美、英、日大学-政府-企业合作模式对比与分析

本文梳理了发达国家在大学、政府和企业合作中的独具特色的模式,包括美国的企业孵化器、工业-大学合作中心和工程研究中心,英国的联合教授席位、创业型大学、教育公司,日本的共同研究中心、委托研究和委托研究员.希望为我国的大学、政府和企业合作模式创新提供参考.     

Diagnosis,Treatment, and Educational Implications for Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States,Australia, and the United Kingdom

For many years there has been debate over Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and whether this condition, which commonly afflicts adolescent children, is a medical or social condition and whether it is exclusively an American phenomenon. This article reviews the basis of ADHD's definition, diagnosis, treatment, and educational implications across three countries: the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The differences in approach have clear and significant consequences for children and their futures.     

The development of young children of immigrants in australia, Canada, the United kingdom, and the United States

In spite of important differences in some of the resources immigrant parents have to invest in their children, and in immigrant selection rules and settlement policies, there are significant similarities in the relative positions of 4- and 5-year-old children of immigrants in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Children of immigrants underperform their counterparts with native-born parents in vocabulary tests, particularly if a language other than the official language is spoken at home, but are not generally disadvantaged in nonverbal cognitive domains, nor are there notable behavioral differences. These findings suggest that the cross-country differences in cognitive outcomes during the teen years documented in the existing literature are much less evident during the early years.     

健美操的真善美价值

健美操是一种文化,以文献资料查阅、分析、归纳等方法,从文化价值学说的角度,阐述健美操文化的求真、求善、求美价值,为健美操文化理论的深入研究,提供参考。     

美国民族主义溯源、特点及其影响探析

美国作为当前的头号资本主义强国,其民族主义的发展在全球范围内都会引起不可轻视的影响。文章主要通过论述美国民族主义的形成发展及其特点,并且通过一些国际史实论证美国民族主义的存在及其在国际舞台上的双重性影响。     

教育民营化的凸显及对我国民办教育的政策建议

20世纪80年代以来，教育民营化风靡英美，在短短的20多年里便传遍了全球。教育民营化是通过竞争来打破政府对教育供给和生产的垄断地位，达到满足公众对不同品质教育的需求，以实现教育资源的优化配置和高效使用的过程。公共选择理论、新公共管理理论与有限政府理论为教育民营化的诞生打下了坚实的理论基础，西方资本主义国家及其教育危机的现状直接催生了教育民营化。民营化不等同于市场化，教育民营化必须保持适当的限度。在教育民营化中，必须对政府、教育组织和教育市场进行规范。     

Development of sex-trait stereotypes among young children in the United Staes, England, and Ireland

The Sex Stereotype Measure II (SSM II), a 32-item revision of the Williams, Bennett, and Best Sex Stereotype Measure, was developed to assess children's knowledge of conventional, sex-trait stereotypes defined by American university students. The procedure employed brief stories and human figure silhouettes which were individually administered to 5- and 8-year-old children in the United States, England, and Ireland and group administered to 11-year-olds in the United States. In the United States, knowledge of sex-trait stereotypes was found to develop in a linear fashion between the ages of 5 and 11, with more male traits than female traits being known at each age level. Cross-nationally, there was a high degree of similarity in the nature of the sex stereotypes being learned by the children in the 3 countries, although the rate of learning appeared slower among the Irish children. In all countries there was a clear progression in sex-stereotype learning from age 5 to age 8. English boys had greater knowledge of stereotypes than English girls, but this was not true in Ireland and the United States. Generally, knowledge of male stereotype traits appeared to develop earlier while knowledge of the female traits increased more rapidly between ages 5 and 8. The similarity in sex-stereotype learning in the 3 countries is discussed, and studies in progress in other countries of greater cultural diversity are noted.     

Family Policy,Welfare, and Single Motherhood in the United States and Denmark: A Cross-National Analysis of Discourse and Practice

Family and child care policies in the United States and Denmark are discussed. Key issues in the article address the contrasting discourses that frame policies about the poor, about women and welfare, about single motherhood, and about the role and responsibility of government in providing for the welfare of children. The dismantling of entitlements and the shredding of the safety net in the United States is critically analyzed and contrasted with the Danish discourse of universalism and social citizenship rights.     

Family Policy, Welfare, and Single Motherhood in the United States and Denmark: A Cross-National Analysis of Discourse and Practice

Family and child care policies in the United States and Denmark are discussed. Key issues in the article address the contrasting discourses that frame policies about the poor, about women and welfare, about single motherhood, and about the role and responsibility of government in providing for the welfare of children. The dismantling of entitlements and the shredding of the safety net in the United States is critically analyzed and contrasted with the Danish discourse of universalism and social citizenship rights.     

美、英、印三国学前教育财政投入的保障机制特点分析

对美国、英国和印度三国学前教育财政投入的法律和政策保障进行了分析,认为其表现出两个特点:通过刚性立法或国家政策保障学前教育财政预算的实现;依托项目保证学前教育预算不断增加并向弱势群体倾斜。我国应借鉴三国的经验,将完善的教育财政立法作为保障学前教育发展的重要手段;并注重以实施大型项目的手段加强对弱势群体的资助,促进学前教育事业的长期稳定与公平发展。     

Religious background and educational attainment: The effects of Buddhism,Islam, and Judaism

The effects of Buddhism, Islam, and Judaism on educational attainment in the United States are examined. OLS estimates of educational attainment and Probit estimates of college attainment are undertaken. It is shown that Islam and Judaism have similar positive effects on attainment relative to Protestants and Catholics. The effect of Buddhism is specific to respondents who were living in the United States at age sixteen and/or were born in the United States. Data from the National Opinion Research Center's “General Social Survey: 1998–2008” are used.     

A Comparative Study of Special Education Contrasting Denmark,Sweden, and the United States of America

Many background factors, such as demography, size of the country and the history development, have created different atmospheres and have influenced philosophies, laws, and procedures for dealing with handicapped students in educational settings in Denmark, Sweden, and the United States of America. Yet, despite the differences, these three countries have developed educational systems that are more similar than different. This report examines both similarities and differences and aims to spread information that could be useful in developing the special education systems of different countries. The authors represent special educational research in the United States of America and Sweden.     

论美国高等学校收费偏高的现状、成因和后果

自20世纪80年代以来,美国高校学费偏高问题逐渐凸显出来,并成为美国高等教育财政改革的中心议题之一。文章建构了由9个指标组成的高等学校收费评价指标体系,并对美国高校收费作了具体的评价和分析。高校收费偏高对美国高等教育机会均等和高等教育质量产生了严重的负面效应。     

Latin@s in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics (STEM) at the Intersections

As the United States population approaches a minority majority, the need to address educational inequities is intensified, especially for Latin@ students who are among the fastest growing ethnic minority group across the United States and at four-year colleges and universities. Concerns for educational equity also demand broadening participation of domestic under-represented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Informed by student-level data from six large, public, doctoral-granting, research-intensive universities located in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions, we examine differences in STEM degree attainment among Latin@s at the intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. The results support the need to target STEM intervention efforts to Latin@s by gender.     

基督教滇黔川边传教士的民族及阶级归属

鸦片战争以后,循道公会、内地会等基督教组织,在滇黔川边广泛传播。其中循道公会的信徒达6万之众。参与基督教传播的,是一批在西方列强对中国的殖民侵略浪潮下来华的出身于英国社会下层和少数民族族群的传教士。这些传教士,可以称之为英国“康沃尔少数民族”。在劳动阶级和少数民族族群出身的圣经基督教教会传教士群体的历史活动中,明显地表现出了自发的阶级性和民族性的作用。     

Divorce, gender role, and higher education expansion

In Western societies the past two decades have witnessed a great increase of women's participation in higher education and a multiplication of responsibilities as a result of the expanded role of women. This article examines higher education enrollment between 1970 and 1987 in the United Kingdom and the United States. It is guided by a theoretical model contending that educational expansion occurs where people choose education as an adaptation to increased deprivation and uncertainty. By linking the expanded role of women to the expansion of women's participation in higher education, and by using the rising rate of divorce as an indicator of the increased disenfranchisement among women in patriarchal societies, this study attempts to uncover the hidden forces behind the recent expansion of women's participation in higher education. Multiple regression is used for the statistical analysis. The results show that the divorce rate is positively related to women's enrollment in higher education in the United States. The results also show divergent enrollment patterns between the two sexes regarding the effect of unemployment in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It is argued that gender role expectation is crucial to understanding the different effects of divorce and unemployment on the divergent enrollment patterns of men and women. The article also explores important differences in the areas of educational opportunities, the magnitude of the impact of divorce, government policies regarding women's welfare, and the differing role of credentials in social mobility in the two countries under study.     

台海两岸与美国互动关系的发展及其消解

国共内战引致台海两岸分治对抗,美国推行霸权蓄意阻碍两岸统一,这是台海两岸与美国互动关系形成的主要原因。台海两岸与美国的互动关系涉及广泛的领域,而从政治、军事及经济这三个关键领域互动发展的情况来看,台海两岸与美国的互动关系经过两个阶段的演进,中美之间由最初的冲突型互动,转变成合作与竞争并存型互动;同时台湾地区与美国之间由最初的合作型互动,逐渐变成了合作与竞争并存型互动。未来台海两岸与美国互动关系的具体变化与消解,与中国政府对统一路径的选择及取向密切相关,最理想的状态是促成美国无奈放弃干预,两岸和谈后自然实现统一。     

College Admissions,International Competition,and the Cold War in Asia: The Case of Overseas Chinese Students in Taiwan in the 1950s

Focusing only on education exchanges between the United States and other countries, existing scholarship fails to illuminate how American‐sponsored student migrations between other countries helped expand U.S. hegemony. This article attempts to rectify this limitation by looking at Taiwan's policies on overseas Chinese students (qiaosheng) in the 1950s. After the debacle of the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan, the Kuomintang (KMT) sought to solicit overseas Chinese support and to counter Communist China's drive for “returning students.” The KMT‐developed qiaosheng program faced difficulties until 1954, when the United States, seeing that Taiwan's project could serve its anti‐Communist plan, started bankrolling the qiaosheng program, thereby enabling the KMT to lure more students away from Communist China. These findings suggest that overlooking U.S.‐sponsored student migrations between nations outside the United States renders our analysis of international education exchanges and American imperialism incomplete.     

Citizenship education under discourses of nationalism, globalization, and cosmopolitanism: Illustrations from China and the United States

The authors, one from China and one from the United States, present a theoretical framework for understanding the discursive fields of citizenship education as composed, in large part, of the discourses of nationalism, globalization, and cosmopolitanism. The framework is illustrated by examples from citizenship education in China and the United States. Citizenship education in these examples is largely influenced by the discourse of nationalism. The discursive fields are fractured, context-specific, and dynamic. In conclusion, the authors call for awareness of how these discourses operate, and propose that the discourses of globalization and cosmopolitanism merge and strengthen within citizenship education. The effect could be a new citizenship education that is responsive to the current needs of local and global democratic communities.     

美国全纳教育的发展、实施策略及问题

美国全纳教育经历了30年的发展,从最初的一种教育理念发展为波及全美中小学的教育改革运动。全纳教育取得的成功使其成为当代美国基础教育改革的重要成果和标志之一。回顾美国全纳教育的兴起与发展、分析美国全纳教育的实施策略及其存在的问题对我国当前的基础教育改革具有特殊的借鉴意义。