业也从单位人转向社会人.     

高等农业院校在新农村人才战略中的作用与实现途径

建设社会主义新农村,人才培养是关键,高等农业院校作为农业高级专门人才培养的基地,在社会主义新农村建设的进程中,肩负着人才培养的重任,发挥着举足轻重的作用.文章通过分析高等农业院校在新农村人才战略中的重要使命与作用,探索其有效的实现途径.     

Classical Political Economy and the Role of Universities in the New Knowledge Economy

Higher education has become the new star ship in the policy fleet for governments around the world. The public policy focus on higher education, in part, reflects a growing consensus in macroeconomics of 'new growth' or 'endogenous growth' theory, based on the work of Solow, Lucas and Romer that argues that the driving force behind economic growth is technological change (i.e. improvements in knowledge about how we transform inputs into outputs in the production process). Knowledge about technology and levels of information flow are now considered critical for economic development and can account for differential growth patterns. In short, universities are seen to be a key driver towards the knowledge economy. Accordingly, higher education institutions have been encouraged to develop links with industry and business in a series of new venture partnerships. This emphasis in higher education policy also accords with initiatives to promote greater entrepreneurial skills and activity within so-called national systems of innovation. This paper focuses upon the economic importance of higher education as a key component of the knowledge economy. It discusses the genealogy and contributing strands to the newly emerging discourse and considers universities in the knowledge-driven economy by reference to the UK White Paper Our Competitive Future. It also considers the arguments advanced by Joseph Stiglitz (ex-Chief Economist of the World Bank) for the 'analytics of the knowledge economy' and discusses universities in terms of 'knowledge cultures'. Finally, the paper provides a critique of the policy discourse of the knowledge economy as a basis of the new challenges facing universities under knowledge capitalism.     

行动研究:教师科研新方法

本文论述了中小学教师应如何使用行动研究的方法进行科研,并认为行动研究可以加速教育科研“产业化”。行动研究以合作的定性研究为主,实地研究和反思是行动研究的关键,日记是重要的环节。本文以笔者正在研究的一个课题为例对行动研究的方法作了详细的介绍。     

我国公立高校治理结构的改革--新制度经济学的视角

从新制度经济学的视角,把我国公立高校视为经济组织,明晰其产权,进而实现投资主体多元化,必然产生对高校治理结构改革的要求。在外部治理结构方面,应重新认识和建立政府与高校之间的关系,使公立高校成为一个独立的法人实体,享有更大的独立自主办学的权力;在内部治理结构方面,应体现高校内部各个不同利益群体之间、高校与社会之间的权利配置以及他们之间的作用关系。在产权结构多元化的高校,可采用类企业治理结构,由股东会、董事会、监事会、校长构成,实行董事会领导下的校长负责制。     

院校制度与美国研究型大学学术职业的发展

学术职业在美国研究型大学的发展历程中处于核心地位,也受到研究型大学各种院校制度的影响与制约。学术职业的内涵随着研究型大学职能的演变而变化,研究型大学在对学术职业人员的学术职责进行规范的同时也赋予其一定的学术权利。研究型大学中特有的关于学术职业人员的职责和权利的制度,以及保证学术职业人员学术自治的一些院校制度等对学术职业的发展具有重要作用。     

当前高校教学管理人员继续教育存在的问题及对策

以高等学校的现状为立足点,具体分析了目前高校教学管理人员继续教育原因,针对教学管理人员继续教育存在的问题提出了一些建议和解决措施。     

University Science Teachers as Researchers: Blurring the Scholarship Boundaries

In this paper I examine the phenomenon of university teachers as researchers in their own classrooms. I use examples of three research teams in which we studied: (1) student response to a science and society course; (2) teacher and student perceptions of inquiry in a physics course; and (3) teaching and learning about the nature of science in an elementary science pedagogy course. In addition to describing each study, I compare their purposes, researcher roles, and actions taken. I use these comparisons to address the ideological clashes and dilemmas of ownership, action, and quality that arise in this kind of research. Finally, I comment upon the significance of university teachers as researchers for themselves, their institutions, and the research community.     

高校人力资源管理者专业化发展的分析

高校人力资源管理者的专业化程度决定人力资源管理工作的效率和质量,而人力资源管理水平又是高校提高核心竞争力的关键因素,所以研究高校人力资源管理者的专业化程度至关重要。文章通过对高校人力资源管理者专业化发展内涵的梳理,包括专业素质、专业发展、专业服务、专业组织四个维度,提高核心竞争力。